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The use of (nano)oxides for metal and metalloid stabilization in contaminated soils
Michálková, Zuzana ; Komárek, Michael (advisor) ; Luke, Luke (referee)
The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the potential of selected Mn and Fe (nano)oxides for the stabilization of metals and metalloids in contaminated soils. The research was focused basically on three materials - commercial nanomaghemite (Fe III), nanomagnetite (Fe II,III) and a synthetic amorphous Mn oxide (AMO). The main aim of the work was to provide a complex view on the chosen stabilizing amendments regarding not just their direct influence on contaminants mobility and stabilization mechanisms, but also their stability and alterations in soil conditions together with influence on soil microorganisms and higher plants. Firstly, adsorption properties of the tested materials towards Cd, Cu, Pb and As were investigated. In this context, the most effective material showed to be the AMO reaching one to two orders of magnitude higher adsorption capacities than Fe III and Fe II,III under given experimental conditions. Interestingly, the rate of As(V) adsorption onto AMO was increasing with increasing pH as a result of high pHzpc of the AMO (8.1) and significant dissolution of this phase at lower pH values. As a next step, the influence of (nano)oxides on metal(loid)s mobility and other physico-chemical soil characteristics after application to contaminated soil was examined. Again, the AMO proved to be the most efficient in reducing mobile pools of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As. On the other hand, Fe III and Fe II,III addition had generally less significant effects on contaminants mobility. AMO application further resulted in an increase of soil pH connected with AMO dissolution and unwanted decomposition of soil organic matter. When (nano)oxides alterations in soil conditions were observed, MnCO3 coatings were identified on AMO surface while no significant changes were recorded for Fe III and Fe II,III. As the MnCO3 formation was connected with increased AMO stability, AMO particles synthetically covered with MnCO3 coating (denoted as SM AMO) were prepared. Although the SM-AMO had a lower mass loss in soil than pure AMO, the stabilizing efficiency was almost the same for both materials. The differences in surface composition of both materials were decreasing with time as MnCO3 naturally precipitated on the AMO surface in soils while the SM AMO coating was gradually dissolving. When investigating the effect on soil microbiota, AMO efficiently promoted soil microbial activity while no significant changes were observed in the case of Fe III and Fe II,III. The AMO was also able to reduce the uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), eliminate Zn phytotoxicity symptoms and increase biomass yield. On the other hand, toxic levels of Mn released from the AMO in an acidic soil were found in sunflower tissues. AMO application is thus recommended for contaminated neutral or slightly alkaline pH with a higher cation exchange capacity in order to avoid unwanted release of Mn. Finally, various types of AMO-biochar composite sorbents were recently prepared and field experiment focused on stabilization of Cd, Pb, Zn and As using studied materials is currently under preparation. The combined results from the thesis highlight the importance of a complex experimental approach dealing with all parts of the contaminated soil environment in order to obtain complete information about the efficiency and usefulness of any newly developed stabilizing amendment.
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Analysis of sheep utility attributes in ecological and conventional flocks in the Czech Republic
Linhartová, Iveta ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis was to perform an analysis of sheep breeding of Suffolk breed in basic reproductive performance and meat production traits aspects. The information for rating these aspects was used from two farms. The first of them used conventional way of breeding (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo) and the second one used ecological way (EkofarmaKosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.).
Fertilization, fertility, intensity and rearing belong among monitored reproductive indicators. These reproductive indicators are expressed in percentages. Regarding meat production traits rating in this thesis we compared influences of year of lambing, farming method, birth month, sex, litter size and age of dam. All these influences were judge according to birth weight (kg), weight at the age of 100 days (kg), average growth (g), depth of the longest dorsal muscle (mm) and according to depth of subcutaneous fat (mm). Reproductive performance and meat production were monitored in years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.
In terms of reproductive performance with a few exceptions it was true that ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo reached the best values, and in most cases better than the national average. For example in terms of intensity values in 2012 ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo had 35,9% better results compared to national average. In the same year this farm reached 48,1% higher values of percentage rearing compared to national average. Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. showed worse performances, however it was in most cases better than national average. In terms of intensity in 2011 Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. had the same results as the ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo. Meat production properties were supported by statistical calculations and all of them were conclusive at least at the level of significance P < 0,05 in all cases except month of birth effect on birth weight. The best results of meat production in terms of effect of lambing had the year 2012, when the birth weight was one of the highest and the other properties (weight at the age of 100 days, average growth, depth of the longest dorsal muscle, depth of subcutaneous fat) were by far the highest in the period of 2011-2015. Next we found out that the ecological way of breeding (in this case Ekofarma Kosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.) has better results than the conventional way (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo).
