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The reasons and the extent of drug abuse within the children from social and cultural unfavourable environment
CHRTOVÁ, Ivana
For my thesis I have chosen this topic Reasons and the extent of drug abuse within the children from social and cultural unfavourable environment. I was attracted by this theme during my school practical training. Drug experiments with the follow-up abuse within the children?s population are becoming more and more a serious problem not only in the Czech Republic but in the whole world too. Lately the age limit has cut down for the experiments related to legal as well as illegal drugs. The children from the social and cultural unfavourable environment are involved in drug abuse and other pathological phenomenon much sooner than the major society, which explains the lower age limit. When the child belongs to the social and cultural disadvantageous group of inhabitants, he/she comes into the social, health, economical and often criminal problems. To be a member of such excluded group can cause that the child is more likely exposed to frequently and risky drug abuse. The thesis refers to the drug abuse by the children from the social and cultural unfavourable environment. The data for the thesis were collected from the 14 and 15 year old children in special pedagogical institutions in the South Bohemian region. The quantity research was applied to get the data, via anonymous questioner enriched with the additional discussion with the therapists of the respective institution, and were analysed in quality. The previously stated hypothesis were verified and evaluated based on the results qualification. The thesis contains the theoretical part which explains the basic terms, describes models of drug addiction, as the base for the statement and the cause of drug experiments and abuse within the children?s population from disadvantageous environment. The theoretical part concludes the research results of this subject provided within the children?s ordinary population to be compared with this thesis research results. The practical part marks out the goals and describes the own steps of the research. The aim of this work is to find out the reasons and extent of the drug abuse by the children from the social and cultural unfavourable environment. The partial aim was to compare the reasons and extent of drug abuse within these children with the data previously obtained from the ordinary children?s population in the Czech Republic. The research results present higher segment of the respondents from the social and cultural unfavourable environment related to addictives, including higher frequency of the abuse, rather younger age of the first experience with addictives, even regular abuse and experience with various types of addictives compared to regular children?s population. Thanks to the research results we can point to the fact that the reasons of using addictives by the children from the social and cultural unfavourable environment differ from the reasons of the ordinary children?s population. It consists mainly in psychological and social deprivation of those children and absence of the basic psychological needs fulfilment. Such stigma subsequently influences the predisposition to addictives abuse by the children from the social and cultural unfavourable environment, who owing to the drug may be able ?to forget? their problems at least for a while. The thesis results can be used in practice, for teaching, for further research or as the source of information for general public as well as for experts.
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Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Computational Linguistics
Němec, Petr
Neural networks represent a promising approach to problems, which exact algorithmic solution is unknown or not efficient enough. Morphological tagging is one of such tasks in the area of computational linguistics. We have tried to use a backpropagation neural network in several types of experiments. When determining the correct tag on the basis of reliable context, we have learned that the neural tag is basically capable to handle the problem, although the achieved tagging precision (89,22%) did not reach that of statistical methods (93,47%). We also managed to determine appropriate network and context parameters that we have used in the next experiments. The attempt to determine the correct tag on the basis of beforehand statistically determined tags brought a slight decrease of tagging precision (88,71%). Finally, the experiment, which goal was to vote from the outputs of two statistical taggers, showed higher tagging precision (93,56%) than any of these methods (92,74%, 92,58%). It is therefore the overall best result on the given training data set (Prague Dependency Treebank). Hence, it is recommended to test the method by training it on a larger training set (Czech Corpus).
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Veseli Nad Moravou Station Reconstruction
Klar, Vít ; Sobotka, Lukáš (referee) ; Říha, Tomáš (advisor)
The subject of the Master's thesis is to design the redevelopment of the Veseli nad Moravou railway station. This renovation will include renewal of both, railway superstructure and substructure, including drainage system and new platform construcion proposal in order to meet current legislation regarding access of persons with reduced mibility and orientation skills. This thesis also deals with design of the track geometry compoments and geometry of set of switches at both heads of the railway station to fulfill the maximum train velocity demands at certain tracks. Last but not least, the rail track scheme of the station has been simplified.
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Business Plan for the Establisment and Development of the Company focused on Increasing Finacial and Econominal Competences.
Škramlíková, Renata ; Stejskalová, Irena (advisor) ; Zemanová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of my final thesis is to create a business plan in order to found a new company called EkonomLife s.r.o. The company will primarily provide training and education to increase financial literacy of population of South Bohemia. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I describe basic segments of the business plan and explain the area of education specializing in finance and financial literacy. In particular, I focus on the game "VirtuLife", which is a crucial instrument for teaching financial literacy and at the same time a marketing instrument suitable for communication with target groups of clients of the new company. In the practical part of the thesis, I analyse internal and external environment of the company and I suggest convenient sales and marketing strategy based on the previously collected data. At the same time, I evaluate financial possibilities of the company by compiling a founding budget. At the end of my work I come to a conclusion that foundation of such company is very risky at this time and it would be better to find different ways how to address potential clients.
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Dining etiquette
Klíma, Adam ; Mlejnková, Lena (advisor) ; Netková, Jarmila (referee)
The aim is to find out how the subject of Dining etiquette is taught at selected secondary schools and universities and what is its knowledge among students of these schools. Hypotheses set out in this work are: H1: Teaching table etiquette at Czech secondary schools is not big enough and sufficient. H2: Knowledge of students is not sufficient. The work consists of a theoretical part, which focuses on defining basic terms such as dining or label and on the very topic of table etiquette. In the practical part will analyze the selected schools and compiled a distibuován questionnaire among selected respondents.
