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A comparison of existing a proposed pension system in the Czech Republic
Šubová, Lucie ; Urbánek, Václav (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with a comparison of existing a proposed pension system in the Czech Republic, which should take effect from 1st January 2013. In the first chapter I describe the existing pension system, the principles of its operation, its most significant advantages and disadvantages. I also describe the factor that cause the problems in the system and that are the main arguments in benefit of the need for pension reform. In the second chapter I describe the new pension system in the form in which it was adopted by the Parliament on 6th November 2011. Mainly I draw attention to the most significant changes that should occur after 1st January 2013. The third chapter contains a case study that compares the probable amount of the proper old age pension in the existing system and new system. I reconnoitre if the new system is advantageous for the insured.
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EU social policy including the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden
Tůmová, Veronika ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
The thesis describes the historical evolution of the EU social policy, clarifies the concept of the European social model and deals with characteristics of the basic models of the European social policy. The essential part of the thesis is devoted to the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden from the point of view of the amount of taxes and social contributions, the structure of receipts and expenditure on social policy, the systems of old age pension schemes, the family policy and the unemployment benefit. The comparison shows some typical elements of the social state model that these two countries represent. The attention is also devoted to the contemporary challenges which the European social model has to face, especially the demographic development and aspects of globalization. The attitude and responses of the European Union to these challenges are also mentioned here.
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Impact of education on long-term economic growth and pension system deficits
Münich, Daniel ; Ondko, Peter ; Straka, Jan
Long-term economic growth has a significant impact on the quality of life in a country. The education of its citizens is an important factor influencing the growth. Nevertheless, the relationship between economic growth and education is very long-term and not apparent at the first glance. However, this long-term relation can be illuminated with the help of quantitative projections. For this purpose, we use empirical estimates presented in the recent OECD report by Erik Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann. If the Czech Republic puts in place educational reform that leads to the increase of average cognitive skill level of 15 year old pupils (as measured by PISA survey) by a mere 25 points - hence only a fourth of the standard deviation, GDP in the current value is estimated to cumulatively increase by 12 trillion CZK over the next 80 years, thus 357 percent of the current annual GDP of the country. Unfortunately, the decrease in average cognitive skills levels that took place in the Czech Republic in the last decade leads to a similar GDP loss. If we were able to improve the average cognitive skills levels to Finnish standards, the additional production would even reach 707% of today’s GDP. If the average cognitive skills levels of the children of parents without high school degrees could be brought up to the level of those whose parents have high school degrees, it would increase production by 152% of the current GDP. The potential benefits recalculated in terms of annual budget exceed the current state budget deficit or budget for education. Finally, the higher GDP growth would significantly reduce the cumulated pension deficit.
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Population ageing in the Czech Republic and surrounding countries
Podzimková, Michaela ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Pechholdová, Markéta (referee)
The bachelor thesis shows ageing of population over the last twenty years in the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and the Slovak Republic using large number of demographic indicators describing the dynamics and intensity of population ageing. It aims to outline possible future developments and impacts on individuals and the society. The process of ageing has been going on for several years almost all over the world mainly due to declining natality and mortality rates and is expected to continue in the coming decades. During the reported period, there has been a large increase in the proportion of persons over fifty years and as the population ages, number of people in the oldest age groups has also rapidly increased. In the coming years, it is more likely that Old-Age Dependency Ratio will continue to increase and it will refer to a situation where the number of recipients of money from health and pension systems will be funded by a relatively small group of people in the productive age.
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Vývoj střední délky života a dlouhověkosti v ČR
Fridrichová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes trends in life expectancy of long-living people in the Czech Republic. Aim of this study is to compare developments in life expectancies for long-living people in the Czech Republic and Austria between 1960-2014, both in terms of predetermined age groups and between both sexes. This work also includes a projection of mortality rates and life expectancy. Projections are calculated for year 2050, specifically for people of 60 years and older, and it is based on mortality projections from the Czech Statistical Office. Values are given for men and women separately. While calculations and estimates show that life expectancy is extending, it impacts most developed countries with the burden of aging population, manifested by overal decline in mortality rates and increasing amount of elderly people. Historically in most societies an 80 year old, or older person was a rarity, but in recent years their number is increasing to the point of being a new normal. This trend is obviously positive, but it does pose a number of challenges for the respective societies, especially for their pension, social security and medical systems.
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The impact of ageing of the population to the Czech economy and comparison with selected European countries among years 2005 and 2015
Šimůnková, Michaela ; Kolman, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brabec, Petr (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the current situation of the Czech republic in comparison to other European countries. The thesis focuses on the evaluation of the evolution of the population of the Czech Republic and the impact to the balance of the pension account. Furthermore the thesis analyses specific factors including the influence it will have on employment beyond a pensionable age in comparison with other European countries, concentrating more on Norway and Great Britain. It evaluates that the Czech Republic is below the average in the most of the selected factors. Using structured interview, monitors the situation of employees beyond 50 years old, including their satisfaction at work, the possibility of flexible forms of work, awareness of pension systems and their personal attitude to working beyond the pensionable age.
