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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Usury in democratic society. Ethical-historical and civic-legal view in the context of the Czech Republic
Bednář, Jaroslav ; Mašek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
This written work deals with the meaning of the terms usury and interest over the course of time from the anthropological-historical point of view given by the philosophical and theological authorities and painters of the time. The work reflects the socio-ethical interpretation of moral dilemmas associated with usury in today's civic-economic practice, especially in the context of the Czech Republic. In the introductory section, the concept of usury is defined. On the basis of legal science, the principles governing the legal area in the decision-making and the definition of usurer behaviour in criminal and private law relations are highlighted. For the proper understanding of the issue are illuminated the meanings of terms such as debt, bond, compound and simple interest, annual average cost rate. The second part of the work is devoted to usury in selected biblical passages of the Old and New Testament. In the context of the comparison, a modest comparative insight into Islam is given in relation to usury (ribá), and some morally controversial banking transactions under sharia Islamic law are introduced. In the third section, an extensive historical and legal part the development of credit issues, usury from the perspective of selected philosophers and church authorities are described. Specific...
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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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Usury in democratic society. Ethical-historical and civic-legal view in the context of the Czech Republic
Bednář, Jaroslav ; Mašek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
This written work deals with the meaning of the terms usury and interest over the course of time from the anthropological-historical point of view given by the philosophical and theological authorities and painters of the time. The work reflects the socio-ethical interpretation of moral dilemmas associated with usury in today's civic-economic practice, especially in the context of the Czech Republic. In the introductory section, the concept of usury is defined. On the basis of legal science, the principles governing the legal area in the decision-making and the definition of usurer behaviour in criminal and private law relations are highlighted. For the proper understanding of the issue are illuminated the meanings of terms such as debt, bond, compound and simple interest, annual average cost rate. The second part of the work is devoted to usury in selected biblical passages of the Old and New Testament. In the context of the comparison, a modest comparative insight into Islam is given in relation to usury (ribá), and some morally controversial banking transactions under sharia Islamic law are introduced. In the third section, an extensive historical and legal part the development of credit issues, usury from the perspective of selected philosophers and church authorities are described. Specific...
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Psychological and ethical aspects of the last things of man
KÜMMELOVÁ, Magda
The thesis deals with the very last issues of a person from the psychologically-ethical view, however it doesn't neglect the social view. With the topic is worked also in a context of selected current ethical systems, mainly deontologism and utilitarianism, also regarding the topic of the thesis, the topic of bioethics is discussed as well. Regarding the field of psychology, the thesis elaborates more in detail on the existential psychotherapy, actually also on the logotherapy, which was shaped by an Austrian psychologist Viktor E. Frankl. There is also included the problematics of burial, the possibilities of giving a last farewell, also in a religious and an ethnical point of view. The key part of the thesis deals mainly with a needed psychosocial care for the terminally ill, the dying and also their close ones, in the times of pre finem, in finem and post finem by the prospective death of adults, it deals also with the influence of this care on the experiencing of the final period of life of the dying, and the following grieving of the survivors. In the thesis is also shortly mentioned the topic of palliative and hospice care. The thesis also follows the evaluation of the influence of the last farewell on the process of the survivors' grieving. The inspiration for writing the thesis were apart from professional literature and other professional sources also to a bigger extent the many years of work experience of the author, thanks to which is the work supplemented with many own cases.
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Ethical aspects of the work of in the Charity care service of Klatovy Regional Charity
MAJEROVÁ, Stanislava
The master thesis focuses on caring facilities and service, specifically the Charity care service of the regional charity of Klatovy. The Master thesis points out how necessary and at the same time demanding is the work of caregivers. The Master thesis also includes the characteristics of the clientele with whom Caritas care facility most often cooperates - seniors. It also contains an analysis of ethical dilemmas and problems which arose from semi-structured interviews with respondents,who are employees of specific centers of Caritas care service. The thesis also contains improvement suggestions and coments of the ethical dilemmas and problems which are made using 4 ethical theories - utilitarianism, deontology, ethic of care and situational ethic.
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Dilemmas of social workers at work with clients obtaining benefits of an emergency
CIHLOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis is focused on the dilemmas of social workers at the Labor Office of the Czech Republic, at the department of benefits of material emergency. The aim of this work was to find out with what dilemmas the social workers at the Czech Labor Office, the department of physical expectations meet, and then to analyze two selected dilemmas through ethical theories. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first three are focused on the theoretical introduction to the topic. The first chapter describes the scope, organizational structure of the Labor Office of the Czech Republic, the system of assistance in material need and benefits, which resolve the state of material need of the citizens. The second chapter is aimed at a social worker in the separation of the benefits of material need and social work with clients in material need. In the third chapter I describe ethics and ethical aspects of social work. The fourth and fifth chapters are crucial for this work. The fourth chapter describes and describes specific dilemmas encountered by social workers at the Labor Office of the Czech Republic in the department of subjects of material Need. The last fifth chapter contains a description of the selected ethical theory and two of my chosen dilemmas, which are analyzed in terms of selected ethical theories, namely deontology, utilitarianism and ethics of care.
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Hedonistic motivations for shopping - scale localization
Ježek, Michal ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
(abstract) The thesis deals with motivations for hedonistic type of shopping with a focus on their measurement by using a multidimensional scale designed and validated by Mark J. Arnold and Kristy E. Reynolds in 2003. This tool contains six constructs for which the author examined their transferability to the local environment of Czech consumers. The aim of the thesis was to convert the scale into the Czech language and into the context of the Czech consumers and their shopping behavior. There were analyzed cognitive interviews, which were focused on the understanding of the statements on the scale and their adjustment for the following questionnaire survey. This was conducted on a representative sample of the Czech internet population. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out with the focus on reliability and validity of the translated scale. Although the research does not primarily aim at creating a typology of shoppers or describing in detail the characteristics of Czech consumers, the results of the analysis indicate that Czech population's thinking about shopping is quite like of consumers in collectivist societies. At the end of the thesis, the final and modified scale is introduced containing five constructs instead of the original six. This instrument has been shown to be...
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The Ethics of Nudging
Král, Jan ; Báča, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nudging and its Ethical Dimension" describes the topic of applied economic, psychological and communication knowledge and principles of human behaviour, decision making and persuasion through nudging theory. This theory puts into contrast with philosophical and ethical principles that are relevant to the topic, so that ethicality and unethicality can be pointed out. It does so in two parts. The first part covers the definition, history, development and application of nudging theory as a practical intervention based on the knowledge of behavioural economics. The second part covers general philosophical-ethical level, through identification of historical philosophical and ethical principles in nudging. Afterwards, it focuses on specific critical points that are relevant to the theme in order to come up with the general principles of ethics.
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