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Monitoring of the backfat oxidative stability in relation to the source of unsaturated fatty acids in the feeding ration
Bezděková, Pavla ; Okrouhlá, Monika (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Summary
Pork is composed of 46 - 49 % of monounsaturated fatty acids, 40 % saturated fatty acids and 8 - 12 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids affects the strength of the tissues, their shelf life and quality (mainly taste). The development of fat tissues is characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of fat cells. The quality of the adipose tissue associated with fatty acids.
Monitored was 72 animals (36 of these pigs and 36 gilts). Pigs were divided into 2 experimental groups with 4 % addition of oil (rapeseed, soybean) and one control group, which was without the addition of oil. The animals were fed ad libitum complete feed mixtures, and for the whole period of fattening. In the control and experimental groups were used to compound feed for before fattening (P1) and fattening (P2). The pigs, which were in the experimental groups, was added to the feed mixture P2 oil (rapeseed or soybean), and 6 weeks before slaughter. In each group was assessed in 6 animals. Sampling was conducted from the backfat samples were homogenized and subjected to chemical analysis for the determination of fatty acids and oxidative stability.
From the measurement results, it was found that rapeseed oil contained a fatty acids SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFAs and higher ratios of S/P, M/P. Compared to the soybean oil contained more PUFA, n-6 PUFA, n-6/n-3 and M/P. In gilts was higher proportion of SFA in the fat of soybean oil and pigs to have more SFA from the oil of rapeseed.
Oxidative stability of backfat increased tendences. Pigs had a higher oxidative stability of the fat in rapeseed oil compared to soybean, and gilts had higher values of oxidative stability of the fat in soybean oil. The measured values in the control group were lower in the oxidative stability of 0 compared to oils (rapeseed, soybean), but in the oxidative stability of 3 and 5 days were the highest.
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Changes of proline concentration and electrolyte leakage in the selected species of the Panicoideae tribe under water deficit.
Nováková, Hana ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate.
The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.).
The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes.
The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet.
The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.
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The mineral content of forage influenced by previous varying intensity grazing
Pavlů, Klára ; Homolka, Petr (advisor) ; Filip, Filip (referee)
The mineral content of grassland is one of the key factors that determine its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal interval for the grazing and the optimal interval for the hay harvest in relation to the nutrient requirements for cattle and determine the dynamics of pasture forage yield and mineral content during the growing season. H0: Previous different grazing intensity has no effect on biomass yield and the mineral content in the following growing season. The experiment was performed on a long term grazing experiment in 2012 -- 2013, where during the growing season biomass samples were taken and subsequently analyzed for minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na). The sampling was carried out in treatments that have been since 1998 at the beginning of June mowed and then intensively or extensively grazed. During the sampling period the access of grazed animals to sampling sites was forbidden. Intensive or extensive grazing in the previous grazing season significantly affected the content of minerals and biomass yields. Especially at the beginning of the growing season the contents of N, Ca and Mg were higher in forage, which was in previous years, intensively grazed. After that, the differences between these two treatments were not significant. Diverse grassland with a higher proportion of herbs contained higher levels of calcium and magnesium. Because of lower K concentrations and higher Ca and Mg concentrations in the fodder there was no problem with tetanus ratio (K/Ca + Mg) by exceeding the limit value of 2.2. The present work shows that the optimal term for hay in mesophilic upland grassland the end of May to mid-June. In this time historically the first cut was conducted. After this period there are revealed such changes in the content of minerals, which significantly deteriorate the forage quality. Therefore, if the first cut after mid-June is postponed then compensatory payments under environmental schemes should progressively compensate financially losses
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Evaluation of selected qualitative parameters of apples produced under different growing methods
Dresslerová, Ivona ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The most spread system of agricultural production is conventional system, which reaches the best profits by its excessive inputs into production such as fertilization, chemical spraying, heavy engineering. However the importance of ecological (BIO) and integrated (I.P.) production has been increasing among the consumers recently. Mainly because of environmental sustainability and protection of their own health. The aim of this study is to compare qualitative characteristics of 10 different apple cultivars (Melodie, Šampion, Gloster, Idared, Angold, Topaz, Goldstar, Ontario, Florina, and Rubín) with reference to the type of production system. The dry matter content, amount, concentration of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, sensory evaluation and overall profile of volatile compounds were analysed in apples coming from both ecological and integrated agriculture.