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Society and seniors
Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Löster, Tomáš (referee)
The European Commission has declared 2012 The European year for active aging and solidarity between generations. This issue calls each society to analyze the process of population aging and it's social and economic consequences. Currently active aging can be the key to solve the demographic trends, because Europe is the continent with the slowest population growth. The present study follows the issue of seniors from a demographic and socio-economic point of view, as well as social attitudes towards seniors. Process of demographic aging in the Czech Republic is characterized by using literature and statistical sources, as well as the position of society to activity of the post-productive population in the labor market, to health, social security and pension, as well as the relationship within the family and society. Attention is given to life satisfaction and quality of life of older people. The submitted diploma thesis has a theoretical-empirical nature. The theoretical part consists of five chapters. The first chapter defines the basic concepts associated with the process of aging. The following chapters are dealing with life satisfaction and quality of life of older people, as well as with social and intergenerational relationships in the family and in society as a whole. The socio-economic impact of demographic aging on society and the measures needed to deal with the unfavorable consequences are also presented. The thesis also includes a questionnaire and evaluation of life satisfaction and quality of life of seniors, addressed to two groups of people at retirement age. The aim of work is reflecting the period of old age and life satisfaction of the elderly. Another aim of this thesis is to characterize the evolution of aging in the Czech Republic, highlighting its likely future development. The results are dedicated for those who seek to understand this issue of the elderly in our society.
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Pension reform in the Czech republic and its approach focused on second pillar
Dvořáková, Monika ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
My diploma dissertation concerns the theoretical introduction of the retirement system, economic theories and the cause of the retirement reform in the first part. The second part represents the analysis of so-called small retirement reform and is focused on the retirement system since the beginning in 2013 with the accent to newly established retirement saving. The aim of my diploma dissertation is the evaluation of the existing functioning of the second pillar and the reasons of the low interest of the inhabitants. The comparison with the chosen states where the retirement saving already operates is a part of the second pillar analysis. Slovakia and Hungary are the European representatives with the similar schema of the retirement system and Chilean system is based on the fund financing. The opinion of the population was checked with the questioning. The pivotal part of my diploma dissertation and its main goal is the analysis of the second pillar accession availability from the age, income, family situation, investment strategy point of view and other criteria. The strategy with the low earning is suitable for the higher incomes only as resulted from the calculation. The more aggressive investment strategy with higher earning is convenient for the younger people with lower income and the older the more suitable access contingent on the higher income. As there is no interest in the second pillar participation the goal of my diploma dissertation is the proposal of alternative methods as investment or saving products of the bank institution for the old age security.
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Pension system in the Czech Republic - the trends and current status - economic context
Šíp, Jan ; Smrčka, Luboš (advisor) ; Schönfeld, Jaroslav (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the pension system of Czech Republic and to demonstrate how specific age and income groups should save for the old age, and also how much should each group save so their standard of living is not lowered when they retire. The trends of the pension system are described in first part of the thesis. Also, the beginning of the pension system worldwide is described. The second part of the thesis consists of calculations for each group of people, long-term outlook and subjective view of the author.
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Poverty and solitude ratio among generation 65+
NEJEDLÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with the life of people over sixty-five years, with special focus on financial security and loneliness. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the problems of aging and aging-related changes. Following chapters are devoted to the issues of poverty, gender inequalities in old age and social exclusion. Furthermore, according to the available scientific literature, i describe the themes of loneliness, the impact of loneliness on health and the importance of interpersonal relationships on the issue of loneliness. The thesis aims to better understand the impact of life events and life circumstances on poverty and loneliness in the lives of respondents, and how were these aspects perceived and experienced in the past. Also how do they perceive their current situation, especially in the area of the financial safety and loneliness. There was random selection of five respondents for the research with special objectives in mind equal participation both men and women and living alone after divorce or widowhood and marriage / partnership. These respondents retold their life stories with the help of extensive narrative interviews, which I later transcribed in detail and carefully read through, not to omit important milestones in their lives, which helped me to accomplish the aim of the thesis. For the practical part of the thesis I have chosen the strategy of qualitative research using narrative interviews. Narrative mode is based on a unique and compelling life story presentation with an emphasis on life experience. This technique is suitable for the older generation, which was also confirmed during the research. Two main questions were established for the research. 1.Did the experienced life events and life circumstances influence poverty and loneliness in their current lives? 2. How they perceived and experienced the poverty and loneliness during their lifetime? To answer these questions, it was necessary to keep the conversation arend relevant topics. The research resulted in the following conclusions. Surprisingly, respondents feel no poverty, although the level of their pension is often very near poverty area. Poverty is percieved as the situation of nothing to eat, nowhere to live and no means of subsistence. The explanation lies in the fact that all respondents lived in a time and place where you had to make do with less, and it is the source of their modesty and unpretentiousness. All respondents agree that the transition to retirement was an important milestone in their lives. Altough current pensions doesn't provide for that much activities they were accustomed to, they don't perceive their situation as feeling poor. You can say, that a modest life prepare respondents for life in retirement. In a similar way, respondents expressed the theme of loneliness. In all the interviews family was dominating factor. Respondents living in villages and small sized towns declare to maintain good neighbor relationships, often lasting from the time of childhood. Loneliness is most often associated with the loss of a partner. In the stories of two female respondents, there was loneliness occurance after the death of a partner. This period is stated as the worst in their life and they felt most alone then. Currently the loneliness is compensated by their children and grandchildren.
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