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The role of TRPV1 receptors in chemokine CCL2 induced modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission at spinal cord level
Adámek, Pavel ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn is a significant mechanism in the development and maintenance of different pathological pain states. Accumulating evidence indicates that the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) receptor and chemokine CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2) may play a critical role in this process. The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate the CCL2 induced modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of spinal cord and the role of the TRPV1 receptors. To investigate this aim patch-clamp recordings of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC, mEPSC) from superficial dorsal horn neurons in acute rat lumbar spinal cord slices were used. After acute application of CCL2 on the slice preparation from naïve animals, a frequency increase of both sEPSC and mEPSC was present. This CCL2 induced increase in both sEPSC and mEPSC frequency was prevented by the TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB366791 application. No changes were observed in the amplitudes of sEPSC or mEPSC after application of the CCL2, SB366791, or co-application of CCL2 and SB366791. This suggests that the observed changes were mediated predominantly by presynaptic mechanisms. The preliminary results indicate that after chronic constriction...
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Fear of pain
Grecmanová, Jana ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Švarcová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the important relationship between pain, fear of pain and an avoidance behavior of patiens. The thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical part and empirical part. The first part defines the basic concepts such as pain, pain behavior, anxiety, fear and avoidance behavior. This thesis explains what is normal fear and which fear is already phobia. There are described differences in detail between anxiety and fear, which are often confused with each other. It brifly desribes two theories of anxiety and fear - Rachman's and Eysenck's. It adds four models of relations between fear and chronic pain that attempt to answer the question, such as bio-psycho-social mechanisms fear of pain may affect patient behavior. In conclusion, the theoretical section describes the methods of evaluation the fear of pain and strategy how to overcome it and not to give up it. The empirical section is focused on the intensity of fear in patient with chronic pain depending on gender, age and their current pain. There are also researched differences in the use of strategy of control over fear among men and women. Finally we found which gender use more avoidance behaviour of painful activities and movements. For processing of this issue and determine the objectives was chosen quantitative...
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Physiotherapy for Lumbar Disc Protrusion within Conservative Treatment
Jechová, Věra ; Rybářová, Jana (advisor) ; Němeček, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the physiotherapy of a spinal disc protrusion in the lumbar region, which is a possible cause of intense pain and often leads to decrease of one's life quality. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part discusses functional spinal anatomy and adjacent structures and the influence of ontogenetic development on the motoric apparatus. It describes possible clinical symptoms and diagnostical procedures. It is concerned with the most used therapeutic practices of kinesiology, physical therapy and special treatments and also covers the possibility of health resort therapy. In the empirical part are described case reports of three chronical patients with different types of disc protrusion manifestation in the lumbar region with short-term and long-term physiotherapeutic plan. In the discussion it contemplates the possible causes of the difficulties, prognosis of the sickness, prevention and psychosocial support for chronically sick patients
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The Effect of Facilitating Kinesio Taping of lower scapula fixators on pain threshold of trigger points in the m. trapezius pars descendens
Bahenská, Eva ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Name: The Effect of Facilitating Kinesio Taping of lower scapula fixators on pain threshold of trigger points in the m. trapezius pars descendens Objectives: This study is a pilot study. The goal of this study is to determine effects of Facilitating Kinesio Taping of lower scapula fixators on painfulness of trigger points in the m. trapezius pars descendens. Methods: The study took place in a private medical office with thirteen patients. All of these patients were physically examined using standard tests of physiotherapy. Patients were measured using a pressure algometer to assess trigger points as painful. They reported the intensity of pain on VAS. The places of measurement were trigger points one and two in the muscle according Travell and Simons. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS 15.0 and Microsoft Office Excel. Results: This study had three hypotheses. In the case of the first hypothesis, I concluded that KT has an effect on the pain threshold and its application will reduce the pain threshold in m.trapezius pars descendens. Statistical significance was the value of p = 0.03 and p = 0.011, the value of material significance (101.31 kPa and 106.7 kPa) confirmed my theory that after KT will increase the pressure of 100 kPa in the TrP1 and TrP2. In the second hypothesis, it...