The dry matter content of all apple cultivars was measured by using two different methods. At the same time drying in an infra-red scale and refract metrical measuring by a portable refractometer were carried out. Concentrations of different carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were analysed by HPLC method with RI detection. The content of ascorbic acid (AA) was determined by HPLC with UV/VIS detection. During the sensory evaluations a protocol for a trained sensory panel was created including profile, pair and pair preference test. With an aim of detection of volatile aromatic compounds´ profile there was a sorption prepared on SPME extraction with following analysis on GC-GC-MS.
In the concentration of C vitamin was the cultivar found statistically significant (p = 0,0004) and not in the supposed type of production. The final concentration of ascorbic acid was 13-130 mg/kg in BIO apples and 10-103 mg/kg in apples from integrated production. Overall 7 BIO cultivars had higher content of AA in comparison to I.P. The highest concentration of AA was in cultivar Ontario. In total 7 BIO cultivars from 10 had bigger content of AA in addition to integrated samples. The most present carbohydrate in apples is fructose in which was found a statistically significant difference between values of BIO and I.P. (p = 0,0272). The highest figure of fructose and also of sum of sugars was Angold BIO (422,3 g/kg). The highest presence of dry matter was found in cultivar Florina BIO (18,62 %). Refract metrical matter was in the range from 11 to 17 Brix.
There was a statistically significant importance proved between the figures of BIO and I.P between both dry matters. At the same time it was proved that there is present a dependence between them based on correlation coefficient (r = 0,9622). It was assumed that the overall sum would correlate with refract metrical dry matter, but this was not confirmed. There was also proved a statistical difference (p = 0,0002) between the BIO and I.P apple weights. In all cases of samples the weights of I.P apples was higher. In sensory analysis the cultivar Šampion BIO was evaluated the best from the overall intensity and pleasure of the taste.
Topaz I.P was evaluated as the sample with the most pleasant taste and Florina I.P with the highest taste intensity. By the analysis of pair preference test results it was confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference on the selected level of probability 99%. But preference in any of production systems was not confirmed. During the analysis of overall profile of volatile aromatic substances it was found out that the same cultivar of different production has the same composition, but different relative concentration of the present substances.
This problematics needs further and more detailed analysis, which would prove or disprove influence of the cultivar on all analysed aspects.
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Quality of potato chips made of potatoes treated with carvone
Gildainová, Dana ; Klouček, Pavel (advisor) ; Fraňková, Adéla (referee)
This diploma thesis evaluates the ability of a monoterpene S-carvone (main component of caraway oil) to inhibit the sprouting of stored potatoes intended for further processing into a food products. Then it evaluates the influence of carvone's special treatment on selected qualitative parameters of potato chips.
For this experiment, two concentrations of carvone were selected (8 and 32 microliters per liter), applied altogether 4-times on stored potatoes within 3-week intervals. For this application a modified chromatograph was used to ensure a uniform dispersion of the compound. Special treatment was being done for a period of 10 minutes, while each variant of this treatment had 3 repetitions. After each treatment the inhibition effect of carvone on the growth of sprouts was evaluated. Also, there was an evaluation of the content of reducing sugars using the Luff-Schoorl method. Potato chips were repeatedly produced from the treated potatoes. Instrumental measuring of the texture of these potato chips was done on a testing device Instron. Potato chips were also a subject to a sensory evaluation to find out the degree of influence on organoleptic properties.
