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Morphometric disparity in European lineages of gobies (Gobiidae)
Bílá, Kristina Beatrix ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Frýdlová, Petra (referee)
Gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes), are a remarkable group of fishes, not only because they are the most species-rich order of bony fishes (Teleostei), but also due to their extraordinary ability to colonize different types of environments. As a consequence, they evolved a variety of morphological shapes. The aim of this work was to reveal whether the European evolutionary lineages of gobies evolved ecomorphs through repeated colonisation of the same types of microhabitats, i.e. whether morphology (body shape) is influenced by niche, and what role convergent evolution plays in adaptation to different types of environments. For this purpose i made quantification and comparison of body shape using the methods of geometric morphometry. The results of this work showed that convergent evolution has occurred in four out of the six ecological groups of studied gobies, i.e., that their shape is influenced by the environment they inhabit and their way of life, regardless of lineage affiliation and phylogenetic relationships. Convergent evolution has been revealed in hyperbenthic, nektonic, marine epibenthic and freshwater epibenthic species. In contrast, convergent evolution has not been proven in euryhaline epibenthic species, nor in cryptobenthic species of gobies. Key words: geometric morphometry,...
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The motivation of participatory journalists in czech TV news programme
Šedivá, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Trunečka, Ondřej (referee)
The following Master's thesis is focused on participatory journalism. Participatory journalism has become an interesting and important part of media production since the invention of Web 2.0. In recent years, the concept of listeners and viewers creating professional news has been used by radio, television and online media all over the world, including Czech television and its ČT24 news programme. Czech TV launched a project called iReportér in 2015. People can send photos or videos of what is happening around them through a mobile application or a website. These materials, checked by editors, may be later used in a broadcast, on the website or on Czech TV social media profiles. The theoretical part of the thesis will explain main concepts necessary for understanding how participatory journalism works. For example, what is convergence, who are the produsers, what is Web 1.0., 2.0. and 3.0. It will describe what the advantages of participatory journalism are and how it is different from citizen journalism. One section will focus on ethics and another on examples of participatory journalism projects abroad and in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, the author will present applied research methods. After that, the author will evaluate data from the questionnaire survey and from in-depth...
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Multilevel methods
Vacek, Petr ; Strakoš, Zdeněk (advisor)
The analysis of the convergence behavior of the multilevel methods is in the literature typically carried out under the assumption that the problem on the coarsest level is solved exactly. The aim of this thesis is to present a description of the multilevel methods which allows inexact solve on the coarsest level and to revisit selected results presented in literature using these weaker assumptions. In particular, we focus on the derivation of the uniform bound on the rate of convergence. Moreover, we discuss the possible dependence of the convergence behavior on the mesh size of the initial triangulation. 41
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What factors underlie gene reuse in adaptation?
Poštulková, Alžběta ; Bohutínská, Magdalena (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
Is the fate of a mutation predictable? The repeatability of evolution may indicate its predictability. If some change has emerged multiple times in the past, it may also occur in the future. Convergent evolution provides a natural model of repeated evolution and suggests the presence of certain constraints. Examination of the genetic processes, that have led to convergent adaptive traits, can contribute to the knowledge of the predictability of evolution. The aim of my work is to summarize the available knowledge about factors affecting gene reuse in adaptation. My work shows that the repeatability of evolution is biased by the genome characteristics, the population characteristics and also the trait encoding complexity. The likelihood of genomic region reuse increases with the amount of emerging mutations affecting the phenotype. Regarding the pleiotropic constraints of gene reuse, the most suitable is a mutation in the cis-regulatory region of the gene on the periphery of the functional pathway. Of the population traits, the greater effective size of the population, the higher standing genetic variation and the lower divergence between populations raise the chance of gene reuse. Despite the dependence of evolution on random processes, there are many factors that direct it and make it more...
