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Factors affecting the nitrogen compounds removal process in specific types of wastewater
Radechovský, Josef ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Abstract:
This work summarizes the current knowledge about removing of nitrogen compounds from wastewater using non-traditional biological methods. They include for example process of nitritation/denitritation and a process of deammonification. Special innovative biological methods are economically advantageous because of savings of oxygen for the oxidation of N-ammon and organic substrate for the formation of N2.
Achieving of accumulation of nitrites (achieving of shortcut nitrification) due to suppression of nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) is the basis of methods mentioned above. Stable shortcut nitrification is influenced by many factors and achieving of this process in a low-strength wastewater is still problematic, so some new procedures how to optimize it are investigated. This was also the main aim of research that was realized at the Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition of the Czech university of Life Sciences in Prague.
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Strucutre and disturbance regime of the natural spruce mountain forests in the Fagaras Mts. in Romania
Sýkora, Ondřej ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janda, Pavel (referee)
There is a large natural disturbance in spruce stands at the present moment in many European countries. Therefore understanding of the long-term natural processes and the impact of disturbances on the structure have a key role in the management of spruce forests. For this purpose, we have studied the structure and the historical regime mountains, which is one of the best preserved forest ecosystems in the Europe. Between 2011 and 2013 years we have founded nearly 50 research spots in the four valleys where we collected data on the structure of the forest. For purposes of reconstruction of disturbances history samples from almost 3 500 individuals of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were taken. Data were analyzed with dendrochronological methods and descriptive statistics. Partial synchronization of disturbances with the valleys and the subsequent rise in the regeneration was detected, which shows the influence of disturbances evoked by wind and then, probably, by the increasing population of bark beetles. We noticed the importance of the disturbances (weak - strong), which directly influences the structure and creates the mosaic diversity of vegetation. The history of the oldest areas goes back for 400 years, and for the youngest - for 100 years. The volume of the deadwood in the valleys was approximately 135 m3. Overall, on the investigated spots 1380 individuals of regeneration with dominating recovery of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were recorded, with the proportion of 76 %.
Our results show that the disturbances are partially synchronized with the landscape level and also on the level of each valley, and have a major impact on the structure and dynamic of the forest. Natural disturbances are the main factor affecting the natural regeneration of spruce forests.
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Specialities in insurance market regulation
Zálešáková, Ivana ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor)
Insurance market regulation is complicated topic especially because of the view differences and its width. Insurance market is part of financial systém and has two main roles. The first one is the role of passive actor as money administrator for clients and the second and more important one as active participant of business on whole financial market -- business partner and investor. Due to this, minimal partial regulation is needed. Insurance market is managed by the law n. 277/2009 with touch in European directive Solvency I. ČNB is in charge of controlling the insurance market in Czech Republic. Czech national bank deals with controlling and implementation of new regulation requirements. Insurance companies from the countries of the European Union are controlled by home supervisors and have only information duty to Czech national bank. At this moment Solvency II is in implementation process in countries of EU. Solvency II is structured by bank regulation directive Basel II that is based on risk management. Newly implemented capital requirements calculation is joined with sophisticated risk models, which contain every quantifiable risk. Solvency II requires also big changes in companies' internal processes and it takes huge amount of cost. Especially new qualified staff, upgraded software and new administrative process. Small insurance companies are protesting against Solvency II. The biggest problems are capital requirements which are too high for this companies and they are afraid of losing competitiveness and their downfall. Some updates are expected after implementation of Solvency II and evaluation of the forthcoming effects. This can show new ways in insurance market regulation to future.
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Analysis of sheep utility attributes in Valachian sheep in selected flock.
Habětínová, Kateřina ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The aim of my Diploma thesis was to evaluate a basic reproductive, milky and growth characters of sheep tribe Wallachian sheep in the chosen facility. The monitoring of the reproductive fiures has been made in years 2012, 2013 and 2014. There have not been shown any results for the year 2015, that is why these particular figures are not explicit. The measures of reproductive figures of Wallachian sheep were compared to the average of Czech republic. The evaluation of the figures given at the chosen farm has had a good results in all four evaluated figures (fertilization, fertility, intensity and nursling).
The evaluation of an utility value processed in 2015. The milk production in order of the milk utility value (% fat, % proteins, % kasein, % lactose, % TPS, % solilds) has been dependent from the authority of mother sheep as well as the influence of the countability of farrow.
