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Breaking Deadlocks: The Role of Mediators in WTO Negotiations
Klímová, Nikola ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the role of mediators in WTO trade negotiations and the impact of individual mediation strategies on the outcome of these negotiations. It seeks to answer the question how mediators can help negotiators to overcome the bargaining problem and reach an agreement. The thesis first presumes that mediators who frequently apply more interventionist and inclusive tactics can increase the likelihood of a successful outcome of negotiations. Secondly, it presupposes that particular mediation tactics enable negotiators to save their face not only in front of their opponents, but more importantly also in front of domestic constituencies. Using the case of Geneva-based negotiations and the Bali Ministerial Conference, the thesis tracks individual mediation strategies which were employed by WTO chairs or the Director-General to determine their impact on the final adoption of the Bali package, representing the first multilateral trade agreement concluded under the auspices of the WTO. The analysis indicates that mediators who actively intervene in the bargaining process and assist negotiators in decreasing their audience costs may positively influence the chances of reaching an agreement. Contrarily, it shows at the same time that the effects of inclusive mediation are varied and...
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Dispute over the deployment of German military forces in the First Gulf War
Vondrovicová, Adéla ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Konrád, Ota (referee)
The First Gulf War initiated the re-opening of the internal political debate in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) about the deployment of armed forces abroad and represented a culmination point that challenged the existing course of German foreign and security policy. This bachelor thesis reconstructs the process of German government decision making, concerning the form of the German contribution to the solution of the Iraqi-Kuwait crisis using the theoretical concept of two-level game introduced by Robert Putnam. The thesis focuses on the following questions: which factors and to what extent formed the final German position and how did the final decision influence the international position of Germany and the course of its foreign and security policy? Finding itself in a difficult political situation at the time (unification process), the FRG decided, in spite of its foreign legal commitments and the expectations of international allies, to pursue a strategy of military abstention and supported the operation through financial and material means. The final German position was formed especially by the internal specifics: cognitive factors (culture of restraint), normative factors (restrictions given by the Basic Law), institutional factors (form of the internal ratification process and...
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The role of media in crisis negotiation with terrorist organizations
Maxová, Barbora ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Novotný, David Jan (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis The role of media in crisis negotiation with terrorist organizations describes the complicated relationship between news media and terrorism. The first part of the thesis explains why media consider terrorism to be an attractive issue for media coverage and why terrorists need media. Furthermore, it defines the elementary principles of journalism ethics, which journalists should follow. The study focuses particularly on cases relating to negotiation with terrorist organizations for hostages' release. It also describes which roles media takes during the negotiation for hostages' release. In this context, the thesis deals with ethical issues concerning spreading terrorist's propaganda via media, censorship by the state of information about national security and terrorism, depiction of violence in media and invasion of victims privacy. In the second part of thesis, theoretical findings about media, journalism ethics and terrorism are applied to beheading videos of American, British and Japanese hostages, which were published by Islamic state in 2014 a 2015. The theses explains in depth, how media influence efforts for the release of Islamic state's hostages. It analyses ethical transgressions, which media committed in case of this issue.
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1962: The world on the brink of disaster
Hejnová, Tereza ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
Bachelor thesis "1962: The world on the brink of disaster" discusses several days at the end of October 1962 - the Caribbean crisis. Caribbean crisis has become one of the worst crises of the Cold War and during the crisis world was really on the verge of outbreak of nuclear war. The work focuses on addressing this crisis, from the American side. U.S. representatives were at this time dilemma - how to achieve that the missiles were withdrawn from Cuba while also maintaining peace? They had many options. And about how these options they are interested. I'm trying to break down the process of thinking, consider how risk what options were and what conclusions they reached. Why they chose a blockade of the island? What were other suggestions? These are questions with which they deal, and we're trying to find an answer. The possibilities were many and included a direct military attack on the island. The blockade of the island, however, represents the least risk of conflict with the Soviet Union.
