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Quantitative Comparison of Second Chambers' Legislative Activity
Zeman, Lukáš ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Stauber, Jakub (referee)
The master thesis focuses on measuring the effectiveness of the legislative activities of the upper chambers of the Czech Republic, France, Spain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The selected countries represent Medium-strength, Between medium-strength and weak bicameralism, and weak bicameralism according to the theory of Arend Lijphart. The aim was to compare quantifiable indicators of the legislative process and determine how influential or how effective the upper house in the system is. To achieve the set goal, a comparison of statistical variables was used, as well as a logistic regression analysis, which helped to identify significant influences affecting the legislative process. To collect the necessary data, the automated collection was used using an algorithm in the R environment. It was found that the influence of chambers in the legislative process is approximately aligned with the theory of the strength of bicameralism. The study showed that the influence of the Czech Senate is the second-strongest among the studied countries. At the same time, the study showed that authorship and congruence appear to be the most statistically significant. However, that does not apply universally.
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Transformations on the Camarillas in the Russian History in the 18 th century
Šínová, Lenka ; Stellner, František (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with camarilla changes of three Russian rulers. Sources and literature of this theme are dealt in the thesis introduction. Camarilla, favourite, favouritism and absolutism are defined in another chapter. Subsequent chapters deal with particular rulers, their accession to the throne, key government institutions and mainly with the most important camarilla members. Last chapter compares the three regimes. Firstly it goes in for qualifications of rulers to rule. Further it compares their favourites and then it focusses at the most successful persons who were able to maintain their position throughout several regimes and gives reply to questions if those people had common features which were reasons for success and if these positions sometimes changed or remained constant. Key words: camarilla, tzarina, regent, favourite, foreigners, 18th century, palace coups, autocracy, Cabinet of ministers, Senate, Guards
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Nomination of the US Supreme Court Justices as a part of the system of checks and balances
Bielawski, Adam ; Kotábová, Věra (advisor) ; Dopieralla, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is nomination of justices of the Supreme Court, the highest federal court in the United States. The Constitution gives the power to appoint new federal justices to the president, with "advice and consent" of the Senate. This clause is based on one of the primary constitutional principles used in the United States - the system of checks and balances. The first part describes the general aspects of all nominations, from court vacancies to the final vote on Senate floor. The primary roles of the president and the Senate are defined. Focus is also set on the evolution of the nomination process throughout the history, as well as the criteria for selecting new justices, who shape the constitutional development of one of the oldest functioning democracies. The structure of the first part is then applied for a description of the nomination of Brett M. Kavanaugh, who was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Donald Trump in 2018. The course of this nomination was strongly affected by sexual assault accusations against the nominee and fierce partisan battles that resulted in the closest confirmation vote in history. The final part applies quantitative research methods to discover the influence of partisan difference between the president and the Senate majority on the...
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Legislative procedure as an instrument for promotion of the interests
Krudenc, Václav ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Konrádová, Marcela (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the legislative procedure in the Czech Republic for the purposes of lobbying. The theoretical part aims to acquaint the reader with the very concept of lobbying and its history and then systematically classify lobbying in terms of public affairs. The second part of the thesis is a thorough analysis of the current rules of procedure of both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic and a description of the stages in which it is possible to enter into draft laws and amend them. This part describes the process of creation of laws from the legislative initiative through individual commenting procedures to negotiations in both chambers of parliament and the possibility of applying the presidential veto. The final part of the thesis deals with the historical genesis of the rules of procedure of both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The main goal of this work is to present possible ways in which private interests can be enforced in the law-making process in the Czech Republic.
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Discussion of changes in the electoral system to the Senate of the Czech Republic
Fučík, Michal ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
Discussion of changes in the electoral system to the Senate of the Czech Republic The diploma thesis deals with the discussion of changes in the electoral system for the Senate. The work reflects draft laws to change the electoral system in the Senate from the past, interviews with representatives of political parties represented in both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, interviews with experts in the field of constitutional law and political science. The various proposals were analyzed and their principle and effects explained. The last part formulates the overall outputs of political parties and movements, experts and the opinion of the author of the diploma thesis. Key words: Senate, electoral systems, political system, constitutional system, change of electoral system, majority electoral systems, Czech Republic, parliament.
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Does the Parliament Respect the Constitutional Court?
Staněk, Michal ; Syllová, Jindřiška (referee)
The key concern of the thesis is whether the Parliament has been respecting the Constitutional court. In order to answer this question, the theoretical part resolves the very existence of the Parliament's obligation to follow the Court and its decisions. The empirical part provides two points of view on the subject. First, the role of the Court and its decisions in parliamentary debates is being discussed. Second point analyses the reactions of the parliamentaries in response to Court's findings abolishing a law or its part during the VII. election period of the Chamber of Deputies.
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Popularity of Top Politicians - October 2019
Červenka, Jan
In October 2019 the Public Opinion Researcch Centre investigated whether respondents trust to selected top politicians. They were given a list with 30 names of top politicians. In a survey there were included names of membres of government, president, chairmen of Senate and Chamber of Deputies, chairmen of parliamentary clubs of political parties in the Chamber of Deputies, chairman of Constitutional Court, governor of the Czech National Bank, and ombudsman.
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Popularity of Top Politicians - January 2019
Červenka, Jan
In January 2019 the Public Opinion Researcch Centre investigated whether respondents trust to selected top politicians. They were given a list with 30 names of top politicians. In a survey there were included names of membres of government, president, chairmen of Senate and Chamber of Deputies, chairmen of parliamentary clubs of political parties in the Chamber of Deputies, chairman of Constitutional Court, governor of the Czech National Bank, and ombudsman.
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Position and role of the Czech Senate twenty years after its creation
Rameš, Jan ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the problematic position of the upper house of the czech Parliament. In this thesis author is operating as with primary literature (i.e. laws and historic constitutional documents) in analysis historical moments of the czech parliamentarism, so with direct observation of the members of the Senate (in 11th term). Author was focusing himself on direct observations of the senate committees and plenary session of the Senate. With great help of the Senate's staff and senator Jaromír Jermář, all the members of the Senate was addressed with author's request to participate in research. Results of this research are basic cornerstone in order to answer the questions in the introduction about the sense and the role of the upper house of the czech Parliament. First chapter represents an introduction, where are the most important sources, metodology, questions entitled and this problematic is basically explained. Second chapter is aiming on the theoretical concept of the bicameral parliaments. Third chapter is profoundly analysing the historical experience of the Czech state with the second chambre parliament. Fourth chapter is, finally, analysing the representational, constitutional and legislative-controlling functions of the Senate toward the executive. Fifth chapter is...
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Czech Senate in perception of electors. The Analysis in View of History, Voter Turnout and Electoral System
Navrátil, Marek ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in view of history, voter turnout and electoral system. The main purpose of the thesis is to present the Senate in terms of broad perspective, based on the analysis of selected parts of the political system. The thesis is a case study which includes an analysis of the Czech Constitution preparations, a voter turnout analysis with the main purpose to present crucial trends and simulation of some variations of qualified plurality rule on existing electoral results of the Senate elections. There is also the theory of bicameralism presented as a part of the theoretical part in the thesis. Based on the analysis the thesis presents extensive conclusions. In the view of history there are historical and ideological circumstances and also political demands of participants in the case of proposing the institution of Senate. The main conclusion on the view of voter turnout is that since 2008 there has been a continual decrease, particularly in run-off. The thesis brings two groups of solution in order that the Senate elections voter turnout might increase. First, technical changes in the electoral act could be made, and second, the whole electoral system in terms of single-round option could be changed. Based on the simulation,...
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