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Mate choice unter the influence of hormonal contraception: impact on partnership stability and quality
Londinová, Markéta ; Klapilová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Konečná, Martina (referee)
Previous studies have pointed out an interesting fact: the use of hormonal contraceptives modifies the partner preferences of women towards men more feminine and genetically less compatible. This master thesis first tried to experimentally verify whether these different preferences are reflected in real mate choice outside the context of the laboratory. It includes two studies comparing partner satisfaction and relationship dynamics in couples that have been formed under the influence of pills versus under the influence of the natural menstrual cycle. Study 1 includes 3116 mothers and was conducted through an online questionnaire. The second study collected representative data from 1605 Czech men and women aged 35 to 65 years representing the population of the CZ also through a hand-to- hand questionnaire. Study 1 confirmed the assumption in several ways: hormonal contraception users (during the mate choice) assessed their partners as less attractive and masculine compared with women who naturally cycled at that time. We also found their sexual satisfaction was reduced, however, they were more satisfied with non-sexual aspects of the relationship. In contrast to established hypotheses Study 1 found that the partnerships formed under the influence of hormonal contraceptives separated significantly...
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Sexual Differences in Presence, Realization and Content of Sexual Fantasies
Binter, Jakub ; Klapilová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tichotová, Lenka (referee)
Large number of researches proven sexual differences in frequency and content of sexual fantasies (SF) in men and women. Results of the recent studies consent on fact that male SF are more frequent, and there are more types of SF compared to female SF. Study that we propose is one of the first to investigate repertoire gaining in both sexes based on different presumptions for each. Among mechanisms we will test are: higher frequency of masturbation among man which gives more space to form larger repertoire, selective attention to external erotic stimuli related to different evolutionary-biological relevance in men and women and gaining the content of SF trough realization of activity that SF later represents. Also we present factor analysis of SF content. Significant difference was found in number of SF in man and woman in absolute number of different types of SF related to objects (F=10,06, p= 0,002) but not activities. Largest impact on amount of SF related to objects was found in age when person had most orgasms - negatively (r = -0,347, p = 0,003), amount of orgasms in that age per week(r = 0,930, p = 0,011), frequency of masturbation (r = 0,776, p = 0,030) and erotica exposure (r = 0,353,p = 0,001). When GLM was aplicated on previously tested affects sex of participant was not significant...
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Phytophily - its origin and influence onto humans
Hůla, Martin ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kleisner, Karel (referee)
Phytophilia, the love of plants, is a widespread and probably inborn human quality. This work shows evolutionary interpretations of its origin. These suggest that phytophilia has evolved as an adaptation to the choice of the resource-rich habitat and to the effective orientation in space. The work also presents the effects of plants on human psyche and briefly mentions cultural and individual differences.
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The influence of oral hormonal contraceptive use on female sexuality: the evolutionary perspective
Klapilová, Kateřina ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
The proposed thesis is comprised of eleven papers connected by the employment of the evolutionary psychological approach in research on various aspects of human sexuality. The aim of the first monothematic part is to demonstrate the evolutionary-psychological approach to one recent phenomenon in female sexuality - the use of oral contraceptives (OC). OC use has been shown to suppress psychological mechanisms that are considered to be adaptive in the fertile period of the natural menstrual cycle. In particular, OC users' ratings of male stimuli that provide the cues of genetic quality and compatibility are lower in comparison with normally cycling women. Moreover, the increase in sexual desire and in the prevalence of proceptive behaviour observed during mid-cycle in normally cycling women is diminished. However, the impact of this phenomenon on mate-choice and relationship dynamics in an ecological context has not been studied. In the first study, we have analyzed the data of Czech women obtained via representative sampling within the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior. Results indicated that normally cycling women had a significantly higher number of one-night stands during the last year in comparison to OC users even when living in a long-term relationship. OC usage was also shown to have...
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Responses of naive primates to snakes: experiments with selected species kept in Prague zoo
Kutinová, Lucie ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
In the wild, snakes are known to elicit strong antipredator responses in primates. Primates often mob the snakes, which is also accompanied by loud calls. In evolution, the deadly threat posed by snakes goes as far as to the origin of placental mammals. In this study, the reactions of naïve individuals to snakes were tested. Naïve pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) avoided the snake stimulus. For the macaques there was a longer latency to touch the rubber snake compared to the latency to touch the rubber lizard. The mouse lemurs avoided feeding on the side of experimental box where the snake odor was presented. The reactions of macaques and mouse lemurs were not accompanied by vocalizations and they seemed to be overall mild. Nevertheless, the snake stimuli used here were strong enough for these naïve primates. For ringtail lemurs (Lemur catta), the reactions to uncovering a hidden rubber snake was tested. But the lemurs showed no avoiding reactions. A question for further research is whether the different results for lemurs were not caused by different experimental procedure. As well as in macaques and mouse lemurs, the reactions seemed to be very mild. But no deeper analysis of the behavior was performed. Thus, a reaction could have been overlooked, which...
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Game of Sight and Touch
LEŠŇOVSKÁ, Lenka
The thesis is specialized in the creation of teaching aids for preschool and early school age children. The work consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is characterized by psychological human development with an emphasis on the development of preschool and early school age children. The thesis is focused on the life and work of reform pedagogue Maria Montessori. The theoretical part is discussed about learning, the use of educational games and educational aids. In educational process is very important a teacher. The practical part consists of teaching aids - the alphabet, numbers, and developing a sense of small tasks which are normally used in dressing up.
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Fantasy - Theory of the Genre and its Educative Aspects
HOKR, Boris
This diploma thesis deals with fantasy literature in both, national and international contexts, as well as with its didactical possessions. Its aim is to prove that this genre has, apart from its history and a recognized place in the domain of literature, a cognitive value to enhance the readers in terms of aesthetics, knowledge, experience and emotions. A second aim of the thesis is to describe the position of fantasy in so-called ``speculative fiction{\crq}q. The first part of the work allows its readers to understand the term ``Fantasy``. It also provides them with history of the genre and its nowadays´ subdivision. In the subsequent chapters the fantasy is presented as a genre able to adapt to fields not necessarily linked to contemporary literature, such as source of knowledge and understanding in lives of young people. A more detailed approach to the Czech form of the genre is also provided with emphasis to common and opposite aspects of it in comparison with the world fantasy (mostly Anglo-American). The didactical potential is underlined in appropriate paragraphs. The 4th and 6thchapters are then fully dedicated to the didactical potential. The last chapter presents results of research work focused on fantasy.
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