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Phrasems in Norwegian and Czech - A Comparison from the Cognitive Linguistics Perspective
Payneová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Commented translation: La peur du loup (G. Carbone, Gallimard, Paris 1993, p. 13-52)
Nenutil, Libor ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
The submitted bachelor thesis Commented translation: La peur du loup consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The practical one is presented by a translation of selected chapters of the book La peur du loup by Geneviève Carbone. The main objective of this edu-cational publication is to provide information about wolves to the widest group of readers possible. The theoretical part is focused on a text analysis of the original French text. It also provides commentary of different problems caused during the process of translation and used methods and solutions. Keywords Wolf, fear, text analysis, commented translation, translation problems, fiction
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Wolves and Wolfdog-hybrids
Zahradníková, Jitka ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This thesis focuses on interspecies crossbreeding of wolves with other canids, especially dogs. The canids can mate and produce a fertile offspring. If the local conditions and etological barriers do not hinder, the hybrids in this area can spread out and endanger the original wolf population, especially when an introgression into the wolf population appears. The Red wolf is especially threatened by mating with coyotes and the Ethiopian wolf especially threatened by mating with domesticated dogs.
The process of cross-breeding took place previously in the early days of domestication. This is not surprising, because dogs of this time and wolves were not morphologically different. In history people were involved in intentional cross-breeding of those species. Either in order to improve the former dogs or experimentally at the zoo in order to get any data about cross-breeds. The hybrids of F1 (first filial generation) were then described as unmanageable and inappropriate for breeding in domestic conditions.
Today there are only few experts that would pursue crossing wolves and dogs. Little is known of successful cases of cross-breeding wolf and dog in captivity in the current conditions in the Czech Republic. The specialist concludes from this that even in our wild nature, where the domestic dogs do not run free, the presence of hybrids is not very likely. Some ethological barriers, such as the process of estrus in wolves and dogs, significantly lower the probability of the presence of cross-breeding in the wild.
Most data about the process of the intentional cross-breeding of the wolf and dog in captivity in the conditions of the former Czechoslovakia are known from the beginning of creation of the breed Czechoslovakian wolfdog. This breed arose as a result of the original research obtaining data about cross-breeding wolves and dogs. Total number of matings of wolf and dog was only four and there was always shown to be a high non-uniformity of the F1 generation.
There are other dog breeds that arose from mating wolf and dog, but only the Czechoslovakian wolfdog and the Saarlooswolfdog are the only ones registered in the FCI. Their mutual morphological comparison is very interesting, together with comparing them with their ancestor, the Eurasian wolf.
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Testing traits Saarloos wolfdog and Czechoslovakian wolfdog
Peterová, Dalia ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
This thesis is about cognitive behavior of dogs and wolves. It focuses on breeds of Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog, resulting from crossbreeding of a dog and a wolf. The thesis describes their natural behavior and abilities to cooperate and communicate with humans.
The thesis repeats series of behavioral experiments performed on dogs and wolfs described by Ádám Miklósi in his study from 2003 "A Simple Reason for a Big Difference: Wolves Do Not Look Back at Humans, but Dogs Do". We were interested to know how these particular crossbreeds would behave in the same model situations, thus we tested them on the Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs and Saarlooswolfdogs.
The first study shows whether the subjects are able to locate hidden food indicated by a known gesture of a human experimenter. The second study examines whether the subject, that is not able to solve a similarly looking task by itself, looks at a human for clues. The dog easily learns how to solve a simple task: opening an object to get to food. And it subsequently faces a similar situation, in which, it is impossible for the dog to resolve it by itself.
These experiments demonstrate that Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog are able to collaborate with humans with similar willingness. There is no statistical difference between these two breeds and the two sexes of these animals.
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Interspecies crosses in the genus Canis
Smejkalová, Kristýna ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This essay has searches charakter and is about Interspecies crosses in the genus Canis.
Top topics are mainly about this speciesis: wolf, coyote, jackales and it mainly gulden jackal.
In this essay are broadly hold two parts. Specifically the first part introduce individual species, which are present bastardization. There are introduce every above mentioned species. For each species is describe appearance, distribution, diet, behavior. For every species is dangerous and CITES and IUCN protection. The second part is Interspecies crosses. In this part are concretely cases interspecies crosses, especially mating between dogs. Exception are wolves and jackals, who can maiting and produce puppies, who are call 'coywolf'. Own name have wolf x dog hybrids, concretely 'wolfdog'. There is not only bastardization between species, but sometimes between some subspecies and this problem have mainly wolves. This caces and problems are for example on The Apennine peninsula.
Interspecies crosses is the most extensive in continent America, mainly in North America. There are encounter wolves and coyotes. But the most explore encounter is between wolves and dogs, whose descendants are fertile and bring unclean gene to purebred animals. Result in this hybridization is unclean gene pool of all population. But wolf and dog hybrid is too in Europe. Proved are for example in Estonia, Latvia and the Caucasus. There is a conflict with stray dogs or pastoral dogs who guard the free-ranging herds of farm animals.
Wolf x dog hybridation is reason of birth of two races like is Czechoslovakia wolfdog and Saarloos wolfdog. On start of both this races was wolf´s females. Interspecies crosses of jackals is not study so much. The most often is breeding with stray dogs or wild dogs. But in Bulgaria are notes about mating between jackal and wolf.
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Reintroduction of giant carnivores in Europe
Říhová, Žofie ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Čapková, Zuzana (referee)
The goal of bachelors thesis on the topic of Reintroduction of Large Carnivores in Europe is to describe current situation in the Czech Republic and other European countries in the matter of occurrence of such animals in comparison to their population in the past. These lands are home to large carnivores such as Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx), Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos).
Furthermore, it is focused on the influence of human activity on the areas of migration of large carnivores. It contains description of the environment and the major causes of reduction in numbers, mentioning the possibilities of protection of their population and options for their return in to wilderness. The thesis includes current success rate of the reintroduction and future goals of the reintroduction programs in the Czech Republic and neighboring European countries.
Next chapter explains the problematic landscape fragmentation and highlights the importance of preservation of the landscape connectivity, mainly its penetrability. Both topics are crucial factors in conservation and sustainability of large carnivore populations. Moreover, it defines locations of the most important migratory corridors in the Czech Republic and their connection to the neighboring states. Procedure to locate these corridors leads to a description of possible biomonitoring methods of the mentioned species based on the occurrence of their footprints, excrements, territory markings and prey remains.
Lastly, the thesis describes the creation of habitat models of large carnivores together with step-by-step instructions. Habitat models serve to determine locations suitable for permanent or temporary residence of examined species, consequently making the selection of the acceptable areas for their reintroduction easier. Resulting models for Czech Republic and neighboring countries can be found in the appendix.
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Knowledge of kindergarten pupils about animal anatomy.
HAMPEJSOVÁ, Barbora
This thesis is about wild animals living in the area Lusatian Mountains, Českolipsko, Dubskaand, Českosaské Švýcarsko, marginally in the Zoopark in Chomutov as a model group in environmental education in kindergarten. The aim is to find out the level of acquainting children with the selected endangered species, to compare how children perceive these animals, to find out how the children receive information about this topic. This research shows the range of available educational materials and auxiliary materials. On this basis there is developed a quality and comprehensive educational method connecting children closer to nature into this particular area. The aim is also from the perspective of contemporary and historic and legendary eliminate wide spread misconceptions and prejudices people against wild endangered animals and trying to clarify them.
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