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The impact of polluted air on oxidative damage to DNA.
Švecová, Vlasta ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Stiborová, Marie (referee) ; Rössner, Pavel (referee)
IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE Vlasta Svecova Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v.v.i. Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 Tel.: +420 241 062 669, fax.: +420 241 062 785, e-mail: svecova@biomed.cas.cz This thesis deal with impacts of air pollution on human health. The biomarkers of biologically effective dose, biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins, were studied. We aimed at importance of individual pollutants, measured the personal exposure to these pollutants and analyzed the biomarkers of oxidative damage to macromolecules. c-PAHs (carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) bound to airborne PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm) and volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m,p,o-xylenes, BTEX) were studied as ones of the biologically most important pollutants. Personal and outdoor concentrations of c-PAHs together with personal exposure to BTEX were measured. The concentrations of pollutants were correlated with biomarker levels in different seasons and localities. Bus drivers in Prague, 6-10 years old children from Teplice and Prachatice and policemen with office workers from Ostrava region were the model populations. Oxidative damage to DNA were measured by 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 15-F2t-...
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Development of phase composition in silicate systems by available methods and their optimalization
Opravilová, Lenka ; Palou, Martin (referee) ; Škvára, František (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
One of the most prominent measurable parameters of the development of phases and phase transformations in inorganic systems are undoubtedly the volume changes of silicate matrix. The study of volume changes is crucial in the terms of usable durability of final product. They represent shrinkage or expansion of the material and may lead to significant decrease of technological and ecological parameters and often to complete destruction of these materials. Most often the volume changes can be observed when cement is used as a binder and in concretes, mortars, artificial aggregates and other similar materials. There are many methods to detect, define and determine the volume changes qualitatively or quantitatively. The development of phases was investigated as a part of the dissertation thesis and hence the volume changes were observed under the conditions closest to the real state in the construction industry. The raw materials and admixtures were selected which model the content of hazardous components present in conventional materials (both natural and secondary), used in construction and the relationship with volume changes was searched and demonstrated. The contacts for measuring the volume changes were attached to test surfaces of specimens and the physical - mechanical tests (volume changes, phase changes, strength, etc.), chemical analysis and ecotoxicity tests depending on the length of hydration were performed.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Šimíčková, Adéla ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the impact of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen fertilization and UV radiation on the content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was cultivated in conditions with ambient and elevated (700 mol mol-1) CO2 concentrations. Nitrogen nutrition (200 kg N ha-1) was added to half of the samples, while the another half of samples remained unfertilized. Plants were grown in greenhouses both with shielded UV-B radiation and with normal UV radiation. Environment with natural rainfall was the same for all of these variants. Gliadins were extracted by 2-chlorethanol, separated by A-PAGE method and subsequently quantified by computer densitometry. Significant increase of gliadin proteins was noticed in conditions of nitrogen fertilization in natural UV radiation, both in elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas in an eliminated UV-B radiation significant effect of nitrogen was not observed. Therefore UV radiation influenced in combination with nitrogenous nutrition as stimulative factor. However, statistically significant impact of evelated CO2 concentration on gliadin content was not proved.
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The study of polymorphism and optimization of active pharmaceutical ingredients crystallisation
Novák, David ; Ing.Ladislav Cvak, Ph.D. (referee) ; Ing.Roman Gabriel (advisor)
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are frequently delivered to the patient in the solid-state as part of an approved dosage form (tablets, capsules, etc.). Understanding and controlling the solid-state chemistry of APIs is therefore an important aspect of the drug development process. APIs can exist in a variety of distinct solid forms, including polymorphs, solvates, hydrates, co-crystals and amorphous solids. Each form displays unique physicochemical properties that can profoundly influence the bioavailability, manufacturability, stability and other performance characteristics of the drug. Most APIs are purified and isolated by crystallisation from an appropriate solvent during the final step in synthetic process. The main objective of a crystallisation process is to produce crystals with desired properties such as particle size distribution (PSD), shape and purity. All pharmaceutical dosage forms must be produced in uniform units, and good content of uniformity is only possible when the size of the active component is carefully controlled. For on-line control of crystallisations of Quetiapine Fumarate to achieve desired PSD and no changed physicochemical purity was used the Lasentec Focus Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) system.
