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Testování polovodičových detektorů typu DEPFET
Malina, Lukáš ; Kodyš, Peter (advisor) ; Doležal, Zdeněk (referee)
DEPFET pixel detectors were developed more than 20 years ago and they are still being improved, for example on Belle II experiment in Japan. In this thesis we studied the properties of readout cycle of detector matrix and the movement of counted hit positions close to the edges of DEPFET matrix, the which is reffered to as edge effect. The main goal of this work was to familiarize with particle detectors and their principles, especially with DEPFET matrices, to set up laser test system and to write ROOT macro for measurement automatization, run the measurement and analyze obtained data. For this purpose we used red 3 nanosecond long laser pulses, moving stages with very fine step and two connected pulse generators. As a result, the voltage between the outer ring and the inner part of the detector active area was optimalised, the edge effect was reduced by a factor of 2. The time properties of readout cycle, the time period of charge clearing and the time in which is the matrix read out, have been found.
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Proximity of schools to sources of air pollution: Estimation of health risk by GIS methods
Strejčková, Denisa ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Kupková, Lucie (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the estimation of potential health risks at schools exposed to traffic-related air aollutants. It is based on the method of a geographic information system (GIS). Road traffic is a source of suspended particles, whose long-term exposure has an effect on the growth of the lower respiratory tract disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reduction of lung function and cardiovascular disease, especially in the large urban agglomerations. Besides the long and seriously ill and the elderly, children belongs to the particularly vulnerable group of population. Children used to spend a great deal of time at schools. Many scientific studies have found associacions between proximity to traffic and increased risk of respiratory disease and a slower development of lung function among children attending schools close to busy roads. One of the aims of this study is to locate elementary schools in the region of Prague by GIS techniques and examine, whether the aquality of air in the place where schools stands to is influenced by the traffic air pollution. Although the estimation of the potential health risk is based on indirect methods of GIS, it is possible, that high concentrations of pollutants could infiltrate into the most exposed schools and cause adverse health effects,...
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New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inflammatiory cardiomyopathy
Kuchynka, Petr ; Šimek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krejčí, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) represents a non-familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for its diagnosis. Aims: To assess the prevalence of DCMi in patients with DCM of unclear origin, to evaluate the significance of serological tests for antibodies against infectious cardiotrophic agents and to analyze the effect of specific therapy guided by EMB results. Methods: EMB was performed in 56 subjects (mean age 52 ± 10 years) with DCM of unclear etiology and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 40% with a history of heart failure less than 1 year. EMB samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed myocardial inflammation in 26 patients (46%), the PCR method detected genome of microbial agents in 32 patients (57%). Electron microscopy showed the presence of particles of microbial agents in 41 patients (73%). Serological blood tests found no IgM antibody positivity against any of the investigated microbial agents. Targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) genome in the EMB led to a reduction in LV size, improvement of LV EF and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion: DCMi...
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Heterologous expression of the E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus HVP16
Lidický, Ondřej ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Mach, Otakar (referee)
Production of vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins in plants is a promising nascent technology with a great potential to provide high-quality, safe and non-expensive production and delivery platform. In this work we studied the experimental vaccine against human papillomavirus based on modified plant pathogen - Potato virus X (PVX). The experimental vaccine is based on PVX virus particles decorated with genetically fused HPV-E7 oncoprotein. These chimeric virus particles should be able to activate strong and specific cellular immune response. However the modification of the PVX coat protein with such relatively large fused protein might influence its ability to form particles. In this work we have characterized some properties of such chimeric virus particles like solubility or ability infect host plant. (In Czech)
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Solving test-particle equations of motion near a black hole
Ryston, Matěj ; Ledvinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Suková, Petra (referee)
Bachelor thesis Matěj Ryston 2011/2012 Abstract in English This work aims to give a well-arranged summary of the description and solving the equations of motion of particles outside a black hole (a star) with emphasis on numerical solutions. For that purpose a summary of numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations, together with a review and comparison of chosen methods, is given. In the second chapter follows a brief recall of the foundations of General Relativity as well as the description of the geometry of Schwarzschild solution of the Einstein equations. After that equations of motion are formulated. In conclusion, selected numerical methods are used on solving said equations of motion of a test particle or those describing bending of light rays in closeness to a black hole.
