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The effect of diabetes type I on activities of daily living in children
Jagiellová, Eliška ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis on the topic "Influence of type I diabetes mellitus on activities of daily life" is focused on the daily activities of children with type I diabetes mellitus, or diabetes. This disease is typical for childhood and its incidence is currently increasing. The aim of the work is to find out whether diabetes affects the activities of daily life in children and to investigate more closely in which areas and to what extent. The work is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on current knowledge about the disease, the history of the disease, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, activities of daily life, familiarization with the concept of self- sufficiency, self-care and children's needs. For research in the empirical part, was used a self- constructed questionnaire, which contained twenty-five items and was answered by sixty- seven respondents from the Pediatric Clinic at the Motol University Hospital, aged nine to eighteen. This section presents the working hypotheses, methodology and organization of the investigation. The conclusion of the work is the results of the work, which are depicted in graphic and tabular overviews and the discussion. Keywords diabetes mellitus, diabetes, daily activity, daily activities,...
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Speciální druhy pečiva a možnosti inovace receptur
Janečková, Šárka
Thesis is focused on the production of baked goods for population groups suffering from diseases that require special dietary therapy. Subject of the literature research was to get acquainted with three of the most serious of them - celiac disease, Crohn's disease and diabetes and a consequent summary of the individual dietary requirements related to the diseases. The aim was to create an overview of basic, innovative and non-traditional ingredients suitable for the production of special baked goods for people suffering from these diseases. Practical part of the work was based on the development of six recipes for the production of bakery products using non-traditional ingredients, followed by successful execution of baking expe-riment, instrumental analysis of samples and sensory evaluation of the products. The baking experiment resulted in 3 groups of baked goods - gluten-free, non-residual and low-carbohydrate. The best volume, firmness and sensory properties were achieved in the gluten-free bakery products, which were very similar to the conventional bakery products and were also judged to be the most sensory ac-ceptable based on the sensory questionnaires. For the other two groups of bakery products, the results of the measurements and sensory evaluation were not very sa-tisfactory, although very interesting crust and crumb colours were achieved in the-se samples due to the used ingeridents.
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Endokrinní onemocnění vyskytující se u fretek
Bulvová, Anna
The diploma thesis entitled “Endocrine Diseases in Ferrets” deals with the evaluation of the current situation of endocrine diseases in ferrets from the Czech Republic and abroad with a focus on hyperadrenocorticism and insulinoma. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the meaning and history of ferrets, presents ferret health issues and summarizes current knowledge of selected endocrine diseases in ferrets. The practical part of the thesis includes the evaluation of a survey from 235 respondents from 39 states, of which 142 breeders encountered some endocrine disease. Information on 93 individuals with insulinoma and 89 individuals with hyperadrenocorticism is also processed. Data on sex, age, diagnosis, neutering, treatment, etc. are assessed. From the answers obtained, it was also possible to deduce differences between the Czech Republic and abroad, as up to 20.1 % more breeders abroad encountered some ferret endocrine disease.
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The negative impacts of diabetes mellitus on emotional well-being of patients
Sokolová, Miroslava ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (referee)
The work deals with chronical desease impacts on psychological well-being of patients, ways how patients see themselves and understand their position. Chronical disease is often leading to a loss of selfconfidence and feelings of alienation. These factors get negatively projected to the life of patients and it makes sence to eliminate or minimize them. Situation has been investigated by using questionnaires and discusions with patients. Diabetic patients have been asked questions about their way of life and how they cope with problems caused by the disease. The work is providing an overview of diabetes mellitus linked stressing factors provided by the survey respondents and the ways how they cope with the disease.. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, psychic complications of diabetes, social identity of a diabetic patient, diseasse acceptance, diabetic patient in a family and work team.
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MR imaging and MR spectroscopy of human during physical stress (MR spectroscopy imaging, MR diffusometry, MR relaxometry etc.)