The effect of birthmonth has the significant influence on the indicators of meat production and the lambs born in April had the best results. In the case of sex rams are better. Litter size has very important influence on meat production the more lambs per one mother, the lower
birth weights, the lower weights until the period of weaning, the lower weights at the age of 100 days. It is affected by milkiness of the mother. Moreover, the age of mothers also play a significant role. In our research the highest birth weights had lambs of one year old mothers and all other indicators were the highest in the case of three year old dams.
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Characteristics important for ensuring of sustainable and development of dairy cattle herds breeding
Lelek, Jaroslav ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of this dissertation was to assess the influence of characteristics important for
ensuring of sustainable and development of dairy cattle herds breeding. The data investigated
describe approximately 5138 dairy cows in period of four years in selected farming´s of dairy
cattle in district of Jičín. There were these indicators of reproduction processed: conception
rate after first insemination, conception rate after all inseminations, interval of insemination,
index of insemination, service period and meantime; the data were collected from seven
stables of Bohemian Spotted cattle and from seven stables of Holstein cattle. The longevity
was investigated from the number of dairy cows at respective lactation of both investigated
breeds and from the average lactation in respective years. The results of investigation prove
that the average percentage representation of dairy cow at respective lactation between
2012-2015 ranged 33,4 % at first lactation, and 24,68 % at second lactation, and 18,13 %
at third lactation, and 11,48 % at fourth lactation, and 6,53 % at fifth lactation, and 3,32 %
at sixth lactation, and 2,36 % at seventh and more lactations.
The evident data from comparison prove, that till third lactation there is higher percentage
representation of Holstein cattle and from third lactation there are more cows of Bohemian
Spotted cattle, and also the average reached lactation confirms this the value of 2,75 lactation
for Bohemian Spotted cattle and the value of 2,3 lactation for Holstein cattle. The influence of
breed on the average length of lactation was quite weak. The results of rating indicators of
reproduction also have not proven any statistically important difference between both types of
cattle as concerns values reached by each cattle, but the original Bohemian Spotted cattle
reached better results in all indicators, and thus it is probably more suitable for the area of
district Jičín.
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Comparison of Taxation Wages of an Employee Under the Coarse and Gross wage
Staníčková, Lenka ; Kuchařová, Ivana (advisor) ; Lenka, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the comparison of taxation of wages of an employee under gross and super-gross wage. In 2016 the government plans to repeal the tax base super-gross wage and restore the calculation of income tax from the gross income. Renewals for 2016 is to increase the tax rate from 15% to 19%.
The practical part is devoted to the characteristics of the company Metaxo s. r. o., which deals with metalworking for agricultural entities. The practical part on examples are compared wage calculation mode super-gross wage and gross wage. In wages they are reflected in other related changes that are related to changes in calculation of tax bases. This is a rate increase for payment of health insurance for employees, increasing tax benefits for second and subsequent child and changes to the calculation of execution and insolvency rainfall.
The aim is to examine the implications that affect workers, employers and health insurers and other organizations and the state budget. Model examples are applied to wages from practice.
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Analysis of the Greece Economy in Comparison with the Czech Republic
Pláničková, Jitka ; Svoboda, Roman (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis assesses the economic situation of Greece and its comparison with economic of the Czech Republic. Thesis analyses the development of macroeconomic indicators in Greece and Czech Republic and for better understanding, in selected countries of the European Union.
In the theoretical part, thesis describes the individual indicators and provides information about how are the indicators measured. The analytical part deals with the Greece economy in comparison with economy of Czech Republic. The assessed period is from the year 2003 to 2015. For the comparative part of this diploma thesis, macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation, unemployment, balance of trade, were used. For better view, comparison of both countries in particular indicator is followed by description of the situation for selected countries of European Union.
In the final part of the thesis, a conclusion is assessed using results from individual subchapters. Thesis concludes similarities and differences between compared countries based on development of selected indicators and country ratings.
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The unemployment rate in Písek district in the years 2004 – 2014 and the role of the Labou Office
Maximová, Karina ; Borská, Jana (advisor) ; Pavla, Pavla (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with unemployment in Písek district in 2004 - 2014.
The analysis of unemployment is divided into individual categories - age, sex, education, and others. At the same time, analyzes of selected categories of job seekers in the Czech Republic and South Region. Based on the individual analysis is the comparison of the unemployment situation in the various categories. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the instruments of active employment policies that enhance employability of job seekers in the labor market. In conclusion, the thesis are proposed recommendations that could streamline processes within the Labour Office.