The influence of mother sheep´s age on the milk production has had a demonstrable influence mainly on the milk sicking and the percentage of fatty solids (TPS). The best results have been achieved on three aged sheep and the worst results on five aged sheep. At the percentage of proteins and kasein there has also been fount the explicit impact of mother´s age. Differences have been measured also on the fat percentage, milk and solid with a statistically provable measures.
The impact of a farrow´s countability on the milk utility has been proved in milk sicking. Mothers with geminus sicked in average 93 g milk more. This difference was apparent on the level of detectability P < 0,05.
The evaluation of meat utility processed in the year 2015 where the birth weight of lambs and their growth abilities (40, 70, 100 and 140 days of age) were measured.
Sex influence on meat utility has been statistically demonstrable on the weight at the age of 70 and 140 days. In both cases the fleeces showed biger weight. Also another measurements have showed the gaps between the weight of fleeces and lambs on the fleeces´s behalf.
The mother´s age influence on meat utility has not been statistically proved in any of figures although the measured figures have been slightly rising.
The results can serve as a preparation or adaptation of these sheep cultivation as well as an improvement of their utility.
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Comparison of various methods monitoring insect diversity in sown flower strips and neighboring fields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape
Kolařík, David ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
In this study we deal with comparison of insect monitoring methods on flowering strip, wheat and oilseed rape. The experiment is located at two study sites: Crop Research Institute at Ruzyně and Experiment unit of Czech University of Life Sciences in Uhříněves. The experiment was carried out in 2015.
To make monitoring we utilized sweeping net, Möricke yellow traps, transect counting and as a supplementary method we utilized light trap. Monitoring was done in 25 of June, 16 of July and 12 of August 2015. These dates were chosen because of flowering of the strip which was the most important issue in this study. As a result of this the insect diversity in other almost harvested variants was quite low.
The most important insect species quantities were collected from Möricke traps in all three variants. But this fact could be naturally based on the attractivity of the yellow color, so we can´t reliably say, if in out of bloom rape or wheat could be present this high amount of insect or if it is only being attracted by color of the trap from the neighborhood.
The second method with the highest insect occurrence was sweeping net. Again the highest species diversity was described from the flowering strip.
The lowest amount of insects was noted in transect counting. This method has (contrastingly to the others) disadvantage in the high possibility of fail to detect small insect, which are normally noticed by the other methods.
Light trap monitored about the highest species number, where the majority of species belong to order Lepidoptera. That sway this method was employed only to enrich the species diversity.
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The Importance of a Delegation for an Effective Management
Mareš, Jiří ; Horáková, Jana (advisor) ; Venclová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of delegation for effective management in organizations. The theoretical part focuses on the importance
of the process of delegation. The chapters deal with what is the main focus
of the delegation and what kind of benefits the process brings. This thesis also shows
the effective methodology of process delegation and there are identified barriers
of delegation, which do not allow the managers to split work with the employees.
The thesis presents characteristic of a manager, his personality and activities. The practical part is research on the importance of delegating with senior managers and employees
at the company ERGO, a. s. In the theoretical part is a literature review of professional literature and other articles. The practical part is processed by means of qualitative research. The structured interview is based only with open questions
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E-learning support of lifelong learning
Dlabal, Lukáš ; Husa, Jiří (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled "E-learning support of lifelong learning" is focused on creating
e-learning course for professional competence in electrical engineering using LMS Moodle
system for employees and PhD students of Faculty of Engineering Czech University of
Life Sciences in Prague. The first part deals with the theoretical basis of the problem, the
concepts of lifelong learning and e-learning course, LMS systems. Then is electric technical competence with various levels of expertise. Thus they describe themselves substrates for creating e-learning course. At the beginning of his work is explained by objective and methodology, as well as its target group and the very concept of developing the course. They are discussed various thematic areas of the course in terms of teaching didactics and expertise. In the chapter result, this course is submitted by several participants, who have made known - piloting. Finally, the whole course given to the person at the Faculty of Engineering Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague carries out educational activities in the area.
