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Exceptions to the positive relationship between species diversity and environmental heterogeneity
Srpová, Tereza ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Divíšek, Jan (referee)
The positive relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species richness has been taken for granted for many years. However, recent studies have revealed possible alternatives to this positive relationship, such as negative or unimodal relationship. There are many possible explanations for these alternative relationships. Increasing spatial heterogeneity of a biotope of a given size inevitably leads to reduction in the effective area available to the organisms inhabiting it. At the same time, increased environmental heterogeneity can lead to fragmentation and isolation of biotope patches, which can have negative consequences for the species richness of the community. Inadequate methodology may be one of the reasons why these alternative relationships have only been discovered in the recent years. Correct information on the relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species richness is essential for decisions on biodiversity conservation. For this reason, it is necessary to discover such alternative relationships in specific ecosystems, which we aim to protect, and to always take them into account, even if they are less common.
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Requirements for compliance with ethical standards in the context of B2B contracts of sale
Kurková, Natálie ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
5 Requirements for compliance with ethical standards in the context of B2B contracts of sale Abstract With increasing requirements for non-financial reporting, as adherence to ethical standards becomes a focal point of interest for entrepreneurs, the legal framework offers an effective mechanism for ensuring compliance - a contract. First, the thesis explores the terminology associated with ethical standards, which is both extensive and fragmented. The diverse terminology can contribute to misunderstandings and complicates the exploration of how ethical standards can be incorporated into contractual relationships. The emphasis within the thesis is placed on identifying, defining and unifying key terms, which is essential in order to ensure clear comprehension of the topic and facilitating dialogue between experts across disciplines. The thesis focuses on the possibilities of integrating ethical standards into B2B purchase contracts within the legal framework of the Czech Republic. The thesis aims to explore whether and how ethical standards can be incorporated into the contractual relationship, identifying and examining two primary methods: through the characteristics of the purchase item and incorporation separate from the contract matter. The thesis examines the application challenges associated with...
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Invasive zooplankton species in Europe and factors influencing their occurence
Klečková, Barbora ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Šorf, Michal (referee)
In Europe, there are at least 8 invasive species of freshwater zooplankton: rotifers Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) and Lecane decipiens (Murray, 1913), copepods Acanthocyclops americanus (Marsh, 1892), Boeckella triarticulata (Thomson, 1883) and Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick,1879), and cladocerans Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge, 1879, Daphnia ambigua Scourfield, 1946 and Daphnia parvula Fordyce, 1901. These invasive species must face various combinations of factors in non-native environments, which can influence their occurrence,andtheir presence canhave negative impacts onnative communities in some cases. The most significant invasions seem to be those of species from North America. The first part of this work summarizes knowledge about these 8 species, mainly about the factors that appear to be limiting their occurrence. Among the best-studied invasive species in Europe are cladocerans Daphnia ambigua and Daphnia parvula, whose presence has been extensively studied in the Czech Republic at the turn of the 21st century. Therefore, the second part of this work also thoroughly examines the factors that may play a significant role in the colonization of waters by these species in Central Europe. Key words: European invasive zooplankton species, biotic factors, abiotic factors,...
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Religious and church life in the Central Bohemia countryside between 1848 and 1948: case of Mirošovice region
Tomek, Michal ; Zdichynec, Jan (advisor) ; Foltýn, Dušan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of religious life in the Mirošovice microregion. Its aim is to present the religiosity of the local inhabitants in individual villages of the micro-region and its changes during the period 1848-1948. In order to provide the necessary context, some events and developmental trends that do not fall directly into this time period are also presented, but are nevertheless essential for understanding regional religiosity. The time frame between these years is chosen due to the two revolutionary years of significance for the Czech lands. The revolutionary year 1948 has been chosen because of the harsh anti-religious policy imposed by the communists, which had a profound effect on the church and religious life of the region. The author also discusses the most important churches that were of great importance to the people of the region, not only in their religious life. These churches are primarily the Roman Catholic Church, which had its deanery in Mnichovice and the parish in Hrusice. Also important was the Czechoslovak Hussite Church having its separate congregation in Mnichovice. Furthermore, the work focuses on church buildings and parishes in the region. It also introduces figures who had a major share in the religiosity of the inhabitants, such as local priests...
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Legitimate Expectations as Part of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Investment Arbitration
Chochelová, Adriana ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Urbanová, Kristýna (referee)
Legitimate Expectations as Part of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Investment Arbitration Abstract This thesis introduces the conceptual overview of the fair and equitable treatment standard in international investment arbitration with focus on its protection of legitimate expectations. The first part of the thesis is divided into five chapters. Firstly, the standard is introduced and set into historical context. In the second chapter the author explains the relationship between the FET standard of treatment and the minimum standard of treatment of foreigners under international customary law. The third chapter showcases the different formulations of FET provisions and the effects of the wording on the application of the norm. The fourth chapter deals with the substantive contents of the standard, introducing them in separate subchapters. These contents are stability and consistency, legitimate expectations, transparency, judicial propriety, and other contents are also briefly introduced. The last chapter introduces the other standards of treatment, existing next to the FET and the relationship among them. These standards are protection from expropriation without due compensation, full protection and security, protection from discriminatory and arbitrary measures and the national or MFN...
