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The issue of child soldiers in international law with regard to the African regional regulation
Kubíčková, Anna ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Bayerová, Monika (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis was to give a general overview of the problem of child soldiers and their protection among international law conventions and among regional law agreements with the focus on the African continent. The use of child soldiers in armed conflict is qualified as one of the worst forms of child labour.The majority of child soldiers are active in Africa and, to a lesser extent, in the Middle East and Asia. Besides introduction and conclusion, the study consists of five chapters. The first chapter describes the protection of child soldiers on the international level. Therefore it is focused on individual conventions, especially on Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure, but as well on the International Labour Convention No. 182 or the Rome Statute. The soft law represents Paris principles. Discussed is particularly the question of the age limit for child participation in armed conflict. The second chapter is concerned with the international control mechanisms, resulting from the above-mentioned...
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A comparison of the property regimes of spouses in Czech and French law
Mackuliaková, Michaela ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
A comparison of the property regimes of spouses in Czech and French law The aim of this masters thesis was to compare property regimes of spouses in Czech and French legal systems. The thesis is dealing with different aspects of "marital estate regime" under the Czech Civil Code, "legal regime" under the French Civil Code and the "legal regime" under the new Czech Civil Code effective from 2014 In addition, the aim was also to examine whether the legislators of both countries based the legal texts on similar premises. In cases of missing positive legal norms, the thesis examined whether practice or case law leads the legislators to conclusions similar or completely different in the respective legal systems. The secondary objective was to compare existing and new Czech Civil Code and evaluate the progress in the approach to the institute of marital estate. The marital property law has to face traditionally two interests, namely individual interest of each spouse and the common interest of the conjugal union. It is important to reconcile these two interests to such extent that common interests will be given sufficient protection, but on the other hand, to extent not as restrictive as to cause aversion to the institution of marriage itself. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing...
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Emergency preparedness and protection of the inhabitans in the national company Budějovický Budvar in the release of hazardous substances
JIRKA, Martin
The thesis describes the issue of emergency preparedness and protection of the inhabitants in the National Corporation Budweiser Budvar during the release of hazardous substances. The thesis is focused on important aspects that determine the drafting of emergency documentation. One of aspects is the amount of hazardous chemical - ammonia. The total ammonia content in the object is 22 tons. This amount is according to the Act No. 59/2006 Coll., concerning prevention of major accidents as a sub-limit amount and not as an object into group A or B. On these not-classified resources are not subject to some duties under this Act, especially the obligation to prepare an emergency documentation (except where the regional authority include in the emergency plan then must provide and update the required documents). This paper doesn´t discuss by the massive leakage of 22 tons of ammonia. On the basis of analyzes were identified two sources of the risk. The first is a reservoir about the content of 10 tons which is located on the roof of the engine room. Maximum real filling is around 6 tons. The second source of risk is an expansion tank about the content of 14 tons, which is located in the building with cylinderconicals tanks (CKT). Considered fulfillment of the expansion vessel is about 7 tons. Although in this case is not about buildings and facility in which is treated with such a amount of dangerous chemical substances, which would belonged to the relevant group, I will perform available analysis according to a regulations issued or supportively used to analysis and risk assessment in according to the Act No. 59/2006 Coll., concerning prevention of major accidents. Harmful effects of ammonia are another important aspect. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Interior No. 103/2006 Coll., concerning establish principles defining the emergency planning zone and the extent and method of preparation of an external emergency plan, ammonia is taken as moderately toxic substance that irritates the eyes, mucous membranes, and in high concentrations can cause death. The great advantage from the point of view of the protection inhabitants are the warning properties. Characteristic pungency is already known in very weak concentrations. Also disposal of hazardous concentrations isn't technologically challenging, due to its solubility in the water. Another dangerous effect, except the toxicity is its explosiveness (explosive limit from 15 to 28 %) and flammability. Fortunately controlled condensing pressure prevents ignition and explosion of ammonia. Risk of the explosion and ignition of ammonia isn´t analyzed in this thesis, because the range of effects caused by leakage of several tons, is from a toxicological point of view more threatening. Impacts of hazardous concentrations aren´t threat only for people but also for animals and the environment. The thesis focuses on the analysis and evaluation of risks. The results of this research are an important element of the draft of emergency documentation. During the processing is calculated with methods IAEA-TECDOC-727, Dow's Chemical Exposure Index, Estimation of toxicity and software modeling program ALOHA. Further research is being done by brainstorming and semi-standardized interviews with employees of the company. In conclusion of the thesis is appropriate the drafting of emergency cards and emergency documentation (although not in range under the Act of concerning prevention of major accidents), according to which the reaction proceeded for any leakage of dangerous chemicals (ammonia) into the environment and the protection of workers which occur at the public premises or in the premises of the zone of impact of ammonia spilled outside the area Budweiser Budvar, NC. The use of the draft of emergency documentation is also conditioned by the location of the object in relatively densely populated areas of the county town of České Budějovice.