On the basis of the results, the inhibition effect had been confirmed only in the treatment by carvone with a concentration 32 microliters per liter. The variant of treatment by 8 microliters per liter provided the same results as the control variant. Content of reducing sugars in a tuber had not been influenced by a treatment by S-carvone. During the instrumental measuring of textural properties, a significant difference between control and variants treatment by carvone had been confirmed only after the second and fourth treatment. These chips had shown higher maximal strength needed for crunching of potato chip in comparison with the control. On the basis of the sensory profile of potato chips, no organoleptic properties had been influenced even after the fourth treatment with carvone of stored potatoes. Essential oils and its active substances represent a suitable substitution for used synthetic substances, because there had been recognized no negative effect of carvone on the qualitative parameters.
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Influence of soil tillage on lucerne root morphology in the seeding year
Diviš, Michal ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Kamila, Kamila (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different soil tillage and seeding rate on alfalfa root morphology. The field experiment was established in 3 variants of tillage: shallow cultivation (MK), loosening (HK) and conventional tillage (plough), all under two seeding rate (4 and 7 MGS). After autumn cut, root samples were collected in the depth of 25 cm. Lower seeding rate increased intensity of branching and number of lateral root per plant. Total mass of roots per hectar was higher in higher seeding rate variant. Ploughed variant provided higher intensity of branching and branching depth was the deepest of all variants. Loosed variant showed highest branch diameter out of all variants. Highest plant number per square meter was achieved in loosed variant but shallow cultivation showed highest plant survival rate of all variants. Tillage affected weed infestation by 33,6 %. Dominant weeds in ploughed variant were field pennycress and pale persicaria. Dominant weeds in loosed variant were redroot pigweed and cockspur, while in shallow tillage variant dominant weeds were represented by cleavers and common knotgrass. Results of experiment show that shallow cultivation and loosening have similar influence on plant density and root morphology as conventional tillage. Reduced seeding rates are possible, but due to problematic field emergence of alfalfa and higher weed infestation of thinner stands, higher seeding rates prove themselves as superior.
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Level of heifers´ conception rate after insemination of conventional and sexed dose
Ulbrichová, Michaela ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Zuzana, Zuzana (referee)
The object of the study was to compare the results of insemination of dairy cows by using type of insemination dose, convertional or sexed. The hypothesis is an assumption of higher level of heifers conception rate after insemination by convertional dose than by using a sexed dose.
The evaluation was conducted on the farm ZEAS Podorlicko a.s in the period from June 25th, 2013 to November 2nd, 2015 and there were monitored 998 heifers. Data for the evaluation were processed from the farm records and was created a database of heifers conception rate due to the type of insemination doses. For the statistical processing was used software SAS 9.3.
In the group of heifers was observed influence month, year, the rank of the insemination and type of insemination dose on the age of first insemination and its result.
At the level of significance (P < 0,001) was observed negative effect of insemination on age of first insemination (r = -0,195).
It was also proved, that year of insemination has effect on result of conception rate (r = 0,068) and the result insemination had a positive effect on age at first insemination.
These two phenomena were detected at the level of significance (P <0.05). Therefore, it was achieved a better level of conception rate in 2015 than in previous years (2013 and 2014) and also was demonstrated higher levels of successful conception rates with increasing age of heifers at first insemination.
Based on statistical significance (P <0.001) I found that level of heifers conception rate was higher after convertional insemination dose (65.69%) than sexed dose (37.28%). There was also a statistically significant difference between the month of insemination and its result. On the other side, there was no statistically significant effect of rank of insemination on its result.
According to those results the hypothesis, that there si higher level of conception rate by using convertional insemination dose, can be confirmed. The findings show us, that it is necessary to focus on reproduction in various parts of the year, especially in September, October, November and December, where the conception rate was lowest.
