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Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness
Beneš, Martin ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Bermel, Neil Halford Andrew (referee) ; Dolník, Juraj (referee)
Introduction to the Theory of Language Correctness. The theme of this Thesis is the novel conceptualization of the subject field, which is, in the Czech context, traditionally dealt with within the theory of language cultivation, from the perspective of the so-called ontological "socialism" (esp. Itkonen, 1978; 2003). The first two chapters explain why the subject field of the (theory of) language cultivation is to be newly approached from this very perspective. The conceptual discussion in the first chapter identifies three underresearched factors (reaction of the Protectorate elites to the Nazi occupation policy; variety-based approach to the "language" and physicalism) that had negative effect to the debate on these questions and therefore they should not be taken into consideration; the terminological discussion in the second chapter supports the claim that it is not suitable to associate the traditional term (theory of) language cultivation with this novel conceptualization. The third chapter introduces in detail the so-called ontological "socialism" according to which there are not only spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language means, but also non-spatiotemporal entities, i.e. language rules qua actually existing social facts, in the subject field of linguistics. The fourth chapter provides a...
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The management of language maintenance and shift in the Czech language community in Chicago
Štěpánová, Marie ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
The Master's thesis The management of language maintenance and shift in the Czech language community in Chicago examines (based on the analysis of the transcript of more than twenty hours of recordings of testimonies of thirteen speakers from Czech-speaking areas of western peripheries of American Chicago who have been living outside the Czech countries for more than forty years) the issues of language maintenance, transmission to future generations, and language shift in the expatriate community. The work analyses the environment and diverse situations of possible contact with the Czech language, reflected by the speakers, as well as the importance of national institutions (such as expatriate associations, minority schools, Czech parishes, etc.) for language maintenance of individuals. Respondents reflect also the conditions under which they were able to pass the Czech language to succeeding generations." It analyses testimonies of Czech Americans on what reactions they have received on language features showing their origin (such as foreign accent and name) and what assimilation strategies they used to moderate such stigma. The project examines, from the perspective of simple language management, how bilingual skills and the identity of respondents interact in a research interview.
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Linguistics in the field of special education
Majerová, Radka ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
Lingvistika je představena v aplikaci na řešení obtíží u lidí s jazykovým hendikepem, kteří se nacházejí ve speciálně pedagogickém prostředí. Ve výzkumu a rehabilitaci jazykových symptomů se nazývá klinickou lingvistikou. Klinická lingvistika kooperuje v multidisciplinárním kontextu s psycholingvistikou a neurolingvistikou. Práce nastiňuje potřebnost klinické lingvistiky také v českém měřítku. Je analyzována diagnóza vývojová anartrie u celoživotně nemluvících lidí s dětskou mozkovou obrnou. Vývojová anartrie je dosti častou diagnózou ve speciálním školství. Vyjevuje se její nedostatečný popis klinickou logopedií a potřeba její analýzy z klinicko-lingvistického hlediska. U vývojové anartrie je odhaleno druhotné narušení jazykových funkcí, sekundární dysfázie. Sekundární dysfázie u vývojové anartrie se manifestuje na všech jazykových rovinách, práce tuto manifestaci ukazuje. Inteligentní lidé s vývojovou anartrií se ocitají v situaci pozdní akvizice mateřského jazyka, který produkčně uchopují pouze ve formě psané řeči. Mají dílčí percepční obtíže. Fatální nemožnost mluvené produkce jim zapříčiňuje subvokální vnitřně řečový deficit. Je diskutován potenciál těchto lidí osvojovat jazyk v procesu pozdní akvizice, diskuze je uvedena v kontextu světového výzkumu o otázkách maturace a kritických period....