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The Reform of Public Service in the Social Sector
TEJNOR, Libor
Social sector is an integral part of public service in any society. In each state, a contemporary system of institutions and organizations has gradually evolved in social administration, and the institutions are more or less interrelated and complement each other, or they compete. Although contemporary systems in various European countries differ from each other, they have common roots in the European social doctrine. It is based on the principles of human right of dignity, freedom, solidarity and participation in democratic governance. Within the transformation of the social security system to the system of social protection of citizens in the early 1990{\crq}s, and in accordance with a scenario of social reforms, work began on the creation of three interrelated and relatively independent systems {--} the systems of social insurance, state social support, and social assistance. What is substantial for this system to function properly is the relationship between the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, as the highest umbrella body that manages, directs methodically and controls the administration performance in a relevant sector (insurance, support or care) and all the other subsidiary bodies of the entire social security system involved in covering a given agenda. For that reason, it was also necessary to establish necessary institutions and institutes for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives. The objective of this paper is to map the valid legislation related to public service in the social sector, to analyze any changes in the legislation related to public service in the social sector and to define the advantages and disadvantages of these legislative changes. The method of analysis of secondary sources and the content analysis of data covering the public service in the social sector were chosen for the practical part of this paper. An analysis, a synthesis and a comparison were made of documents from the sectors of public service, social security, insurance, state social support, and social care with emphasis laid on the legislation related to the reform of public service in the social sector. The results have shown that the current form of the public service in the social sector encompassed, through legislative changes, all the needs of citizens to the maximum possible extent. The reform measures have also led to improvements in the accessibility of institutions for citizens and, thanks to powers delegated to the municipalities with extended powers, institutions are more accessible. However, the results point to certain drawbacks brought about by the social reform; these drawbacks must be removed trough legislative changes in the course of the ongoing reform.
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A Selected Risk Behavior a Socially Undesirable Phenomenon by Children at Elementary School
SUCHELOVÁ, Markéta
The thesis deals with selected risk behaviour and socially undesirable phenomena in elementary school children. The data for the thesis were collected in ninth classes of elementary schools in the regions of South Bohemia, Central Bohemia and Ústí. Quantitative research, questioning method, the technique of anonymous questionnaire were used to ascertain the data; preset hypotheses are verified or falsified on the base of evaluation of the questionnaire. The respondents filled out the questionnaires at school, but with exclusion of the authority close to them, in order to obtain as high validity of data as possible. The thesis has a theoretical part describing individual selected phenomena, previous statistics of their incidence and the current period of life of the respondents. The practical part sets goals and describes the actual research and discussion with authors I have drawn from. The goal of the work was to map the incidence and extent of the selected phenomena of pupils of ninth classes of elementary schools. Partial goals were to select the phenomena among the individual regions and to compare the data with implemented prevention. The research shows that the selected phenomena occur in all regions; none of the phenomena is absent in any of the regions. Use of legal, socially tolerated substances, i.e. alcohol and tobacco, is most frequently represented. Each of the selected reasons is more endangered in another form of risk behaviour than the other regions. The Region of South Bohemia appears as the most risky one, with the highest experience of pupils with illegal drugs, both in the number of cases experience and in the frequency of use. The research also shows that the implementation of primary prevention comes late for almost all forms of selected risk behaviour, often only after the pupils have engaged themselves, or shortly before. The results of the thesis can be used in practice, e.g. by instructors of primary prevention, by school methodologists to set up Minimum preventive programs and last but not least for teaching and for the need of other research.
