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Development of Play of 2-4years old Children in a Kindergarten
Masnerová, Lucie ; Hejlová, Helena (referee) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee)
Doctoral thesis in its theoretical and practical parts focuses on the free play of children in a kindergarten and its development in a group of 2,5 - 4 years old children. The theoretical part provides a deeper understanding of play, especially with 2 - 4 years old children, and lays a foundation for the research. The practical part, based on two observations (in the span of one year and half a year) of free play of two homogenous groups of children, monitors the development of play and finds out, how the quality of play changes with individuals as well as the group. This part follows the process of incorporation of the child into the play group, influence of gender of the child on the choice of a toy. Then it focuses on the course of pretend and role plays of 2,5 - 4 years old children. It monitors which themes of plays and which roles children choose and how active children are in the play with the children of similar age. The main method of the research is observation. The conclusion from the outcome of the research shows importance of free play for a preschool child and the changes in its course and confirms the influence of free play in the process of early secondary socialization. It discusses also possible practical use of the observations for further work of a kindergarten teacher. Key...
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Tomboy - the identity of a young school girl with non-feminine features
Brožová, Martina ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Onder, Jakub (referee)
My bachelor's thesis deals with development of the identity of a young school girl with non- feminine features. I am trying to bring insight into her self-perception, to understand questions like what are her differences, how she feels about her position in the family and among school friends, what are her role models and whether she wants to get rid of her differences or whether they are desirable. I am also trying to look into the social context of her closest environment and her classroom, what is dominant idea of femininity and masculinity in that class, whether she can be the target of homophobia due to her being different and what is her teacher's attitude towards her. I found that in the girl's class, gender plays an important part. The girl with insufficient femininity is being excluded. Assessment of femininity by her peers is a subject to common social and class norms. Class norms do not follow her family background, where there is distinctive overemphasis on masculinity compared to femininity. Expressions of masculinity are valued and strengthened by role models. The study consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. In the first part I compare the facts from available literature with the facts of my research in disscusion. The theoretical part of this diploma study contains the...
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Gender aspects of children's literature
Luhanová, Alexandra ; Brožová, Věra (advisor) ; Mocná, Dagmar (referee)
The relation between literature and gender themes has been studied from the first half of twentieth century especially in America and Great Britain. At the beginning it was concern of feminism orientated activists who focused on folk tales and their influence on female identity. Later the range of scientists focused on gender became wider just as the range of themes related to gender did. From the end of last century we don't consider the theme of gender as a specific theme of feminists wanting equality of gender. There are some new topics as for example new models of family and their presentation in children's literature. As new models of family we understand living in divorced family or living with parents of the same sex. Authors of these books want to help children to deal with this new situation but they want to impress the public as well. The most important books focused on this theme were published thirty years ago in the USA and Great Britain but we still can't find this in our bookshops. This finding seems understandable with books with gay and lesbian themes, because it's not so long since the registered partnership was legalized and there are probably not many families with parents of the same gender. What is surprising is absence of titles considering divorces because it's a social problem of...
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Gender at basic schools for hearing impaired
Pánková, Tereza ; Ptáčková, Klára (advisor) ; Mrkosová, Eva (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with gender and gender stereotypes on basic school for children with hearing impairment in the area of relationships and communication between teachers and pupils and between pupils mutually. Theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part of theoretical part deals with defining basic terms, which relate to gender issues, ie. term of gender, gender stereotypes, gender roles etc. Furthermore, this part deals with gender in school. The second part is dedicated to a person with hearing impairment, its development and its effect on the personality. It also deals with the basic education of people with hearing impairment. These two parts are connected the chapter, which deals with gender, education and disabilities. Practical part deals with concrete areas related to the relationships and communication between pupils and students and between pupils mutually. To explore gender stereotypes in this area this thesis uses the qualitative analysis of data obtained through observation of teaching at the school for children with hearing impaired and structured interview with teachers.
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Free play of 2-4year old children in a foreign-language kindergarten
Masnerová, Lucie ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis in its theoretical and practical parts focuses on free play of children in pre-school facilities. Kindergarten is the place of early secondary socialization of the child and that's why one part of the diploma thesis is centred on this theme. The theoretical part helps for a deeper understanding of play, especially with 2-4 year old children and builds a foundation for the research. The practical part, based on one year's observation, monitors development of free play of a homogeneous group of children and finds how the quality of play changes with individuals as well as the group. Another focus lies on comparing two separate groups of children in their free play - one group having long term experience with free play and one without such regular experience. The main method of the research is observation. The results of the research points to the importance of free play for a pre-school age child and confirms the influence of free play in the process of early secondary socialization.