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Ekonomická sladěnost České republiky s eurozónou ve světle finanční krize
Hájek, Jan ; Mertlík, Pavel (advisor) ; Cingl, Lubomír (referee)
This paper deals with the issue of synchronization of the Czech economy and the economy of the eurozone. The OCA theory which is key theoretical basis for the analysis contained in the paper is briefly described in the first part. In the second part cyclical and structural synchronization is evaluated by the means of correlation coefficients of the development of GDP, industrial production, inflation and interest rates. The obtained results show sufficient level of synchronization, impacts of the financial crisis also rather contributed to the current level of synchronization. Arguments for and against synchronization are discussed in the third part as well as mutual dependency of the both economies. Two quarters time lag of the Czech GDP growth rate behind the eurozone is discovered in the pre-crisis period. At the end OCA- index for the Czech Republic is recalculated, the value of the OCA-index for the Czech Republic is the lowest among tested countries.
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Analysis of the popularly educational broadcast by internet television Stream: Gebrian Vs and its comparison with similar tv shows on the same topic on other tv platforms
Hlaváček, Tomáš ; Lokšík, Martin (advisor) ; Šobr, Michal (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to freshly emerging TV shows about architecture and public space on the platforms of the two biggest internet TVs in the Czech Republic: Stream.cz and MALL.TV. The work specifically analyzes the following broadcasts: Gebrian VS, Gebrian: Surprising Buildings, Gebrian: PLUS/MINUS, in terms of their distinctive formats. The main purpose of the thesis is to point out the existence of these programs and to identify the formal and genre aspects that shape their unique form. The important part of the research is carried out by comparing the shows based on the platforms on which they are created and which provide different conditions for production. The following theoretical foundations were used: genre theory, presentation of specific genres related to the examined programs, media convergence and internet TVs and their recent production. The qualitative elements, including the visual communication means, which lead to the recognition of the genre construction of a specific TV show, are examined by combined visual and semiotic analysis. Quantitative elements such as tone and footage are analyzed by content analysis. The research reveals some significant differences in the examined TV shows based on a platform they are made on. These are identified as different approaches to...
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Social listening as an innovative approach of data collection for online participation research
Chlpková, Lucie ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
The arrival of Web 2.0, mobile devices and network availability changed the way in perception of previously static data and its use. Internet content provides lots of information, contexts and opportunities how to use it. One of the forms of online content are discussions as a part of the user's media participation within the mediated public sphere. This thesis introduces social listening as a method that might be beneficial in academic sphere. Social listening has its origins in marketing, but I suggest it can be used very efficiently in academic research as well. The key focus of this thesis is therefore on media participation, which examines the involvement of users in online public space. The aim of this thesis is to present a systematic categorization of social listening's benefits for academic research in communication studies.
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Infinite products
Kudrnáč, Vojtěch ; Rokyta, Mirko (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
This paper offers a brief insight into the basic theory of convergence of the infinite products of real or complex sequences. Then it focuses mainly on the possibilities of developing some selected functions into the form of infinite product and on the corollaries and utilizations of being familiar with these. Purpose of the paper is not to prove the existence of infinite products for functions with certain characteristics in general, but rather to derive specific formulas and prove their validity. The attention is paid to those elementary functions which are derived from the exponential function, especially the sinus function, the nonelementary functions mentioned are the gamma and the zeta function. The text should be understandable even for a person, who has never came upon infinite products before.
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Coupling and speed of convergence of discrete MCMC algorithms.
Kalaš, Martin ; Prokešová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
Convergence of the marginal distribution of a Markov chain to its stationary distribution is an essential property of this model with many applications in different fields of modern mathematics. Such typical applications are for example the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms, which are useful for sampling from complicated probability distributions. A crucial point for usefulness of such algorithms is the so called mixing time of corresponding Markov chain, i.e. the number of steps the chain has to make for the difference between its current marginal distribution and stationary distribution to be sufficiently small. The main goal of this thesis is to describe a method for estimation of the mixing time based on a probability technique called coupling. In the first part we collect some definitions and propositions to show how the method works. Later the method is demonstrated on several traditional examples of Markov chains including e.g. random walk on a graph. In the end we study Metropolis chain on the set of proper colorings of a graph as a specific example of MCMC algorithm and show how to estimate its mixing time.
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