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Influence of robotic milking on milk production and quality
Houšková, Veronika ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The object of this thesis was to assess the influence of robotic milking machines on the production and quality of milk in a herdof Czech Mottled Simmental cattle at a family farm Suchý during the period from January 2014 to December 2015.
The hypothesis: Robotic milking worsensre productive performance of cows and aggravates diseases of the limbs.
When evaluating the milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows in individual years, the data necesery was obtained from the control documentation of processed during regular yield assessments, carried out by Natural spol. s.r.o and the data selected from Analysis of a Herd Registered in a Herd-book of Czech Mottled Simmental Cattle, drawn up by the Czech-Moravian Breeders Association a.s. The statistical evaluation was processed and analysed by using Microsoft Office Excel and a statistical programme SAS 9.3 (SAS/STAT 9.3, 2011).
In respekt of the influence of order of lactation, it was found that some indicator shave a strong influence. As fortheherd A as well as herd B, a positive correlation between the sequence of lactation and milk production in kg (r= 0,123 herd A, r= 0,289 herd B; at a significance level of p<0.001). In herd A the milk production was higher than in the second and subsequent lactations by 1,165 kg compared with the first lactation (6,835kg). In a herd milked by a robot the production of milk was significantly higher than in the second lactation, and that by 2,221kg (7,285kg). Another positive correlation was found between thes equence of lactation and the number of somatic cells (r= 0.556 herd A, and r= 0,669 herd B and on the level of signifikance of p<0,001). In the originál herd quantities of somatic cells were measure dagainst the second and higher lactation, and that 388 x 1000/ ml. The same result has beenals of fortheherd B with a milking robot. The higher number of somatic cells was retraced in the second and higher lactation (282 x 1000/ ml); that means a lower value by 138 x 1000/ ml in comparison to the first lactation. When viewing the influence of the order of lactation on qualitative indicators, negative correlation wasestablished only in respekt of fat and lactose content.
After the evaluation of influence of the number of lactation days, a positive influence was found on the production of milk in kg (r= 0,923 herd A, and r= 0,885 herd B at a signifikance level of p<0.001). In both herdst hehighest performance wase stablishe dat the peak of lactation (24,6 kg forherd A and 27,19, kg forherd B). It was alsonoted that thereis a positive effect of lactation days on the protein content in milk (r= 0,253 forherd A and r= 0,100 forherd B on a level of signifikance of p<0.001). The highest percentage of protein was present in the originál herd A (3,385%) as well as in the robotisedherd B (3,365%) in the first lactationphase 1- 40 days. Contrariwise, number of lactation days has a negative effect on the kontent of fat, lactose and somatic cells in the milk.
In this thesis reproductive indicators were also evaluated. In robotised herd the repre found better values in the interim period, service period and during gestation period of cows after 1st insemination. In contrast with stalls with tandem milking, better results of conceiving of heifers after 1st insemination were achieved as well as conceiving of heifer after all inseminations, the insemination index and the percentage of conceptions of cows after all inseminations.
The above results indicate that the hypothesis cannot be fully confirmed or refuted. That part of the hypothesis, which assumes that robotic milking worsens the health condition of the limbscan be confirmed. But the second part of the hypothesis, deterioration of reproductive performance cannot be confirmed. For most of the reproductive performance indicators of there was signifiant improvement in milking using the robot.
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Performance recording in Charollais herd in organic farming
Rechnerová, Martina ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The goal of the thesis was an evaluation of the growth rate of calfs since their birth up until to the 365th day of their life, and reproductive performance in a selected group of the Charolais cattle. Data was gathered from the results of a utility-control carried out by a selected farm (UFARM spol. s.r.o.) from 2009 to 2014. This farm has been operating in an ecological system since 2007. A total of 806 calves has been evaluated. Several factors were selected (sex, lifespan, breed frequency, order of fertilizations, development of delivery, breeding technique, year and month of birth of the calves) that were supposed to prove the influence on the calves' growth rate. From the reproductive factors the meantime, during which was the year's development observed and breeding technique were selected.