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Supplementing functionality of Integrated Development Environment BlueJ with possibility of working with streams in an interactive mode.
Pešat, David ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (advisor) ; Pavlíčková, Jarmila (referee)
Main objective of this thesis is to extend existing functionality of Integrated Development Environment (IDE) BlueJ with possibility of working with streams in an interactive mode. This new functionality helps to falicitate and improve teaching of programming within the First Architecture methodology. First part of this thesis deals with IDE BlueJ and discusses problematic software con-structions which don´t have sufficient support in interactive mode. Main focus is put on streams. Another part of this thesis suggests possible options for extension which should be integrated to the existing functionality. Following part focuses on analysis of the proposed changes and final part discusses implementation itself and describes author´s process of realization.
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Interactions of Hydrogen Sulfide Releasing Enzymes in Porcine Oocytes during Meiotic Maturation
Jiříček Hasalová, Simona ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The reproductive biotechnologies currently represent a major scientific discipline based on a sufficient quantity of wholesome oocytes matured in vitro conditions to acquire permits for their effectiveness. The meiotic maturation is a complex process where a wide range of factors is involved in the regulation. One of these factors are small gaseous molecules, so-called gasotransmitters. These gases demonstrate number of physiological functions in the organism and the latest discovered gasotransmitter is hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
The aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis according to which there are enzymes present in porcine oocytes that produce H2S (CBS, CTH, 3-MPST), their distribution is in interaction and their joint actions influence the process of the meiotic maturation. The resulting data were obtained on the basis of immunocytochemical staining and colocalization analysis.
The results proofed the presence of H2S-releasing enzymes in porcine oocytes. It was also confirmed the function of these enzymes in relation to the regulation of the meiotic maturation when oocytes cultured with triple inhibitors of H2S-releasing enzymes matured more slowly. The results also showed medium correlation dependence of enzymes CBS, CTH and 3-MPST. The combination of CBS and 3-MPST resulted in high correlation dependence which confirmed their interaction both in immature oocytes and in vitro matured oocytes.
It is evident that so far studied effects of H2S are only a fraction of skills which this signal molecule possesses. There exists a need for future experiments to help us describe and explain the acting mechanisms of H2S.
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Economic Impacts of Social Policy on Selected Sectors of the Czech Economy
Kašparová, Kateřina ; Severová, Lucie (advisor)
We live in the 21st century, when more than ever solves finance, economy in terms of both the individual and the state, but also the European Union, which affects every Member State and the Czech Republic is no exception. State economic situation continues to affect both small and large companies, entrepreneurs and individuals who under the influence of the surrounding developments make decisions affecting not only the present but also the future. Economic decisions impinge on the functioning of the state authorities, which is taking steps to support the decision given on the company, such as electronic records of sales, taxation and other laws affecting their business. This impacts directly or indirectly to a particular individual moving in the country's economy. The aim of the dissertation is to express the economic impact in terms of social policy on selected sectors of the Czech economy, both theoretically and practically. The economic impact of social policy affects the financial situation of the economically active population who are hit by unexpected life situations. It is degraded in the social position due to declining economic level, which is then inadequate and social policies often do not sufficiently take into account the economic situation of the individual before and after the establishment of that situation. And the individual is often unable to adequately use the possibilities that social policy allows. The main reason is a lack of awareness, that should act on the individual before the emergence of the situation and create awareness in the people about the possibilities of resolving the situation. Unexpected life situations addressed by social policy, which is also solvable through its tools, job loss or inability to continue to engage in employment. Both options associated with a decrease in working capacity, which addresses social policy through the provision of disability pensions. These covers Czech Social Security Administration through district administrations throughout the country. The State influences the amount of disability pensions minimum the setting of wages, the basis of assessment, determination of the percentage amount of disability pension, including its reduction limits or minimum time required insurance. The aforementioned indicators in the calculation of invalidity pension, which becomes a very individual matter, but is influenced by the rules of 441,000 persons receiving this pension, which in the third. stage reaches an average amount of 10 262 CZK. With this funding slightly higher than the minimum wage, individuals must manage and deal with the new situation. Economic impacts caused by unexpected life situation affects not only the individual himself, but also its surroundings. To eliminate these negative economic impacts serve other instruments of social policy that could improve the financial situation. However, this is a significant administrative burden for which the required knowledge about the possibilities, which include care allowances, mobility allowances, certificate of persons with disabilities, but also the opportunity to appeal against the decision of the Czech Social Security Administration to withdraw and so improve its economic situation.
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Level of graphomotor skills of preschool children before entering elementary school
Dousková, Eliška ; Kropáčková, Jana (advisor) ; Rychlíková, Marie (referee)
There are currently increasingly debated issues of entering the schooling, especially in the terms of levels of preparedness to enter the first grade and the school's requirements on the first- graders. This is due to a large number of often complex changes which the entrance into the first grade means for the children and their families. It is the best for the first-graders do all these changes without undue frustration, it is necessary that their physical, mental and neural development and readiness were on sufficient level. Because of extensiveness of this topic, only the part of it was selected for this thesis, as its name says: The level of graphomotor skills of preschool children before entering elementary school. The area of graphomotor skills is presented in the context of writing skills throughout this thesis. The legislative definition of compulsory school attendance and the issue of writing as an essential part of literacy is covered within the theoretical part. The topic of entry into the first grade and the school preparedness of children are explained. The area of graphomotor skills in the terms of the development, in the terms of relation to the coarse and fine motor skills, laterality and external conditions which affect graphomotor skills is covered in detail. The significance...
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