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Study of metals bioaccumulation by the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica
Jaskowiecová, Lenka ; Hekera,, Petr (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on determination of bioavailable cadmium in natural waters. Thesis is devided to two parts-laboratory study in model solution and experiments in real surface water system. During the laboratory experiments the accumulation and release constants of cadmium by aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica were determined. In Morava river experiment this aquatic moss was used to determine bioavailable fraction of cadmium and the moss bag technique were compared with another methods for phytotoxic metals determination.
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Study of biological activity of isolated alkaloids from Corydalis cava (Fumariaceae)
Chlebek, Jakub ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Drašar, Pavel (referee) ; Kuča, Kamil (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Jakub Chlebek Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Study of biological activity of isolated alkaloids from Corydalis cava (Fumariaceae). Key words: Corydalis cava, isoquinoline alkaloids, DPPH, AChE, BuChE, BACE1, IMER. Tubers of Corydalis cava were selected on the basis of bio-guided spectrophotometric Ellman's method as a source of isoquinoline alkaloids for study of their selected biological activities. The tubers of Corydalis cava were extracted with ethanol and the mixture of summary tertiary alkaloids (fraction A) was fractionated in silica gel chromatography column using step gradient elution with hexane, chloroform and ethanol. Repeated column chromatography, preparative TLC and crystallization led to the isolation of fifteen isoquinoline alkaloids. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. Isolated alkaloids were tested on ability to inhibit AChE, serum BuChE (IC50), BACE1 and for its free-radical scavenging activity (EC50). The cholinesterase inhibitory activity was determined in vitro by modified spectrophotometric Ellman's...
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Carboxyl number as the degradation parameter of polyesters
Ťápalová, Lenka ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
The rigorous work connects on the thesis from years 2007-2008. It deals with interaction of hydrophilic medium with three aliphatic oligoesters and polyesters synthesized at the pharmaceutical faculty from lactic acid and glycolic acid, which were branched either with dipentaerythritol in 2 % concentration or with tripentaerythritol in 3 % or 5 % concentrations. Samples with three various weights were prepared from polyesters branched with 3 % tripentaerythritol (150 mg, 500 mg, 1250 mg). The polyesters in the weight of 1250 mg was plasticized with triethylcitrate. There was observed a process of erosion kinetics and swelling of defined matrices from above mentioned oligoesters in aqueous medium at 37 řC in period of time 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and someone of them 28 days again. There was determined the concentration of carboxylic groups generated by hydrolysis of matrices in the water soluble fraction (carboxylic number) using alkalimetric method. The novel aspect of this work consists in the study of the matrices size and its plasticization on these characteristics. The time of erosion process beginning and the time of swelling degree peak achievement delays with the increasing of size of matrices. The time of peak of carboxylic number values as well as hysteresis manifests more...
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Development and changes of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Homutová, Lada ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the study of factionalism in the Communist Party of Vietnam and relates it to the recent problems of the Vietnamese regime. In order to determine the causes of the current crisis in Vietnam and introduce the environment in which Vietnamese elites operate, this study analyses both formal and informal structures of the political system of Vietnam and the principles of their functioning. This thesis criticizes misleading usage of faction as an analytical tool in the works on Vietnam and presents Andrew Nathan's factional model elaborated for China which is applied to Vietnam in a slightly changed form. We present evidence showing that the central political arena in Vietnam displays factional characteristics. Those findings are linked to the problem immobilism in Vietnam which is connected with instability caused by the absence of political initiatives and needed reforms (mainly the political one). Attention is also drawn to the need for the development of a theory of factionalism. Key words: The Communist Party of Vietnam, factional theories, political system of Vietnam
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