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The international law position of child soldiers
Vrba, Jan ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
This work is devoted to international law, particularly humanitarian law and human rights with emphasis on international legal instruments governing the position of children serving in the armed forces. In this work are discussed various international conventions, as well as mechanisms for the protection of child soldiers. The first chapter defines the position of child soldiers and the specifics of their involvement in military conflicts. The decisive criteria for the involvement of children in government armed forces or non-state army is age. Furthermore there is described into more details the mechanism of conscription into the army. There is difference between voluntary and forced recruitment of child soldiers. The various international legal instruments are analyzed more in detail in chapter two. The issue of Child soldiers is addressed with both the rules of humanitarian law, specifically the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions and Human rights conventions. Special attention is paid to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict. Analyzed is the only regional convention addressing the problem of child soldiers -the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The issue of child recruitment is also...
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Biodiversity of standing floodplain waters and processes of its formation and preservation
Pithart, David
Water chemistry and planktic communities in the naturally eutrophic alluvial waters in the Lužnice floodplain have been studied. The floofplain waters are naturally eutrophic, with strong vertical physico-chemical gradients and oxygen depletions at the botom. Small pools and backwaters of this type have unique phytoplankton structure. Prevailing dominance of flegellates, namely Cryptophyceae, and low proportion of green chlorococcal algae and Diatoms, and almost absence of Cyanophyceae are very unusual for such eutrophic waters. Flagellate dominate thanks their ability to keep the vertical position in a permanently light limited conditions (resulted from poorly mixed water columns and intensive shading of water surface by vegetation). Floodplain geodiversity play crucial role, determining morphology and location of pools and backwaters, their exposition to flooding and inflows of underground water. Terrestial vegetation effects light exposition, leaf litter.
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Stumbling blocks for hard of hearing people living in a normally hearing population
Hradilová, Tereza ; Hádková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Roučková, Jarmila (referee)
Summary: The bachelor thesis deals with the life problems of hearing impaired people in normally hearing population. The paper describes general characteristics of individual hearing afflictions, the specifics related to the time when the impairment occurred, the social position of the hearing impaired person in the society and the basic principles and differentiations while communicating with such a person. The thesis further describes the specifics of communication systems - primarily concentrated on spoken language, Czech sign language and signed Czech. One chapter deals with specific social position of the hearing impaired people in their own community. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the present situation of the hearing disabled population in the Czech Republic and to stress what could be further improved in their everyday life situation - beginning with their education, seeking suitable employment and solving their common problems. The practical part talks about individual personal needs and the everyday life pitfalls of the hearing impaired people. Key definitions: Hearing impairment Communication systems Hearing impaired Minority
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Robotic Arm - Navigation by Using Axis 214 Camera
Skládanka, Josef ; Hanáček, Petr (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
This paper is focused on recognizing the position of a cube placed in the working area of the robotic arm Mitsubishi Melfa 6 SL, using digital image from Axis 214 cameras. It briefly describes few techniques which can be used for detecting the position of an object in the image. The main focus is laid on the implemented method, which detects and analyses gaps in the grid plotted in the robot's working area.
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Mouse Gesture Recognition
Král, Jiří ; Zuzaňák, Jiří (referee) ; Hradiš, Michal (advisor)
This project deals with Mouse gesture recognition. Proposed system models trajectories using Hidden markov model (HMM), that models gesture as an time sequence of features. In the project there are several parametrizations analyzed and compared. The best parametrization (position normalized by center of gravity and size) reached Sensitivity of recognition of 98 %.
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WTO and Developing Countries
Přiklopil, Libor ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Zamykalová, Miroslava (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with developing countries in the multilateral trading system. Its goal is to analyze how the position of this group of countries changed from the moment GATT was signed up to the present and what their role and importance were in the forming of this system. The thesis also uncovers major sticking points in the current round of negotiations along with demands of developing countries and therefore analyses why no consensus has been reached yet.
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New Strategic Concept of NATO: Czech debate
Pešulová, Hana ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
aj Two years ago there was a need to re-define the position of The North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the system of international relations and to identify it`s main threats and their perception. The strategic concept from the 1999 has become obsolete document which couldn't adequately react to new threats. In the 2009 the process of creation new strategy started. There was assembled a group of experts under lead of Madeleine Albright to stimulate a discussion across member states about the nature and task of NATO and the current perception of security through a number of seminars and conferences. Subsequent analysis of the current security discourse served to NATO Secretary General as a form of recommendations for the preparation of the new strategy. The process of creation was as important as its outcome document, because it included the general professional public in addition to national governments. In my diploma thesis, besides the main themes of the new strategy, I will focus mainly on reflection of Czech debate on the new strategy. I introduce the concept of epistemic communities by Peter Haas, through which I define epistemic Czech group that dealt with the creation of a new NATO strategy.
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The current development of Turkey's accession process to the European Union
Vaniš, Jakub ; Adámková, Vlasta (advisor) ; Sudliankou, Aliaksandr (referee)
The situation of Turkey's accession to the European Union is a very hot topic that is currently being discussed in the media and in various political debates around the world. This bachelor thesis deals with capturing of the current process from different perspectives using available data and genuine opinions of some Czech citizens. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first part describes Turkey in terms of geographical and historical meanings. Part Two presents the sequence of events preceding the current position in the middle of Turkey's accession talks with the European Union. Some of the major barriers to the final integration are being discussed in the third part and chapter four analyzes the results of a short questionnaire on this issue.
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Pakistan: Key Factor for American Involvement in Afghanistan (during presidency of George W. Bush)
Snášel, Filip ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
American relations with Pakistan went through various ups and downs from being allied during the Cold war to imposing sanctions in last decade of the twentieth century. After 9/11 attack on World Trade Center and Pentagon Pakistan quickly joined the United States in the War on Terror. In my thesis I analyze positions and influence of Pakistan during invasion to Afghanistan. and seven next years of the Operation Enduging Freedom during George W. Bush administration. At first I concentrate on historical experience of Pakistan and development in the area before american invasion to Afghanistan. I also surveying terrorist movements on Pakistani soil, which are important for later development and are connected to Pakistani secret service ISI. ISI tried some years after 2001 to maintain friendly relations with Taliban and other terrorist groups along Afghan - Pakistan border, but terrorists, basically anti-system movements, wanted to establish in Pakistan and Afghanistan states constituted as Islamic emirates. President Musharraf under pressure of forthcoming events and the United States understood that supporting Taliban is no longer sustainable policy and decided to act against terrorist groups home in Pakistan. This move however triggered suicide bombings and massive uprising which hit in 2006/2007...
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