Šedivý, Petr ; Hájek, Milan (advisor) ; Haberlová, Jana (referee) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee)
The dissertation is concerned to in vivo phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31 P MRS) and 1 H MR imaging (MRI) of muscle in combination with physical workload. The theoretical part of the thesis describes methodology of 31 P MRS measurement and its clinical use in research of metabolic changes in diabetes, heart failure and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The results of the thesis are divided into methodical and clinical parts. Methodical results deal with the construction of experimental equipment, software modification and development, and show of the reproducibility of the dynamic 31 P MRS. The MRI after exercise was used to the describe involvement of the individual calf muscles to muscle contraction during pedal movement in MR compatible ergometer. The first part of the clinical results of the thesis describes changes in muscle metabolism during diabetes and critical ischemia. In patients with critical ischemia the effect of treatment by angioplasty or transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated. In the second part of the clinical results the metabolism of patients with heart failure complicated by sideropenia was studied. In these patients the effect of experimental treatment by iron carboxymaltose was described.
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lmportance of epicardial fat in heart diseases: new mechanism of action and their therapeutic implication
Matloch, Zdeněk ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Lipš, Michal (referee)
It was documented earlier that epicardial fat is a source of pro-inflammatory mediators under basal conditions (Mazurek, Zhang et al. 2003, Baker, Silva et al. 2006). It was also found that during cardiac surgery there is an increased expression of mRNA for pro- inflammatory cytokines in both epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Kremen, Dolinkova et al. 2006). During advanced heart failure, an inflammation of adipose tissue and resistance to adiponectin was also discovered (Khan, Kato et al. 2012). As part of the project, we tested the hypothesis that changes in levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including their expression in adipose, muscle and heart tissue, as well as changes in insulin resistance and lipid profile parameters, are dependent on the type of underlying disease of patients, either the presence of CAD or valve degeneration. The aim of our project was to investigate metabolic changes in various fat tissues, insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plasmatic levels and their mRNA expressions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing either elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or isolated valve replacement. Our patients underwent several blood tests and measurements like anthropometric, biochemical, and...
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Functions of Neuregulin 4
Majerčáková, Eva ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Haasová, Eliška (referee)
This work focuses on reviewing the function of Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and its receptor ErbB4 in various biological processes and disease states, including inflammation, cancer, metabolic diseases, and liver diseases. In metabolic diseases such as diabetes, Nrg4 may affect glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis, but the exact mechanism of action is not yet well understood. Nrg4 and its receptor ErbB4 appear to be key factors in regulating inflammation and promoting cell survival. Moreover, in liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Nrg4 and ErbB4 seems to play a protective role. Overall, these findings highlight complex roles of Nrg4 and ErbB4 in a multitude of biological processes and disease states. Further research is needed to fully understand these relationships and their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
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Strategies and results in the development of insulin derivatives for the treatment of diabetes
Pokorný, Štěpán ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to present insulin analogs and to analyse the direction of development of these organic compounds. The text contains basic information on this subject (e.g. the history of Diabetes Mellitus, the first treatment, the discovery of insulin (1921) and the experiments that preceded this discovery...). The thesis also explains the basic differences between type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the resulting differences in treatment. It mainly summarizes, the specific types of analogs, their chemical composition and the nature of their action. The main contribution of this work lies in the analysis of insulin analogs and the overview of the course in which the development of these analogues is proceeding or what innovations we can expect in diabetes therapy in the upcoming years. The thesis draws primarily from peer-reviewed scientific papers, articles and books (older as well as more recent ones) and from the expertise of the IOCB laboratory. All sources are well cited at the end of the work.
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Possibilities of influencing compliance with following diabetic regimes from the perspective of nutrition therapist
Kučerová, Denisa ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Only in the Czech Republic, we detect over one million people diagnosed with this disease. By 2045, over 700 million people are predicted to be diagnosed with diabetes worldwide (Global diabetes data report 2000 - 2045 (diabetesatlas.org)). Medical community and pharmaceutical companies give big importance and pay significant attention to the development of innovative ways of treatment. Nowadays, there is a wide range of treatment available, but only hand in hand with the right compliance and patient's motivation can medical treatment bring the desired outcome. This bachelor thesis aims to explore the level of awareness among diabetic patients about the disease itself and nutrition knowledge through out a questionnaire survey. The main part of the thesis describes factors that can help with the patient's motivation. Questionnaire survey was used in a set of 271 patients treated in Klatovska nemocnice. Results of the survey are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey show that men are more satisfied with the ongoing threatment than females. On the other hand, both men and women do not view the level of education...
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