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Application of the Theory of Coalitions in the Formation of Regional Councils in the Czech Republic after Elections in 2008 and 2012
Vymyslický, Jaromír ; Švec, Kamil (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis "Application of the theory of the process of forming coalitions of regional councils in the Czech Republic after the elections in 2008 and 2012" discusses the process of establishing regional coalitions in the region of the South Moravian and the Central Bohemia. The aim is to answer the question of what form of the regional coalitions formed during the regional elections. Furthermore, I was describe how did the process of establishing regional coalitions and what were the key factors, that decide the outcome of negotiations. For these reasons, this thesis analyzed the official declaration of election programs, performances by regional politicians in political or public debate. The intention of this thesis is through the use of a theoretical framework and analysis of documents, describe in detail the development process, which was formed coalition and identify possible strategies of individual actors. The paper used discourse analysis. Keywords coalition, county, election, negotiation, council, political party
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Solving of Group Conflicts in Kindergarten (from the point of view headmisresses and headmasters of the Central Bohemian Region kindergartens)
Dvořáková, Jana ; Trojanová, Irena (advisor) ; Lisnerová, Romana (referee)
This dissertation inquires into the issue of solving group conflicts in kindergartens, presents opinions, quotations and comparison of Czech and foreign authors, derives from both local and foreign sources. In the theoretical part it brings forth findings from the stated area, defines the term "conflict", delineates the basic types of conflicts, deals with group conflicts in the context of the influence of an individual on the inception of a conflict. In the second half of the theoretical part it focuses on the settlement and prevention of conflicts. The research, coming from the goal of the inquiry, is directed in the same spirit. The research part presents the results of the inquiry, describing and analysing the causes and solutions of group conflicts in practice. The evaluation then leads to answering the research questions. The work is designed so the broadest range of headmasters and administrators of kindergartens could make use of it.
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Experimental Testing of Game-Theoretic Predictions: The Ultimatum Game
Matysková, Ludmila ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Melikhova, Oksana (referee)
This thesis focuses on testing of game theoretical predictions in the ultimatum game by means of controlled experiments. This game has become one of the most scrutinized games from the area of bargaining game theory. The theoretical division of the reward, which the players bargain over, is such that one player gets virtually all the reward while the second player is left with nothing. Because of such an extreme division of the reward, the game represents a severe test for the theory. In fact, experimental results do not confirm to the theory. This thesis provides a survey of the experimental studies investigating different aspects that may affect the subjects' behavior in the game. Furthermore, some possible explanations for why the theoretical solution is not observed to be played by the subjects in the laboratory are presented. I show several new models, which try to capture the real nature of the subjects' behavior in the game. I also focus on the proposers' behavior from the income-maximizing point of view if the distribution of the responder's minimum acceptance thresholds is known to them. Outline of a new experiment examining such behavior is then presented.
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Negotiation of the limits - limits of the negotiation. Case study of the actor network influencing the conditions of Tepla Vltava preservation (NP Šumava)
Endrštová, Veronika ; Novotná, Hedvika (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
In my graduation thesis I have considered how the nature protection is being negotiated and legitimated within the case of canoeing on the river Teplá Vltava in NP Šumava. I have identified the human and non-human actors' network influencing the case and addressed the role they've played during the negotiation process. Based on the qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews and documents I have revealed the key factors determining the actors' attitude towards the process. The conception of nature and the reference to the place have been revealed as the most important ones. In connection to both of them I have tried to find out the way how actors interpret the key factors and what kind of consequences it takes with. Through the factors I have reconstructed the whole case and analyzed how the actors use politics and expertise as their strategy within the decision making process. The whole study is based on the theory of social construction of reality (Berger and Luckham 1999) and the actor-network theory (Latour 2003). Key words: nature protection, actor-network, negotiation, decision-making process, canoying, pearloyster, Teplá Vltava, NP Šumava.
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