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Gender Differences: Unequal Opportunities of Women in Top Management
Kratochvílová, Alice ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the rate of discrimination that women face in top management positions. Theoretical part focuses on the determination of basic theory, gender role, defining discrimination and it's measuring. It also outlines the various theoretical perspectives of discrimination. The thesis also considers the connection between discrimination and related factors which influence the wage. Practical part is focused on the verification of outlined hypothesis. The verification was done through survey. Results confirm the hypothesis that the women face discrimination in the labor market. The 48% of women in top management positions are confronted with discrimination. The outcome of the research also found out that the women's discrimination affects their gross monthly wages. All results are in line with theories outlined in the thesis such as Becker (1957) or Haveman (2012).
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The research on pres-school children's favorite toys with respect to their gender.
PECHKOVÁ, Gabriela
This work tries to capture how and how gender influences the selection of children games and toys. Raises the question of to what degree does gender socialization and identity, family, kindergarten, but also society. The theoretical part explain the basic concepts, such as gender, gender identity, game, toy. It presents various views on this issue because of the historical and contemporary perspective. The work tries to unravel the mystery of girls and boys role of preschool age. In the practical part, using qualitative methods to try a sample of kindergarten children to explain the results of its investigation, revealing a selection of popular games and toys girls and boys of preschool age.
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Absence of the father during raising a child within the relation to self-concept and creating the gender role of a child
HANUŠOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor's thesis discusses a phenomenon of father absence and its effect on selfconcept and shaping of child's gender role. The theoretical section focuses on a summary of both theoretical and practical findings related to the given issues. For example, circumstances of family disintegration, particularities of fatherhood concerning relationships with son and daughter and possible consequences of father absence in a life of a child are explained. Clarification of the term "selfconcept" and "selfevaluation" as well as depicting gender issues is also crucial in this thesis. Some of, both directly and indirectly, related surveys are included in this section. A possible impact of a biological father's absence on a self-concept and gender role of early mature individuals is illustrated in the practical section. The essence of this section is to find out whether it is possible to detect differences in selfconcept of individuals from complete and incomplete (alternatively supplemented) family and whether there are differences in perception of gender roles among individuals from each category. These presumptions were scrutinised (using Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale and Personal Attributes Questionnaire) in a sample of adult individuals from complete (n=101) and incomplete or supplemented (n=48) families. Four hypotheses were proposed, none of which could be validated due to the results. The discussion deals with possible causes and limitations of these conclusions.
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The Issue of Gender Pay Gap in countries of European Union and the Czech Republic
BENDLOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor work deals with problem of Gender Pay Gap which represents the average difference between earnings of men and women. It is said that women are discriminated in their wages because they are paid by 17% less than men (in Czech Republic women are paid 25 % less than their male colleagues). First part of this work includes historical female participation in labour market and their right to education. Next chapter describes the present situation of gender ineguality and various types of female discrimination. The main part of this work explains the main reasons of Gender Pay Gap such as horizontal segregation and vertical segregation. One of the last chapters focuses on tools to eliminate inequality in wages through legislation of the European Union. The end of this work compares efforts of equal opportunities between members of European Union and Czech Republic. In northern states such as Sweden and Norway, there many positive laws were done and there is a chance to eliminate the pay gap in the Czech Republic too.
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Changes in gender roles and thein manifestations
Černá, Ivana ; Pauknerová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hubinková, Zuzana (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to map situation in families, where man takes a maternity (parental) leave and woman is working. Furthermore, to learn what changes do we notice in comparison to the traditional gender roles in the past, the way that most people imagine them. I find this subject altogether actual, considering, that I myself know some families, where roles and responsibilities in the household care and children nurture are not, as they used to be in the times of our grandparents, when men provided material security and women took care of household and children. In the practical part of my thesis, I used two causuistries and further interviews, in which I found out very interesting opinions of the respondents, even from the point of view where they had their gender roles switched. The results suggest that nowadays, we really can see some shift in gender roles from the traditional view of the society, even though it is still minor. Often it's in families, where woman has higher income, so the roles switch for financial reasons.
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