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: The acquisition of the article by Czech learners of Dutch as a foreign language
Ungermannová, Eva ; Pekelder, Jan (advisor) ; Rezková, Iva (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the phenomenon of learning Dutch as a foreign language. The paper draws upon the fundamental theories and methods associated with applied linguistics on second language acquisition, in particular on the interlanguage hypothesis. The theoretical basis to this study comes from psycholinguistic processes that accompany the second language acquisition, such as language transfer, fossilization, overgeneralization and variability. This section is followed by a brief summary of the theory of the Dutch article, in contrast with an outline on how definiteness and indefiniteness are expressed in Czech. The paper also mentions some recent findings on article acquisition by second language learners. The practical part describes and analyses a small corpus of written utterances by Czech students who followed courses of Dutch language and literature at three Czech universities. The corpus consists of utterances made by speakers at two levels of language proficiency. The thesis seeks to observe the differences between lower intermediate and upper intermediate students. The research focuses mainly on general tendencies in article use. Various factors that influence the use of this grammatical category are discussed. Based on the collected data, a number of hypotheses are formulated,...
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Teaching English through English
Smejkalová, Julie ; Uličná, Klára (advisor) ; Žďárek, Karel (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the role of the target language in foreign language teaching. The objective of the thesis is to discuss the influence of teaching English by means of the target language on communicative competence of young learners. The theoretical part elaborates the theoretical principles that concern employment of the target language in teaching. Futhermore, it analyses the factors influencing foreign language learning, discusses the possibility of language acquisition in the classroom and studies the influence of using the target language as the language of communication and instruction. Subsequently, it provides synchronic and diachronic analysis of L2 and L1 use in English language teaching methodology. In conclusion, the theoretical part evaluates the benefits of teaching by means of the target language, anticipates some risks and problems concerned with teaching exclusively by means of the target language and proposes techniques for maximization of the target language use. The semi-quantitative research studies the issue of the role of the target language in the classroom on the basis of monitoring a sample of teachers of Czech primary schools. Primarily, it investigates the amount of comprehensible input that young learners are provided with and means that teachers employ in...
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Poor readers
Rusnáková, Kristýna ; Presslerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of poor readers in the context of reading comprehension. Poor readers are diverse group of readers, who are inferior to normal-reading peers in various aspects of reading. Reading comprehension is crucial skill in the process of acquiring, learning and using informations from every area of human activity. The aim of this thesis is to generally map the concept of poor readers and to identify specific problems shown by poor readers in reading comprehension tests. The theoretical part presents the concepts of mapping the issue, such as literacy, educational methods, reading comprehension. The main part focuses on the characteristics and specifics of poor readers in the context of the simple view of reading. Apart from this, other types of readers such as dyslectisc and poor comprehenders are described and compared to poor readers. The practical section is based on GAČR project - Reading comprehension - typical development and its risks, carried out by PedF UK, in which I took part. The objective is to analyze decoding and reading comprehension test results of fourth graders. This study attempts to identify a group of children with both decoding and reading comprehension difficulties (usually referred to garden variety poor readers). Moreover, the decision will...
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Onomatopoia in Czech Children's Literature
Bartošová, Helena ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
(in English) Onomatopoeic Expressions in Czech are often connected with a children's literature or child-directed speech. This thesis reflects the function of onomatopoeic interjections from both above mentioned points of view and adds another possible approaches. The thesis theoretically summarizes onomatopoeic interjection findings in Czech linguistic books and articles which refer about them. Furthermore, it depicts the area of sound symbolism, more reflected in the world than in the Czech linguistics, and some of its particular aspects, e.g. its typology and selected grammar phenomena observed in the Czech onomatopoeic expressions. Following chapter presents a basic context of the child language acquisition and brings some explanations of using onomatopoeic expressions in the child-directed speech. The wide meaning of particular Czech expressions from the case study is also presented. We follow correspondences of particular onomatopoeic expressions, received firstly from the study of language acquisition of the Czech child in one-word phase, and secondly from manually collected sample of the Czech children's literature narrowed to the period from 1 to 3 years of age. Changes of meaning, some grammar aspects and contextual manifestations are indicated, together with attached notes to the graphic...
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Integration programmes for immigrant children in the Czech Republic and Great Britain
Tůmová, Lenka ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Farrell, Mark Robert (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with immigration integration politics and programmes of the Czech Republic and the Great Britain, with the main focus on the integration of immigrant children into the society and education system. The work is divided into two parts: each one gives information about Czech and British immigration history and development, integration policies, and the main issues that each of the country is dealing with. All the information and data used in the text come from the latest research and from updated source documents.
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