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Labour costs and benefits in the selected company
Kunová, Martina ; Šišková, Jitka (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
The thesis titled is focused on the issues of wage costs and employee benefits.
Literary research of the thesis defines basic terms, which are related to labor costs and employee benefits. Within the scope of the term wage costs, the core meaning of wages is captured, both in terms of wages of the employees, as well as in terms of the employer. Wages, salaries and bonuses are the basic evaluation of the workload of each employee of the given company.
A payroll system is created within each company, in which the basic ranges of the labor costs for the whole hierarchy of employees is determined. Each employee has his position and job description and these two principles are correctly evaluated. Firm rules are set for the calculation of net earnings, which are determined by a costing calculation and the percentage rate of the social insurance, health insurance and advances on income tax of individuals from employment.
Other possibilities of eligible employees beyond basic gross salary are employee benefits. This is a form of employee motivation in every society. Not only are they of great importance for employees, they are also an appropriate component of tax optimization from the perspective of the employer. In terms of the law on income tax, employee benefits are divided into three groups according to their impact on the tax and contribution advantages. Companies can then use these tax savings for their further development, or alternatively, for the expansion of the provision of employee benefits in society.
The practical part of the thesis is based on the literature search. First, it focuses on the analysis of payroll costs for the period from 2004 to 2014. The calculation of wages is done for three different income groups of employees in the selected organization. It monitors the evolution of net wages and payments of taxes on income of individuals from employment during the reporting period. There are various recognized methods of calculation of wages according to individual changes of the law during the reporting period.
The next step in the practical part of the thesis describes the system of employee benefits in the selected organization. Part of my own work is a survey among the employees of the company on this issue. The obtained data are analyzed and processed into clear graphs. The acquired results are the basis for the creation of proposals and recommendations for changes in the provision of employee benefits for the selected organization.
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Evaluation of the Insurance Rate Development in Social Security in the Czech Republic
Sladká, Štěpánka ; Kukalová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Eva, Eva (referee)
Thesis topic was chosen Assessment of development of social security in the Czech Republic. The work is divided into two parts. The first theoretical part includes the history of social insurance in Czechoslovakia, its development and description of the current situation in the context of the rules which the social insurance in the Czech Republic has passed. The second part is an analysis of social insurance from publicly available data, which are transferred into summary tables and graphs. Analyzed the number of payers of insurance premiums, income and expenditure on social security, debt structure and success of premium collection. The final section is an assessment of the current social insurance system in the Czech Republic are proposals to increase income, thus to stabilize the system of social insurance premiums.
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Legislation and implementation of distraint procedures in Czech Republic
Holzknechtová, Denisa ; Hájková, Ivana (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The Masters thesis is titled Legislation and implementation of distraint procedures in Czech Republic. The theoretical part explains the concepts that relate to issues including specifics of a bailiffs office and the Czech Republics Chamber of Bailiffs. The process of distraint from the beginning until the seizure and termination is then fully depicted. Description of methods by which such distraints may be carried out, including the costs and fees of the bailiff are also covered. In the practical part are evaluated statistically the number ordered and completed foreclosures in the 2010-2015 period, including influences on her work immediately. The practical part of thesis contains statistically evaluated numbers of ordered and completed constraints during the years from 2010 to 2015, inlcuding influences that they may correlate with. Subsequently, an analysis of two homogeneous regions was carried in the sense that unemployment rate, criminal activity and social benefit payments are often at the beginning of the indebtedness and the consequent execution order. The practical part ends with an evaluated existing legislation, including its amendments and practical examples that are currently becoming a tradition.
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The Maastricht Criteria and their perfomance in the Czech Republic
Průša, Miroslav ; Urbánková, Erika (advisor) ; Jitka, Jitka (referee)
This thesis on the topic of perfomance the Maastricht criteria in the Czech Republic is paid to the analysis of the fulfillment of the Maastricht criteria by the Czech Republic for the period 2001 - 2014 and analysis of pairwise correlation and regression relationship between long-term interest rates and growth of the gross domestic product in the Czech Republic for various periods at different models. This thesis first deals with theoretical as regards economic and monetary union, the Eurosystem, the euro area and the Maastricht criteria. Within the theoretical basis thesis explains the advantages and disadvantages of monetary union for the Czech Republic. Analytical part is divided into two blocks. The first block analyzes the performance of individual Maastricht criteria by the Czech Republic in the period 2001 -2014 and outlines possible performance in future years. The second block of the analytical part focuses on the pair correlation and regression analysis between long-term interest rates and growth of the gross domestic product in the Czech Republic for various periods at different models. Chapter Results and discussion, together with the conclusion of the thesis summarizes the individual results and findings.
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