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Ethics of Postmodern Subject and Relation of Self to Itself
Homola, Matouš ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on ethics and subject in postmodernism and poststructuralism. The thesis contains methods of analysis, interpretation and comparison. These methods are primarily focused on French authors of the second half of the 20th century. In the text, there are answered questions like: "How society, knowledge and thiking of certain period affected the freedom of human being? What mechanisms exist in the language function structures that affect human way of thinking? What are the possibilities for individuals, to emancipate against the influence of powerfull government institutions and their strategies?" The aim of the thesis is to make an ethics rules that will be taken like an alternative to the codified normative morality. It shows the differences between modern universalism and posmodern pluralism. The dualism is interpreted primarily in the way of thinking of J.-F. Lyotard. There is also interpretation of dualism throught Deleuze and Guattari philosophy that is formulated due to theory of arborescent and rhizomatic structures. Most of the thesis is based on Michel Foucault's phylosophy of normalization and disciplining of a subject and authoritatively established ethics. The main topic of this thesis is Foucault's ethics based on the relationship of self to itselfs. This self-reflexive...
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Mythology of Heterosexual Relationship - Selected Chapters from Czech fiction from the 60's of the last century until now
Vráblíková, Dana ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Heczková, Libuše (referee)
This thesis in its theoretical part deals with psychoanalytic and poststructural - ie posthumanistic views on the three interrelated, but in some aspects contradictory concepts of love, desire and jouissance. These concepts are examined as components (as will be pointed out) of not merely traditionally depicted heterosexual relationships. The above mentioned aspects considering the concept of love are mythology and constructedness, afterthat with respect to the concept of desire the aspect is the never-ending postponement, and in the view of jouissance the aspects are the loss and fragmentation of the self, its relationship to Freudian libido, and to the death instinct. This thesis traces the development of forms of the above concepts used by the psychoanalytic and poststructuralist authors such as Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler, Luce Irigaray, Hélène Cixous and Julia Kristeva, in their primary texts and also takes account of how they are received in the secondary literature. The theoretical part is therefore based on the scrutinization of primary texts and relevant secondary literature on these issues in the field of philosophy, gender and cultural studies and feminist and critical theory. In the second part the Czech literary texts dealing with the topics of...
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Islam and the Russian state : a poststructuralist approach to analysing identity and policy discourse
Ferrando, Paolo ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims at identifying and analysing the basic discourses constructed around Russian Islam by both the Kremlin and the three leading Muslim organisations. Starting out from the largely poststructuralist premise that identity and policy are ontologically co-constitutive, the link between the two is explored in relation to three basic discourses and their articulation into two specific policies. The Russian Muslim Self is revealed to be discursively embraced by the Kremlin as part of Russian identity by emphasising the multinational nature of the latter, the cooperation between state and Muslim organisations against the common threat of extremism and the need for religiously defined moral values to be conferred on the younger generations. The identity produced by these discourses both articulates and is legitimised by policy and points to a constant renegotiation of how Russian Islam fits into the broader identity of the Russian state.
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Gender in contemporary art - motherhood as specific theme
Svatošová, Zuzana ; Bláha, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
Theoretical part is focused on the philosophical and historical solutions which led to poststtructural and feministic approach to the gender identity. The art reflexive part seeks the visual parallel to above mentioned approach in art, respectively in the art depicting mother identity. Didactic part of the work provides possible option on how to get the gender identity theme over to the high school students. The work itself is a personal reflection of the maternity corporality topic.
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Biopower and autonomism
Poppr, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
Martin Poppr : Biopower and autonomism (abstract of bachelor thesis) The main subject of the thesis is the relationship between an individual and the society. My goal is to find out the origin of the social authority, society cares, and the society control. My work will as well question the relationship between the knowledge and the power, and if both of them are in some way relied to the violence. My work will be based in the philosophy of Michel Foucault, his archeology of knowledge and his studies of the society. I will try to find out how is the knowledge defined by its own discourse. The discourse is a special form of a social power. I will focus my work on the question, how is every human being influenced by the social power and the power of discourse. I will also stay focused on the topic reading few more authors. I will follow Gilles Deleuze developing Foucault's concept of "bio-power", leading us from the age of "Enlightenment" to the present. Foucault himself finds as a good way, how to study the power, to study the forms of the political resistance. That is why I will also focus my attention on the philosophy of "autonomism".
