|
|
The Issue of Pre-trial Detention in Criminal Procedure
Gabryšová, Jana ; Mulák, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
The Issue of the Instrument of Criminal Custody Abstract The concept of criminal custody and the problems associated with it represent a relevant and important topic resonating in legal theory and application practice. On the one hand, custody is considered to be one of the most effective ways to ensure the successful course and purpose of criminal proceedings, since its essence lies in restricting the personal freedom of a person whose guilt and punishment have not yet been decided on the basis of conditions defined by law, but on the other hand, the question arises more and more frequently whether this traditional criminal procedural instrument can still stand up to the growing guarantees of fundamental human rights and freedoms established by both national and international law. The aim of this thesis is to identify the problems related to the instrument of criminal custody, to find out what they entail and to try to find solutions to them by means of existing or own de lege ferenda proposals. Four chapters focusing on the problems of pre-trial detention serve this purpose. The first chapter of the present thesis defines the concept of criminal custody, its purpose and also the limits to the restriction of personal liberty by custody resulting from the most important national and international human...
|
|
|
Structure and function of RTX toxins of Gram-negative bacteria
Zhuk, Karyna ; Osička, Radim (advisor) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee)
RTX toxins (Repeats in ToXin) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria, most of which are important human or animal pathogens. The polypeptide chain of each RTX toxin consists of four conserved regions. An N-terminal hydrophobic domain, which is important for insertion of the RTX toxin into the host cell membrane and pore formation. The hydrophobic domain is followed by an acylated segment containing conserved lysine residues, at which the toxin is acylated and thus activated. The C-terminal portion of each RTX toxin contains a repeat domain to which calcium ions bind. The C-terminus of the toxin contains a secretion signal that is recognized by the type I secretion system, which transports the toxin from the bacterial cytosol to the external environment. After secretion, RTX toxins interact with the cell surface via specific β2 integrins and/or glycosylated structures such as glycoproteins and gangliosides or membrane components such as sphingomyelins and cholesterol. Once bound to the cell, RTX toxin monomers insert into the membrane and oligomerize to form pores. The uncontrolled flow of ions through these pores can lead to disruption of bactericidal functions of myeloid phagocytes, stimulation or suppression of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of various signaling and...
|
|
|
Criminal custody as an ultima ratio instrument
Urban, Matěj ; Šelleng, Dalibor (advisor) ; Pelc, Vladimír (referee)
Custody as an ultima ratio instrument Abstract This thesis concerns itself with the problematics of custody being an ultima ratio instrument. The aforementioned topic is based on the fact of custody being the harshest means of apprehension, which breaches the fundamental rights and freedoms of an individual in a substantial way. Firstly, this thesis describes the general characteristics of custody and the historical evolution of its legal basis in the Czech region. Then, it analyses the applicable law of custody in the Czech Republic. This body of law is split up into two larger sections, one of them being the material law of custody and the other being the formal law of custody. In regard to material law of custody, the following are mentioned in this order; general conditions for the detention of the accused, the legal reasons of custody, legal alternatives to custody and special cases of custody. In regard to the formal side of the law of custody, the following are mentioned in this order; the description and analysis of length of custody and its admissibility, the ruling in the question of custody, the court session, the objection to the court decision and the execution of custody. This part of the thesis is adjoined by a shorter chapter, which concerns itself by the inclusion of the length of custody...
|
|
|
The issue of the concept of criminal custody
Votočková, Lucie ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
THE ISSUE OF THE CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL CUSTODY This diploma thesis deals with a criminal custody. This is an important part of a criminal process where there is a restriction of personal freedom based on a need to ensure people for acts of a prosecution. It is a complex issue which requires proper and sensitive legislation and as well as appropriate use in a practice. First part of this diploma thesis focuses on the term of custody. It explains the definition and an essential features. In the subchapters, principles which drive custody are specified. Differences between custody and judgment are explained. Second part of the diploma thesis concerns about question of personal freedom and custody in connection with international and constitutional law. First subchapter deals with the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms which sets basic conditions for limitation of personal freedom and for detention. Next subchapter compares two important international documents: European Convention of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. These two documents have a big influence on enactment of custody in Czech Republic. Third part contents substantive enactment of custody. The conditions for arrest are presented. Farther the reasons for custody and also strengthened reasons...
|
|
|
Analogues of IGF-1 for the study of interactions of the hormone with the receptors for IGF-1 and insulin
Macháčková, Kateřina ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee)
Insulin/IGF system is a complex network of three similar hormones (insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2) and their three similar receptors (IR-A, IR-B and IGF-1R,), which play important roles in maintaining basal energy homeostasis of the organism, in growth, development, life-span but also in development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, acromegaly or Laron dwarfism. Despite structural similarities between family members, each member have its unique role in the system. Identification of structural determinants in insulin and IGFs that trigger their specific signalling pathways is important for rational drug design for safer treatment of diabetes or for more efficient combating of cancer or growth-related disorders. In this thesis, we focused on identification of such structural determinants in IGF-1. Comparison of our data with parallel studies with IGF-2 and insulin could give a more complex picture of the problem. First of all, we developed necessary methodologies for the preparation of IGF-1 analogues. We developed a new methodology for the total chemical synthesis of IGF-1 analogues based on the solid-phase synthesis of fragments and their ligation by a CuI -catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. In parallel, we developed a procedure for a recombinant production of IGF- 1 and its...