Statistical programme SAS 9.3, procedures MEANS, UNIVARIATE, REG, CORR, STEPWISE and MIXED were used to obtain results.
From the results of statistical evaluation, it was possible to prove, that delivery development is affected by weight on the level of significance P < 0,001. The insignificant influence on the growth until the age of 120 days (P < 0,05), weight in 210 days (P < 0,05) and growth until the age of 210 days (P < 0,05) was interesting as well. After observing the influence of the fertilization order on the calf's growth developement, it is fair to state that the order of fertilization has a strong influence only on the calf's weight during delivery (P < 0,001). Birth weight varied strongly in all of the listed fertilization orders (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and higher) on the level of significance. Calfs born to a heifers weighed the least on average (43, 03 kg). On the contrary, the highest average weight of a newborn calves was observed by mothers that gave fourth (45, 68 kg), eighth and higher fertilization (45,69 kg).
The influence of sexual dimorphism on the development of all growth factors of calves is apparent from the results (weight and growth since birth to the 365th day of life) and benefits the males (bulls) with the level of sigficance P < 0,001. One year's influece has been proven on almost all of the calves' growth factors (weight and growth since birth to the age of 365 days) on the significance level P < 0,001. Further observation showed that year 2009 had no influence on weight in 120 days and growth up until 120 days. Years 2012 and 2013 had no influence on calves' weight at 365 days, as well as on growth at 365 days.
In 2014, on average highest, statistically proven values in all the monitored parameters. Furthermore, influence of the month, in which the calf was born, has been proven to have influence on weight at 210 days, growth at 210 days, growth (up to day 365) and weight at 365 days (P < 0,05). During further observation, statistically relevant differences depending on the month of birth have been recorded only in growth up to 210 days and in weight on day 365 (P < 0,05). The heaviest calves at the age of 365 were those born in March and, on the other hand, those born in April weighed the least. The chosen breeding technique influeced particularly the growth since birth (P < 0,01), weight at 210 days (P < 0,01) and growth until 210 days (P < 0,05). Less influenced is the weight at 120 days and growth up to 120 days of age. Except for the birth weight, the values of growth coefficients were higher in natural breeding. Analysis of results proved multiparity to be influetial on the calves' growth rate. Litter size influenced foremost the birth weight, weight at 120 and 210 days, and growth up to 120 days of age and 210 days of age on the significance level P < 0,01. A statistically less significant influence of the (litter size / breeding frequency) on the growth since birth and weight at 365 days was observed. All of the growth coefficients were higher in one offspring
(only child/calf).
The selected factors (calf's year of birth and fertilization method) had a statistically significant influence on the postpartum anestrus (P < 0,001). The duration of postpartum interval varied in all monitored years (2009/2014) on the significance level P < 0,01.
On average, the highest number of days had the postpartum interval in 2012 (379,60) and the least number of days had the 2009 postpartum interval (282,50). postpartum inverval duration is proven to be influenced by the breeding technique on the significance level P < 0,01.
Only in 2009 and in inseminated cows did the average length of the postpartum interval not meet the requirements set by breeding objective of the charoalais cattle.
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Importance and possibilities of winter cereals utilization in organic farming
Valdmanová, Miroslava ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Organic agriculture is not only a way how to produce food and feed raw materials in
friendly way , but also it has very important secondary and landscaping functions. Production
without chemical inputs into organic farming is very important, but in a broader sense it helps
this system to bring the landscape, to it is original and natural functions.
The most grown cereal in organic farming in CZ is common wheat., which in year
2014 reaches an average return 3,05 t.ha-1
, was grown on an area of 6 117 ha and structure of
the grain it took part 24 %. For winter crops after the decree takes for the following wheat,
triticale with the average yield 2,97 t.ha-1
in the year 2014 with area of 3 530 ha, it is in
aproximatelly 14% of the structure of grain crop in organic agriculture. Than rye followed by
achieved in 2014 the average yield of 2,90 t.ha-1
and area of grown 2 392 ha, it is structure of
the grain in organic agriculture less than 10%.