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Sokol performations. Semiotical-historical analysis of Sokol (1862-1882)
Smyčka, Václav ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
Václav Smyčka Charles University, Faculty of arts, Departement of Czech modern history Sokol Performations. Semiotical-historical analyse of Sokol (1862-1882) Supervisor: Mgr. Kamil Činátl, Ph.D. Number of pages: 65 (own text: 63, appendix: 2) Key words: Sokol, corporeality, poststructuralism Anotation: This work deals with the formation of Sokol during the first 20 years of its existence. The work describes by a semiotic approach a radical break in body consciousness leading to the birth of new knowledge and new models of behaviour. These changes are followed both on the level of discourse (by an analysis of Sokol press) and on the level of a social practise. Formation of Sokol is described at the end in the cotext of contemporary religiosity.
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Media Discourse Analysis of rigt-wing weblog Altermedia.info
Bártová, Kateřina ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
The thesis called Qualitative Analysis of Media Discourse of the Far-right Blog cz.altermedia.info deals with the discourse analysis of the Czech version of an international project Altermedia.info. Discourse analysis aims at differences between the discourse of the founding editor and the current one and analyses the neo-fascist nature of the blog. The theoretical framework of the analysis is based on the postmarxist theory of discourse introduced by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the findings of researchers who are engaged in discourse analysis (structuralism, poststructuralism, Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk). The thesis also examines how specific meaning is constructed within the nationalist discourse of Altermedia and to what extent a new team of authors contributed to the change of discourse. The analysis identifies the main nodal points, which are involved in the construction of discourse, and examines the antagonistic processes within the two different editors. Discursive analysis reveals particular inclination of the current discourse of Altermedia for the neo-Nazi ideology, and thus indicates the fundamental antagonism between the founding editors and current one.
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Postmodern Czech Performances in Theory and in Practice
Etlíková, Barbora ; CÍSAŘ, Jan (advisor) ; VEDRAL, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the way of using the term postmodernism by the Czech-language theatre critique. In the first part I decided to discuss the thesis' subject in the context of other languages' schools of thought. I identified two main possible ways by which philosophers from abroad define the term "postmodernism" in its general meaning. In the first case (e.g. Charles Jencks) I on one hand found out that the term defined as postmodernism can be easily applied considering art -and therefore the theatre as well- but on the other hand I also found that the term itself merge with the meaning of modernism. In the second case (e.g. Jacques Derrida) I came to a conclusion that even though the definition of postmodernism does not merge with definition of modernism, it can be applied only with great difficulties in the cases of theatre and of fine art. Subsequently, I tried to illustrate the way the three approaches manifested themselves into the Czech-language discussion about postmodernism.
In the following parts of the thesis I adhered to the theatrical issues more strictly. On the basis of the analyses of two so-called postmodern theatre performances made a ground for the theoretical approach to the means of expression considered as postmodern. (The terminology I used is the one deriving from the work of Otakar Zich and from the Czech structuralism.) In the conclusion of the theatre-theoretic part of my thesis I took the view that the means of expression used in the so-called postmodern theatre productions do not differ in their very nature from the modern ones; that there are different requirements of viewer's reception in the postmodern performaces though. In the very end of my work I considered the problems that appear with the direct transfer of Jacques Derrida's philosophy to the theatre.
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The Change of the Paradigm of Literary Criticism: an Attempt at the Czech-Slovak Dialogue
Pospíšil, Ivo
The study presents a critical commentary on and partly a polemic with some topical publications of the members of the so-called Nitra Team who criticize structuralism and the technological approaches in literary criticism in general without taking into account the important evolutionary peripeteias of structuralism as such. The authors of the study defends the necessity of transcendence of scientific disciiplines, but also a permanent redefing of the borders of literary scholarship and the compactness of its methodology.
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