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Motherhood and culture
Součková, Zdenka ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The subject of the bachelor's thesis is a theoretical analysis of a maternal behavior. It will rely mainly on a culturological model of an interpretation of a culture on three structural levels (the level of the genus Homo, the level of socio-cultural systems in time and space and the level of an individual). In the first part it focuses on the maternal behavior from an evolutionary perspective, in which the author uses mainly the knowledge and concepts of primatology, evolutionary psychology, comparative psychology and ethology. The goal is to describe the basic principles that are involved in shaping the maternal behavior, especially in humans. The second part works with the knowledge from the field of psychology. The subject is a historical excursion of interest in early mental development of a child in psychology, which significantly influenced the subsequent interest in the child in social and cultural anthropology. The third and final part analyzes motherhood in an intercultural perspective. The author relies on the knowledge from the field of social and cultural anthropology, where she works with both classical works and contemporary studies that deal with this issue.
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The analysis of playing interactions of a child at toddler age in a nursery
Petráňová, Tereza ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis The analysis of palying interactions of a child at toddler age in a nursery is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with the characteristics of a child at toddler age. The individual stages of child development are described here. The second chapter focuses on the child's play activities and the third characterises nursery care in the Czech Republic and abroad. The fourth chapter contains summary of the theoretical part. The survey presented in the empirical part of the thesis consists of an analysis of play interaction between two and three-year old children and their teacher in a nursery facility. The following actions of children were monitored: vocalisation, eye contact with other people and expression of emotions, motor activity, toy preference and mutual physical contact between the teacher and a child. Video records were analysed using applications V.I.P. (Video Interactive Procesor) and MS Excel. I compared not only the data of all children, but I also focused on a comparison between the boys and girls in terms of different gender. Key words: toddler, play interaction, nursery facility, nursery teacher, child development, parental care.
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Parental behavior and recognition of juveniles in geckos of genus Teratoscincus
Suchomelová, Petra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
4 ANNOTATION The diploma thesis deals with parental behavior and recognition of youngs by two kinds of desert geckos of genus Teratoscincus, specifically T. scincus and T. keyserlingii. The geckos inhabit a very extreme environment where it is not easy to survive, especially for the small hatchlings. Therefore, it is probable that small hatchlings live together with their parents in their territory for some time. If the parents tolerated them inside their territory, they would provide them with an indirect form of parental care. In the first part of the thesis the hypothesis that adults tolerate to the presence of juvenile conspecifics and heterospecifics (Eublepharis macularius) was tested. The main goal was to determine whether adults tolerate juveniles generally or whether they recognize juveniles conspecifics. To support the hypothesis of the adults' tolerance of juveniles the eggs of the adult geckos living in pair were left in their terrarium until the hatching of the juvenile. Further, the reaction of adult geckos to the presence of a E. macularius juvenile (small), admitted into the terrarium, was tested. The aim was to find out whether the two kinds of geckos, preying other geckoes in the nature, show predatory behavior toward the E. macularius. The standard experiment was carried out in the second...
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Family and social security benefits. Typology of families receiving social security benefits in the region Třeboň.
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor is work focuses on the topic of family and social support. Some families would not currently stand a fulfillment of their functions without the state´s help. This work´s aim was to analyse and describe characteristic features of the families that are on the dole and to form a basic typology of these families, taking into account the factors that influence the claim for social security benefits. In the theoretic part basic terms are defined, the terms that are related to family, parental care and social support (types, functions, coverage). The practical part is devoted to the analysis of Třeboň´s claimants´official documents. The identified types of families are described further in a case study.
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Specific Methods of Social Work with Families in the Course of the Exercise of Parental Responsibility after Divorce
BALOUN, Ingrid
The diploma thesis deals with the specific methods of social work with a family during the post-divorce child custody trial. The goal of my thesis is to find out what methods are applied by social workers during their work with families at child custody trial. I stated the research inquiry as follows: what are the barriers identifed by social workers during their work with families undergoing a post-divorce child custody trial? As for the empirical part of the thesis, I adopted the method of qualitative research in the form of partially structured interviews with social workers. The interviewed sample consists of twelve social workers who were at the time engaged in post-divorce child custody trials. Two main critierions were set for selecting the twelve interviewees - the first criterion being that the social workers must be currently working with families during a post-divorce child custody trial, and the second being that all the social workers have been working for an institution for social and legal protection of children for at least one year. The research has brought the following outcomes: the social workers in question mostly adopt the task-oriented approach as well as the anti-oppressive approach. During a conversation with clients the most commonly used method is active listening. With children, it would be the drawing method. On my way to reaching the goal of my thesis I identified a social workers related problem: half the interviewees did not know what methods there are in the field of social work. Most interviewees said that the biggest barrier in their work is the client who is under the influence of alcohol or drugs and also one that is aggressive. The thesis identified some demerits of social workers as well as their seniors, for instance the failing to follow the norms, and could, hopefully help them to realize these flaws and retrieve them in the future.
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Social policy tools in support of active fatherhood in the Czech Republic in 2015
Novotný, Jáchym ; Bartůsková, Lucia (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
The growing emancipation of women on the labour market causes problems in reconciling their professional and parental roles. The present thesis discusses possible solutions to this problem by involving fathers in childcare and household care. It analyzes the feasibility of this approach, as well as its possible legislative and financial support. The theoretical part examines the current Czech legislation in this area within an international context. Both the legislative and financial tools are subsequently analyzed in the practical part. The thesis focuses on paternal and parental leaves and part-time jobs. Based on the analysis and international comparison, it proposes the factors crucial for using these benefits and looks for ways of effectively influencing these factors.
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Importance of the presence of parents for the eggs development and fry mortality in fish of the genus \kur{Hemichromis}
MICHALIČKA, Petr
Through this experiment there was examined the effect of the presence of the parents in the development and mortality of fish spawn of the genus Hemichromis. Hemichromis guttatus was selected for this experiment as a model species. It was found that the parental care in the fish genus Hemichromis is most needed during the period when the offspring is in the stage of eggs. In this stage, the absence of parents showed higher level of mortality (greater number of attacked by mold eggs left without parental care). In other developmental stages of the offspring the parental care was not a great advantage, on the contrary, in some cases allowing parents to take care of the screed was a disadvantage due to cannibalism.
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Ethological study of White-faced Saki (Pithecia pithecia pithecia) in Jihlava zoo.
OKŘINOVÁ, Isabela
The aim of this work was to study the display of parental care of their offspring in the group of white-faced saki in Jihlava ZOO. Furthermore, the socially and sexually conditioned relations and their development in time were studied. The study focused on the effect of the young birth on the relationships among the group members. The study also includes the discussion on the observed results and information from other breeding groups and from the wild.
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Parental behaviour and its relationship to social and reproductive system in voles \kur{(Microtus, Arvicolinae)}
ELIÁŠOVÁ, Michaela
I examined parental behaviour of three vole species, the brandt{\crq}s vole (Microtus brandti), the common vole (M. arvalis) and the levant vole (M. guentheri) in laboratory conditions. Monogamous and highly social Brandt{\crq}s voles displayed high levels of parental and paternal care. However, mostly promiscuous and solitary common voles also exhibited an intensive parental care. In contrast, polygynous and social levant voles displayed very low levels of parental care. Males of both latter species engaged in parental activities but spent less time in contact with pups then females. These findings suggest that intensive parental care may be connected rather with the high growth rate a slower postnatal development of the species than with social or reproductive system.
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