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Toxicology of smoking
Hniličková, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
TOXICOLOGY OF SMOKING Master's Thesis Petra Hniličková Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology This master's thesis is engaged in problems of smoking, because smoking repre- sents with its addictive character and health effects one of important medical problems. In one cigarette is in addition to nicotine (a vegetable alkaloid which is addictive) included a large number of harmful chemicals. The tobacco smoke contains toxic gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia), nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons, aromatic amines, heavy metals (such as nickel, cadmium, arsenic and polonium-210) and solid particles (mainly tar). All of these chemicals are harmful to human body and their effect is hard to predict because harmful pollutants from tabacco smoke work in combination. About 4.8 million people annually die of diseases caused by smoking. In this thesis are described the most frequent causes of death, such as car-diovascular diseases, cancer (especially lung cancer), chronic obstructive lung disease (CHOPN) and others. Individual chapters are dedicated to problems of second-hand smoke and legislative measures to prevent damages caused by tobacco products.
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What is the buzz about the TZ mode
Kolařík, Vladimír ; Matějka, František ; Matějka, Milan ; Horáček, Miroslav ; Urbánek, Michal ; Bok, Jan ; Krátký, Stanislav ; Král, Stanislav ; Mika, Filip
This contribution deals with an e-beam pattern generator BS 600 that works with a variable rectangular spot of electrons (stamp). The TZ stands for the ‘technology zoom’; its meaning is a reduction of the spot size by a factor of 3. Original description of the TZ exposure mode can be found in (1), [2] and [3]; further aspects concerning the exposure system and its electron source were described in [4] and [5]; technology and related topics are discussed in [6], [7], [8] and [9]; overview of application areas is in [10], [11] and [12]; and finally, very recent results are summarized in [13], [14] and [15].
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Preparation and properties of MgO-Ni(Fe) nanocrystalline composite
Schneeweiss, Oldřich ; Pizúrová, Naděžda ; Jirásková, Yvonna ; Žák, Tomáš ; Bezdička, Petr ; Večerníková, Eva
We have prepared MgO-Ni(Fe) nanocrystalline composites by controlled heat treatment of compacted spark synthesized nanocrystalline powders. Besides particle sizes and their chemical compositions, influence of interaction with surrounding atmosphere and adsorbed gases on phase composition and magnetic properties were investigated. Mössbauer spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and TEM were used for phase analysis. Thermomagnetic curves and DTA/TG measurements were applied for detection of changes in structure and phase composition during heat treatments. The simultaneous gas analysis using mass spectroscopy by heating yielded information on adsorbed and dissolved gases and their reactions with the nanoparticles.
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Free radicals and aging I.
Brtnická, Pavla ; Dršata, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kvasničková, Eva (advisor)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Brtnická Consultant: prof. RNDr. Eva Kvasničková, CSc Title: Free radicals and aging I. Aging process consists of progressive and irreversible processes in organelles, cells and entire organism, that lead to cumulation of changes responsible for activity reduction in physiological functions and increase sensitiveness to stress and illnesses. These are changes in important biomolecules like nucleric acids, proteins and lipids. Ideas of aging are very ambiguous and are changing in new studies, in which are more accurate, developed or adjust older studies. A lot of aging theories were translated from the start of 20. century. None of them contained explanation of all changes in organism during lifetime. Only in 50th in 20th century Dr. Denham Harman came with theory about free radicals, which are to the fore for todays. This theory has defenders and opponents like each other. It suggests that aging process is cumulation of changes caused by very reactive particles called free radicals. Most important free radicals are hydrogen peroxide, superoxid, radical of hydroxyl and dioxide nitrogen, which are working like physiologicaly then pathogenic in organism. For preserving level of free...
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Programming of drivers of external devices and data evaluation in C++
Kaščák, Kamil ; Lokoč, Jakub (referee) ; Kodyš, Peter (advisor)
In the present work we study current status of drivers for external devices in clean room in Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics. In this work we analyse existing software and create a new driver for communication through RS232 port. Work studies various possibilities of serial communication in Windows and Linux and creates possible design for driver, which is based on creating universal layer for supplying communication between user programs and external devices. Work describes important steps of implementation in both operating systems. Next part consists of user documentation for created software. This documentation focuses on di erences of usage in Windows and Linux. At the end work shows report from testing software with real devices and gives advices, which should programmer follows when creating similar software solution.
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