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The complement of the Spanish adjective
Koťátková, Adéla ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and describe the complement of the Spanish adjective. We clarify the heterogeneity of linguistic theories that approach this topic. We select the theory of valency in order to delineate the complement of adjective as a valence complement. We review its characteristics and compare the information in the quoted literature with the results of linguistic corpuses CREA and InterCorp. In the practical part, we analyse the corpuses for the combinations of adjective valency, obligation, the possibility of ellipsis, the influence of quantification on the complement and collocations. Key words: Spanish - linguistic corpus - InterCorp - CREA - valency - complement - adjective
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Syntax of Adjective Compounds in a Bilingual Dictionary
Schmidtová, Iva ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the given thesis is to expound the problem of syntax processing by creating adjectival compounds in dictionary entries for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. Assuming that exactly these words, which belong to the complicated vocabulary items, cause difficulties for foreign speakers with text comprehension and text production. It is based on the nature of German language, which makes many compounds, as opposed to in Czech language. Not only are the meanings of these words revealed to be problematic, but also their usage. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of adjectives as word class, and because each word always has its context, attention will be primarily focused on the adjectival valency. Previously, only the valency of verbs and substantives has been discussed. When a native speaker automatically knows these syntax structures and even when, in case of foreign language, there could exist structural similarities between the source and target language, the structures ought consequently to be given in the dictionary. In some mono- or bilingual dictionary the user should find complex informations for word searched. The practical part involves analysis of ten chosen adjective compounds, which shows how the valency structures are...
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Confrontation of Czech and German valency lexicons
Dušek, Ondřej ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Maroszová, Jana (referee)
This master thesis deals with a comparison of the most common German and Czech valency lexicons, focusing on the dictionaries E-VALBU and VALLEX in particular. It employs two different methods: a confrontation of selected verbal translation pairs using corpus analysis and taking the introspective valency tests of the individual dictionaries into account, as well as qualitative research among the linguists - the authors and users of valency dictionaries. The thesis proves the usability of corpus analysis for this kind of research and shows that most differences in dictionary entries are not caused by a different behavior of the respective verbs in both languages, but rather by divergent theoretical bases of the dictionaries. The interviews with selected linguists confirm the theoretical discrepancies, but also show many similar opinions and experiences, in particular those regarding practical work with the dictionaries: a stress on the user-friendliness of the dictionaries and the use of real language data from the corpora.
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Processing of Turkic Languages
Ciddi, Sibel ; Zeman, Daniel (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee)
This thesis aims to present several combined methods for the morphological processing of Turkic languages, such as Turkish, which pose a specific set of challenges for computational processing, and also aims to make larger data sets publicly available. Because of the highly productive, agglutinative morphology in Turkish, data sparsity---besides the lack of the publicly available large data sets---impose difficulties in natural language processing, especially with regards to relying on purely statistical methods. Therefore, we evaluate a publicly available rule-based morphological analyzer, TRmorph, based on finite state transducers. In order to enhance the efficiency of this analyzer, and to expand its lexicon; we combine statistical and heuristics-based methods for the named entity processing (and construction of gazetteers), morphological disambiguation task and the multiword expression processing. Experiment results obtained so far point out that the use of heuristic-methods provides promising coverage increase for the text being processed by TRmorph, while the statistical approach is used as a back-up for more fine-grained tasks that may not be captured by pattern-based heuristics approach. This way, our proposed combined approach enhances the efficiency of a morphological analyzer based purely on FST...
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Comparing Czech and Russian Verb Government
Malířová, Eva Kateřina ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Liptáková, Zuzana (referee)
Verbal government of Russian and Czech verbs. Determination of basic conception of rection, bilinguism, interference, transfer, homonymy. The acquirement of foreign language difficulties. Preventing interference. The influence of transfer. Left-valency and right-valency actant. Competition of binding. Russian - Czech dictionary. Error analysis. Contrastive analysis.