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Use of natural science museums and collections for educational purposes
Jandová, Jana ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Nowadays there is a considerable tendency towards encouraging students to seek for information and deepen their knowledge themselves rather than classical frontal educational methods. Thanks to this trend teachers tend to use i.e. museum collections for educational purposes in order to present life in the past as well as at present to students in a more enjoyable way. Everything that students learn by their own experience is sure to be remembered more vividly. The aim of my Master Thesis is to propose excursions to four selected museums. Worksheets are to be provided for each excursion and shall be tested in practice as well. The conclusion of the Master Thesis is that museums strive to attract schools with various educational programs, lectures and excursions. Nevertheless, they concentrate mainly on social sciences. Educational programs, intended solely for natural sciences or biology, are very rare. However, biology teachers may - to a considerable extent - use wide variety of expositions and collections of museums. Key words: excursion, educational program, worksheet, museum, children's museums
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Inter- and intraspecific variability in Vicia faba L. and Zea mays L. response to water deficit
Fridrichová, Lenka ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Zelenková, Sylva (referee)
This work monitors the response of plants to water deficit and subsequent restoration of water availability with the aim to expand our knowledge about plant behaviour during and after drought stress from the perspective of two plant species with a different type of photosynthesis. A particular attention was paid to the intraspecific differences and their possible changes during stress and post-stress periods. The plant response was monitored as the changes of selected photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics caused by the cessation of watering for six days followed by a six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different types of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L and C4 plant Zea mays L.; for both plant species, three varieties / genotypes were monitored. The response of both plant species to insufficient water supply differed by the extent of changes in relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the dry mass of individual leaves (developed during the stress period), the ratio between the aboveground dry mass and dry mass of roots. In drought-stressed plants, downward trend in RWC was observed, as well as the increase of the minimum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves (F ),...
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Lost cultural landscape of the Czech border, an interactive learning guide for 2nd Primary School
TŮMOVÁ, Radka
Title of thesis is: ,,Vanished cultural landscape of the Czech border - an interactive learning guide for the 2nd grade school". Graduation thesis consists of an analysis of literature (textbooks geography, citizenship and education history, professional, nonfiction literature, didactic literature and multimedia documents). The practical part has a form of an interactive learning guide. Most of the work is devoted to the issue of the Sudetenland which to the largest extent represents the vanished cultural landscape of the Czech border. Sudetenland are evaluated from several different perspectives. An integral part of a thorough and detailed geographic mapping will clarify the historical circumstances but also the consequences that come with intricate development of the Czech border to bring ,,our" society today. The main section has its own interactive learning guide for students of upper primary school. In our case it will serve as the superstructure teaching material and therefore it can be used for grammar schools as well.
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Geochemical model of arsenic at the Mokrsko gold deposit
Drahota, Petr ; Pertold, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Száková, Jiřina (referee) ; Zeman, Josef (referee)
Geochemical model of arsenic at the Mokrsko gold deposit Dissertation of Petr Drahota 1 Abstract The dissertation contributes to the As mobility at the naturally contaminated site of Mokrsko gold deposit in Central Czech Republic. The primary goal of the dissertation is to fill some gaps in previous research carried out at the study site in order to contribute to the quantitative biogeochemical model of As in the bedrock-groundwater-soil-surface water system. In the first part, the previous research related to As environmental issues at the study site has been reviewed, discussed and evaluated. These include detail information on (i) the extent of natural As contamination in bedrock and soil, (ii) the extent of As contamination in groundwater, (iii) the primary and secondary As mineralogy in bedrock and soil, (iv) the chemical speciation of As in soil and (v) the leaching experiments of the gold ore. In the second part, the mineralogical and chemical speciation of As in soil, in stream and fishpond sediments and dissolved As concentrations in waters have been studied to determine the processes that lead to release of As into solution and control its concentration under different redox conditions at the Mokrsko gold deposit. The highest dissolved As was found in groundwater (more than 1000 g L-1 ), which...
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