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Characterization and application of zwitterionic stationary phases in HPLC
Machová, Dominika ; Kalíková, Květa (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the characterization and comparison of two zwitterionic stationary phases of SeQuant ZIC-HILIC and Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC columns. Analyses were performed in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation mode. The ligand bound to both stationary phases of these columns is identical, sulfoalkylbetaine. The main difference between these stationary phases is in the particles to which the ligands are bound. The type of the particles significantly contributes to different interaction and separation properties of the stationary phases. Firstly, for the basic characterization of these stationary phases, a Tanaka's test was performed. The results of this test showed that the SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column has greater cation-exchange properties than the Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC column, which, has on the other hand greater anion-exchange properties. Both stationary phases showed a higher value of the parameter describing hydrophilicity than hydrophobicity, confirming their polar nature. The properties of the stationary phases were further examined and compared based on the analysis of model analytes. These analytes included a range of small polar analytes, acids, bases, ampholytes, neutral analytes, and their mixtures. Analyses were performed at...
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IEC-104 and MODBUS protocol conversion
Syskov, Mykyta ; Grenar, David (referee) ; Slavíček, Karel (advisor)
IEC 104 and ModbusRTU communication protocols are used for control, measurement and data collection in remote terminal units (RTUs) primarily in industrial automation, especially in the power industry. This bachelor’s thesis deals with methods of data conversion between these protocols. The theoretical part contains introductions to these protocols, followed by a description of proposed methods for mutual mapping of the items of individual protocols. The result of the work are scripts that are written in the Python language. These scripts implement the described designs. The operation algorithms are documented in detail in the practical part. Finally, using the UniPi G110 device and the xS51 extension from UniPi Technology, a demonstration of the functionality of this software solution is presented.
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Analysis of DDos data with clustering
Krátký, Matěj ; Šišmiš, Lukáš (referee) ; Setinský, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the detection of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks using clustering algorithms. In the first part, different types of DDoS attacks and approaches to identify them are described. Next, the thesis studies clustering methods, specifically hierarchical and k-means clustering, for analyzing the network traffic associated with these attacks. It also includes the design of a detection system suitable for detecting DDoS attacks. This is followed by a description of the implementation of this system required for the analysis phase. The main part of the work consists of performing experiments on the available dataset and evaluating the effectiveness of the methods, parameters and attributes combinations used. Finally, the thesis discusses the application of the findings and the possibilities for further research in this area.
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Townhouse
Machů, Kateřina ; Smola, Jaroslav (referee) ; Ležatka, Lukáš (advisor)
The theme of the diploma project is an architectural study of a new building of a selected town house, defined by Veveří, Pekárenská, Kounicova and Sokolská streets. The thesis also includes the elaboration of the urban study of this block, including the adjacent urban spaces, solved in the pre-diploma project. On the plot in question there is an existing unenclosed block, which is traditional or includes elements typical of the development in this area. These are therefore houses with gabled roofs, traditional historic frontage and largely active ground floor. These existing buildings are set within an otherwise undeveloped area on the site and are not enclosed. There are residential dwellings within the existing block which have commercial uses such as a restaurant, pub, pharmacy, bar, massage parlour, hairdressers on some ground floors. There is also an Albert supermarket in the block. Otherwise, the existing land is more of a construction site. The land is situated close to the centre. Walking distance from the block to the bus stop Česká is about 10 minutes. There is a protected tree in the area named Platan Professor Chudoba. This tree has a buffer zone around it, thus defining the area for the proposed house. I am proposing two enclosed blocks within the study area. One which encloses an existing section of existing houses and a second block which is entirely new. Between these two blocks, I am rebuilding Race Street. This street is currently only accessible from Kounicova Street and is a dead end. I am renewing the street and extending it to Veveří Street, thus dividing the area into two units that are more pleasant in scale and also in scale with the surrounding blocks. The block that I am enclosing with the existing houses will replicate elements of these houses. I am referring to this block as the Traditional Block in working terms. My proposed houses in this traditional block will have a traditional gabled roof and a soft white façade. In the second, completely newly designed block, which I am referring to as the modern block, all the buildings will have flat roofs, some of which will then be fitted with a vegetated roof and the whole building will have a suspended brick façade. My aim is to create a pleasant environment for residents, customers and employees alike. To create interesting and lucrative spaces that will be pleasing to look at and to live in.
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Analysis of employee costs in a construction company
Lajner, Adam ; Tuscher, Martin (referee) ; Kocourková, Gabriela (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the analysis of labor wage costs in the construction industry, comparing employees of companies with external workers (self-employed). The main aim is to compare the costs associated with these two types of labor on a specific construction project. The theoretical part addresses wage policy in the Czech Republic, explaining fundamental concepts such as wage, salary, net and gross wages, as well as the differences between guaranteed and minimum wages. It also focuses on pricing in the construction industry. The practical part of the thesis deals with a specific construction project and conducts a comparative analysis of wage costs for self-employed workers and employees. It describes the project, the developer and construction company, a specific residential building, and its budget. Wage costs associated with the activities of individual participants in the construction are anylyzed In conclusion, the acquired information and data are summarized and analyzed, providing a clear picture of the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of employing internal workers compared to hiring self-employed workers in the construction industry
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