|
|
|
The issue of concept of criminal custody
Bělecký, Jan ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
59 8 Abstract - The issue of concept of criminal custody My diploma thesis deals with the criminal custody. It is an indispensable part of criminal process where personal freedom comes in a conflict with the effectivity of prosecution. Accused people are taken into custody before there is a decision on the matter and therefor the application of presumption of innocence is limited. Even though custody is not a punishment it can have very severe impacts on the accused person coming close to the impact of an actual punishment. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the historical course beginning in the pre-hussite era until the present day. Second part obtains a brief explanation of what the term criminal custody means. The third part contains detailed characterization of the criminal custody reasons, strengthened criminal custody reasons and surrogate measures as well. The fourth part concerns about the rules of who is authorized to decide if an accused person is taken into criminal custody, the maximum length of the criminal custody, revisions of criminal custody legitimacy and decisions about further criminal custody duration. The diploma thesis should be able to describe the basic rules concerning the criminal custody.
|
|
|
Custody in criminal trial
Nosková, Jana ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
Docotral thesis deals with the issue of custody as a hedge of criminal law, which is the most serious interference with the personal liberty of the accused. The thesis in addition to the initial and final part is divided into nine chapters. The introductory chapter is devoting to embedding custody .The following chapter is focused on material issues of custodial rights. The main part is devoted to procedural custody issues, its own decision to remand the accused in custody, custodial session, review the merits of the custody decision to extend it and replacing the bond measure. In the following chapters is analyzed the custody in juvenile proceedings, the defense of the accused in custody, custody and liability for damage done by a detention. Briefly identifies the Slovak legislation custody. The last chapter is devoted to the detected data relating to remand cases for 2012 in the scope of the District Public Prosecutor's Office in Jihlava and their comparison with data from other government offices. The aim of my thesis was to provide a comprehensive characterization of the current legislation ties especially in the context of extensive amendment of the Institute No. 459/2011 Coll. and the attached amendment to Act No. 45/2013 Coll., to focused on some problematic provisions and propose approaches...
|
|
|
Influence of nannies on the overall development of the ward
Dvořáková, Helena ; Pelikán, Jiří (advisor) ; Prokop, Jiří (referee) ; Vítečková, Michaela (referee)
Dissertation thesis summary: Influence of nannies on the overall development of the ward This dissertation thesis deals with the topic of child minding by an alternative caregiver, the so-called nanny. Its target is to broadly examine and describe the issue, with emphasis on defined aspects. The presented theoretical-research work covers existing institutions and services for child care in both Czech Republic and abroad. It primarily strives, however, to capture the essence of motherhood from psychological, philosophical and genetic points of view. This effort takes into consideration the question of separation, and consequently traumatization in childhood. A significant part of the paper concentrates on the area of education of the child care providing persons. The research chapters focus on the influence of the nanny not only on the child, but also on the family atmosphere and the educational stances of the parents. It further deals with the position of the nanny within the family, and with bounds of the child-nanny relationship. The output of the work is then a practical handbook, a manual with specifically defined content of an educational program (for nanny-position aspirants and for already practicing professionals). The material was drawn up with help of experts, with the aim to point out weak spots...
|
|
|
Custody in criminal trial
Chovancová, Olga ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
This rigorous thesis creates a complex picture of custody, which is considered as one of the custodial instruments in the criminal law. The thesis contains constitutional basics of custody, characteristics of material and formal custodial law and is especially focused on explanation of concept of custody, characteristic principles of legal regulations, conditions necessary for taking accused into custody, custodial reasons, resolution making, judicial review of custody and determination of maximal duration of custody. Futhermore it also reports about instruments which are capable to substitute custody with measures not connected with constraint of individual liberty. The thesis is based on analysis of legal enactments and judicature.
|
|
|
The issue of the concept of criminal custody
Beňák, Ondrej ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the issues of pre-trial detention in the criminal procedure of the Czech Republic. It comprises and compares opinions voiced by various scholars, high courts and myself. The thesis also includes a section about the rules of pre-trial detention in the American federal criminal procedure and compares it with the Czech system. The first part of the thesis is the Introduction, in which the goals of the thesis are set out. The second part is the main part of the thesis and it is divided into five chapters. The first chapter consists of a general description of pre-trial detention in the Czech Republic and the principles that govern it. The second part is called Formal Rules of Pre-Trial Detention, and it deals with the issues of competence, court procedure and decision-making. The third chapter is where the focus point of the thesis lies, as it investigates the conditions of ordering a pre-trial detention of a person and adresses the numerous problems that arise in this area. The fourth chapter describes the conditions for pre-trial release of an accused person, including the legislative changes recetly made in this area. The fifth chapter explores the American federal criminal procedure and compares it with the Czech criminal procedure. It also includes American scholars'...
|
guest ::