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Valency of Verbs in the Prague Dependency Treebank
Urešová, Zdeňka ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Ondrejovič, Slavo (referee)
Title: Valency of verbs in the Prague Dependency Treebank Author: PhDr. Zdeňka Urešová Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics MFF UK Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Eva Hajičová, DrSc. Abstract: This dissertation describes PDT-Vallex, a valency lexicon of Czech verbs, and its relation to the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT). The PDT-Vallex lexicon was created during the an- notation of the PDT and it is a valuable source of verbal valency information available both for linguistic research and for computer- ized natural language processing. In this thesis, we describe not only the structure and design of the lexicon (which is closely related to the notion of valency as developed in the Functional Generative De- scription of language) but also the relation between the PDT-Vallex and the PDT. The explicit and full-coverage linking of the lexicon to the treebank prompted us to pay special attention to diatheses; we propose formal transformation rules for diatheses to handle their surface realization even when the canonical forms of verb arguments as captured in the lexicon do not correspond to the forms of these arguments actually appearing in the corpus.
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The effect of relaxation on affective stimuli processing
KOZOVÁ, Michaela
The main issue of this thesis is to analyze the effect of relaxation on visual affective stimuli. Relaxation influences emotional processing and related EEG response of the individual person. The thesis is divided into two thematic parts: the first on eis theoretical part and the second on eis empirical part. The first part deals with emotions as complex phenomenona. It describes topics as Affective events and Physiology and Regulation of emotions. Important chapter is devoted to the description of Relaxation techniques with focus on Imagination which is used in the experimental part of the thesis. The first empirical part of the thesis deals with experimental verification of the possibility to use relaxation in the unusual settings of a cognitive laboratory. The subsequent part describes EEG measure of brain activity related to processing of visual affective stimuli before and after relaxation. The data were statistically analysed using T-test with multiple FDR comparison. The data were suitable for ERPs - event related potencial analysis. The results of the study were compared with current neuropsychology knowledge.
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The neuropsychological correlates of emotions
TESAŘ, Michael
The presented thesis deals with localization of emotions and its processing according to visual emotional stimuli from IAPS. It uses EEG analysis and non-parametric statistics Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Wilcoxon's t-test. Results confirm hemispherical asymmetry theories and it was found a new localization of the neutral emotion in the left frontal alpha EEG asymmetry, which is not clearly described by other authors. Processing of emotions shows that complex affective reaction of positive and negative emotions is not significantly resolved; reversely the biggest resolving is the first processing time exposition automatic affective reaction. Acquisitions of the thesis are providing crucial theoretical knowledge for further EEG and emotion research, describing localization of the neutral emotions in the frontal cortex and processing of emotions in affective reaction to visual stimulation.
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The analysis of verbal valence in the textbook "Německy s úsměvem"
GRÖSLOVÁ, Hana
The topic of my diploma work is the analysis of verbal valence in the Czech textbook "Německy s úsměvem" ("German with a Smile"). The theoretical part is dealing with the verbal valence first, examining the verb as a part of speech and the valence itself. It deals with grammar from the DaF-point of view (DaF = teaching German as foreign language). The theoretical part is closed by a brief characteristic of exercise typology with selected exercise types for the valence practise. The main point of the work is the analysis of the verbal valence ? excerption, presentation and practice of verbal valence in the selected part of the textbook. The results of individual parts of the analysis are evaluated and statistically processed then. The analysis is followed by the list of problems detected with my own solution.
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Complementation of infinitives and gerunds compared.
KODADOVÁ, Šárka
The diploma thesis explores whether the complementation of infinitives and gerunds, functioning as subject clauses, is different. Expecially it compares syntactic structures, relative length and complexity of the complementations and their roles in functional sentence perspective (whether elements are rather thematic or rhematic etc.). Furthemore it explores whether the form of complementation is affected by the position of infinitive of gerund, it means if there is any difference between the complementations of non-finite verb in initial position and extraposition. The research is based on the relevant academic writing and on authentic instances of gerunds and infinitives from the present sources of literature.
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