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Factors affecting job performance in the selected company
Rysová, Kateřina ; Kříž, Josef (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the factors that affect the job performance of the selected organization. In particular, the issues of motivation to work. The aim is to analyze the current level of motivation processes in Zepter International s.r.o., detect problem areas and propose possible solutions, which should help to improve the situation.
The first part consists of a literature review, which describes the main tasks and objectives of human resources management. There is also specified term of job performance and the factors that affect the performance are described in detail. Finally this part describes the problems of motivation, motivation theories and motivation to work.
The second part is based on the practical application of theoretical knowledge in the form of preparation and processing of the survey. Furthermore, all results of a questionnaire and analyzed on the basis of the identified problem areas in the process of motivating personnel department Warehouse and Service Center. In conclusion, there are recommended guidelines to improve problem areas, whose introduction is designed to positively influence the motivation of employees.
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Abundance of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and other synantropic species in rural settlements
Havel, Martin ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Petr (referee)
The thesis analyses the quantity of eleven species of synanthropic birds. These species include House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), European Greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), European Serin (Serinus serinus), Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros), European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Common Linnet (Cardielis cannabinal), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), and Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). The thesis focuses especially on House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), whose quantity has been decreasing in Czech Republic. The collection of data took place in 2012, 2014 and 2015, from April to June. The census was taken by ten people by means of a modified quick mapping method. The census took place in 180 villages located in eight regions of the Czech Republic. Only villages with population bellow 2000 were included. Two types of counting areas were set in these villages. The counting areas were squares of 100 x 100 metres. There were 229 areas of the first type, placed in ordinary built-up areas. Areas of the second type were set on grounds of factory farms, there were 151 of them. The main aim of the thesis was to find out whether the presence of a factory farm affects quantity of the studied bird species, and to determine which additional environmental factors affect the quantity. The analysed factors included the type of the biotope (a built-up area or a farm factory), location of the census, distance from the village edge, distance from the farm factory, proportion of built-up areas, and proportion of green vegetation. It was further investigated whether the quantity in built-up areas is affected by the presence of poultry, and whether the quantity in farm factories is affected by the functionality (or non-functionality) of the farm factory. It was proved that the overall quantity of all species was significantly affected by the type of biotope, proportion of built-up area and of green vegetation, and the location of the census. The quantity of House Sparrow was affected by the same factors, though the influence of the type of biotope was not proved. The average quantities from built-up areas and from the grounds of the farm factories did not differ significantly in the case of House Sparrow. The quantity of European Tree Sparrow, however, was significantly higher on the grounds of factory farms than in built-up areas. The influence of the presence of poultry in built-up areas on the overall quantity of all species also proved to be significant. The functionality of farm factories significantly influenced the quantity of all species on the grounds of the factory farms. This influence proved to be the most significant in case of House Sparrow and White Wagtail. In both cases, much higher quantity was detected on the grounds of functional farm factories than non-functional ones.
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Mollusca of the Czech Republic
Rindtová, Dita ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Křivská, Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor work Mollusca of the Czech Republic deals with basic information about molluscs occurring in the Czech Republic. In the research part of my work I deal with the anatomy of their bodies, shells and life cycles characteristic for the main representatives. In general characterization the work mentions endangered species listed in the Red List. Furthermore, the research part deals with ecology focused on shellfish incidence depending on the conditions of the ecosystem, introduction, and the methods of mollusc importance to humans.
The aim of the practical part was a faunal survey of selected localities contaminated by a man. This research was carried out in selected localities near the town of Příbram. It was the firsta research focused on the incidence of molluscs in these areas. The methodology of sample collection was carried out according to common methods of collecting molluscs and it is more specified in the work.
The own research was focused on characterisation of the areas (5 localities) where the collection was carried out. Thus there was formed a systematic overview of acquired kinds of terrestrial representatives according to designated habitats, taxonomic classification and specific characterisation of the species. A total of 514 individuals were processed belonging to 26 species of molluscs. The most numerous family had Vrásenkovití (Discidae) where the number of representatives climbed to 82 individuals. On the contrary Oxychilidae family, Skleněnkovití (Vitrinidae) and Melampovití (Ellobiidae) occured the least. There was found only one individual of each family.
In the last part of my work I deal with comparison of my research to the previous research carried out in Kokořínsko Reserve. This area has similar climatic conditions and the features of the ecosystems. The result of the comparison corresponds to the variability of the species found here.
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