Monitoring and evalution of wider range of varieties of winter wheat in organic and
conventional agriculture has been pursued in the Research station of the Department of Crop
production in Prague - Uhříněves since 1994. The results of experiments can help ecological
farmers in better orientation in available varieties and to facilitate the selection of a suitable
variety for their needs. Parts this long term activities is also my diploma thesis.
As expected, in general cultivars of conventionals wals of growing reached higher
yields in our experiment - cultivars Tobak (B) - 11,6 t.ha-1
, Gordian (B) a Matylda (A) - the
same yield 11,0 t.ha-1
and the most low yield was in cultivars Bohemia (A) - 9,6 t.ha-1
, Annie
(E) a Cimrmanova raná (E) - both the same 9,8 t.ha-1
.
In ecological system was discover the most high yield in cultivars Gordian (B) - 9,5
t.ha-1
a Tobak (B) - 9,3 t.ha-1
, the most low than in cultivars Bohemia (A) - 8,0 t.ha-1
,
Cimrmanova raná (E) - 8,2 t.ha-1
a Annie (E) - 8,5 t.ha-1
. It is therefore clear, that in both
type of system of cultivation reached the most high and the most low amount of yield the
same cultivars. But is important to say , that good amount of results reached cultivars Evina
and Fabina too. Both are from quality group of E (mostly in ecological type of economy).
Cultivars which reached in our attempts the best results of yield, had the samet he best results
of healty test and on arganic area was no flattened.
The evaluation of quality indicators showed that the conventional method of
cultivation, the highest N-content in dry matter corn varieties Annie (E) - 13.8% and
Cimrman's early (E) - 13.2%; lowest then Seladon varieties (B) and Vanessa (C) - the two
identically 10.7%. The organic way of growing the highest content of N in dry matter corn
varieties observed in Cimrman's early (E) and Eve (E) - two identically 11.6% and
immediately behind Annie (E) - 11.5%. The lowest content of N in dry matter showed grain
varieties Tobak (B) and Vanessa (C) - the two identically 9.7%. In both systems, the
cultivation is evident in consistent trend of gradual reduction of N in dry matter from grain
varieties of quality Group E (elite) to a variety of quality Group C (other unsuitable for baking
process).
In case of Zeleny test achieved in the conventional system the highest values variety
Annie (E) - and 60.2 ml Cimrman's early (57.3 mL); then the lowest varieties Vanessa (C) -
25.3 ml and KWS Ozon (C) - 29.7 ml. The organic way of cultivation had recorded the
highest value Zeleny test for early varieties Cimrman (E) - 55.8 ml and Fabius (E) - 47.0 ml,
the lowest varieties KWS Ozon (C) - 24.7 ml and Vanessa (C ) - 19.0 ml. As in the case of N
content in dry matter-grains is also here in both systems growing trend decrease values SBV
test of quality varieties of groups E to a variety of quality group C.
In the event that organic farmers farmed in similar environmental conditions, such as
those on the Department of Crop production in Praha-Uhříněves and sought food quality
wheat, it would be him on the basis of our results, we recommended eg. a variety of Eve and
Fabius (both from a quality group E) which reached both good quality and satisfactory yields
of grain (in the case of a significant focus on quality and variety Annie and Cimrman's early -
both also quality group E). In the case of preference revenue would be recommended
varieties, some varieties of quality group B, for example. Gordian and Tobak.
The work was completed at the end of a brief comparison of the economy growing
wheat in organic and conventional systems. From this comparison came out better ecological
wheat (despite significantly lower revenues), mainly due to the significantly higher price,
a higher total subsidies and lower variable costs.
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