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Comparison of postoperative analgesia in ICU
Trojanová, Eva ; Bruthans, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Bohumil (referee)
The thesis deals with comparing the postoperative analgesia with a focus on pacients after hip replacement surgery at the intensive care units. The quantitative study realized at the Fakultní nemocnice v Motole and Nemocnice Třebíč during November 2012 and February 2013. The main task of the theoretical part is to analyze the current trends in the field of post- operativeanalgesia by the patients undergoing hip joint surgery as well as the explanation the basicconcepts of this issue and overviewing the international postoperative pain treatments. The practical part is an objective comparison the postoperative analgesia byselected patients at the Fakultní nemocnice v Motole and Nemocnice Třebíč determined by questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire are processed into graphical representation and subsequently evaluated. The work serves to clarify the overall issue of post-operative analgesia. The focus is mainly on ensuring the quality of postoperative analgesia, the financial requirements administered analgesics and the possible complications associated with the use of analgesic therapy. Key words: Analgesia, pain, hip surgery, visual analogue scale, analgesics
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Search for the meaning of suffering in the life and work of Blessed John Paul II.
Spišák, Róbert ; Ryšková, Mireia (referee) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
Search for the meaning of suffering in the life and work of bl. John Paul II. During his long pontificate, John Paul II. commented on many current problems, but he perceived the matter of suffering in the most sensitive way. He boldly criticized all that is threatening to a man or brings pain. On the other hand, he strongly emphasized, that life in suffering is meaningful. What brought him to this conclusion? Which life events aided him in this search? How did he develop on his personal spiritual way, where he found meaning in suffering and thus became an authentic teacher in this area? The answers are proposed in this thesis, which is divided into three chapters: From a childhood to a priesthood; From the Priest Ordination to the Roman Pontificate; The Pontificate - the Pope "speaking" and "silent". The author advances chronologically and applies hagiographic-personalistic approach, which takes into account particular life events of a man and takes interest in his spiritual growth. Already in his childhood and an early manhood, Karol Wojtyla was greatly tried by suffering. This is shown in quite a detail in the first chapter. First it is death of his mother and then unexpected death of his brother Edmund. In both cases the most significant issue for Wojtyla is his father's attitude, who is seeking...
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Behaviour towards the dying
Puková, Hana ; Lorman, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
Dead is a part of our human life. Even in the old days human was asking questions about himself: "Who am I? Where do I come from? Where do I go?" And last but not least understood his mortality. Dying is a part of life. It is a period for a human, when everything finishes. When is he really dead though? Is it really the moment when his heart beat and blood circulation stops and he stops breathing? Or is he dead for the others in the moment of his hard illness? A view of a patient trying to add Christian view, ie the possibility of seeking hope in a desperate situation that exceeds our life and dead. The aim of the thesis is to point out an adequate behaviour to a dying human being.
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Informedness about epidural analgesia and its practical utilization in obstetrics
Máslová, Marie ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Matulová, Jana (referee)
Author: Marie Máslová Institution: Social Medicine Institute, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Title of the thesis: The awareness of epidural analgesia and its use in current obstetric practise Thesis consultant: Mgr. Eva Vachková Number of pages: 94 Number of appendices: 8 Year of defense: 2013 Key words: childbirth, obstetric analgesia, epidural analgesia, pain, awareness Summary: This thesis finds awareness about women's labor epidural analgesia and monitors its use in current obstetric practice. The theoretical part provides a summary of non- pharmacological and pharmacological methods to control labor pain with a focus on epidural analgesia. The practical part consists of quantitative research investigating the awareness of women about obstetric epidural analgesia with a focus on the fact that where women information about this method can be obtained. The practical part is the comparison of the intensity of pain in women with emerging EDA and women who did not use the EDA at giving a birth. The research sample consisted of postpartum women who were hospitalized at the Department of confinement in a country hospital T. Bata in Zlin.
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The phenomenon of suspension in body modification context
Šánová, Eva ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Heřmanský, Martin (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is body modification culture phenomenon called 'suspension'. It is a voluntary act of suspending a human body from hooks or piercings that have been temporarily pierced through the skin. Suspension is an age-old technique practiced for example by North American Indian Mandan tribe. It has been brought to the modern era and body modification culture by modern primitives. The part of the thesis is a placement of suspension to the broader sociocultural and historical context, there will be also space for development of concept of body, embodiment and pain in the western word and ritual aspect of suspension. The source for this work is mainly accessible literature, internet pages dedicated to body modifications and participant observation completed with interviews with people who had been suspended.
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