|
| |
|
|
Potential of genetic engineering for breeding plants tolerant to abiotic stresses: cold resistance in rice
Lotová, Gabriela ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Janská, Anna (referee)
With increasing population and climate change, there has been an increase in efforts to breed more efficient crops. Genetic engineering has opened unprecedented breeding possibilities in developing plants with desired traits. Transgenic crops with better qualities, including resistance to adverse environmental conditions, can contribute to solving problems of hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. Although society perceives genetically modified crops rather negatively, these crops are widely used as feed for livestock and outside Europe also for human nutrition. Because of the complexity of resistance to abiotic stress, the utility of genetic manipulations for the breeding of resistant plants was previously not anticipated. However, it turned out that modification of the stress signalling cascade or transcription factors can lead to success. This thesis summarizes the possibilities of genetic modification of crops, which may result in better tolerance to cold, and is mainly focused on rice. Part of the work deals with transduction of cold signal, whose modification can also result in increased tolerance to cold. Another part deals with transcription factors that activate expression of low temperature- resistant genes. The greatest attention is paid to CBF/DREB transcription factors that...
|
|
|
Vietnamese cuisine
NOVÁKOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of the thesis called Vietnamese cuisine was to chart the most often consumed Vietnamese meals and to count their nutrition facts. The research question was asked: What nutrition facts do the four most consumed Vietnamese meals have? The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on the description of the Vietnamese cuisine. It describes the culture of this cuisine, its customs, principals and curiosities. It mainly focuses on the culture of eating and its differences, social habits at the table, customs during preparation and, on the contrary, inappropriate behaviour while eating the meals. Part of the work depicts typical ingredients and additives, their use and production. The practical part was done by qualitative research. It focuses on energetic and nutrition calculation of the Vietnamese meals. It describes recipes and technological procedures of the calculated meals acquired from Vietnamese families living in the Czech Republic. The recipes are adapted to family habits. The calculation of the values was processed in Nutriservis Professional software and by reading the values written on packaging. Vietnamese cuisine is very colourful and diverse. It prefers quality to quantity. With respect to ingredients and principals of this cuisine, we can consider it quite healthy. The thesis can be a contribution as a study material for students of medical and social faculties and as a material for nutrition specialists in making diet plans. It can also be a contribution to anyone interested in Vietnamese cuisine.
|
|
|
Potravinové zdroje rozvojových zemí se zaměřením na rýži
Kaštylová, Barbora
Despite the fact, that there exist more than 50 000 plants suitable for food production only 15 of this number provides 90 per cent of energetic intake in the world. Rice, maize and wheat growing covers two thirds of this energetic intake while the rice plays the most significant role especially in developing countries. Rice has over time become a staple food for more than 33 developing countries in the world. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to target regions and states within them, and express and prove importance of rice for local inhabitants. Rice has become dominant crop due to suitable climatic conditions in these states and regions, affordability for local people and its easy processing. Nonetheless, existential dependence on just one crop represents for consumers, who consume only one crop which is their main part of nutriment, a potential health threats as well. This bachelor thesis will also define the developing world and hunger.
|
|
|
The position of China on the world rice market
Šmejkalová, Kateřina ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the development of world rice market and the position of China on this market. In the first part general characteristics of rice, use and importance of rice are described. The second chapter analyzes current trends on the world rice market and it focuses on the biggest world producers, consumers, exporters and importers of rice. It also describes the development of the rice price on world market, the factors that influence the price and at the end of this chapter the forms of the trade with rice are characterized. The third part classifies the chinese rice market and summarizes the development of chinese rice production and consumption in past decades. It also approaches the reasons for the change of rice consumption among the chinese citizens and the potential risks of chinese production in the future. To sum up, exports and imports of rice to China and the competitiveness of chinese rice are evaluated.
|
|
|
Protein composition of flours and bakery products
Rychlovská, Kristýna ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (advisor) ; Hynek, Radovan (referee)
The aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of a protein composition of diferent crop species using the method of peptide mass mapping. The samples were analysed using analytical method LC/ESI-Q-TOF and the acquired spectra were compared with the plant protein databases. The origin of the found plants was discussed in the aspect of the reliability of the used method considering the taxonomical relationships in the taxonomical group. The results of the analysis were compared with the food composition specified by the producer, and it was evaluated, if it is possible to verify the protein composition by using the applied method. In case of maize (Zea mays) this method is considered as reliable, because all of the found proteins were indentified as maize proteins. In case of rice (Oryza sativa) and pea (Pisum sativum), only one, respectively, two proteins of different plants species were found in the number of the relevant plant proteins. This method was evaluated as not so reliable for samples made of cereals (Poaceae). It is possible to conclude, whether the product comes from Poaceae or not, but it is impossible to verify the taxon of genus or the inferior taxons. This fact was in a great extent disscused in this thesis - the reason is probably the resemblance of Poaceae, and the...
|
|
|
Analysis of some active substances in different products from rice
Valentová, Radka ; Melounová, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is focused on analysis of selected biologically active substances in different kinds of natural and peeled rice. In rice samples phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, content of saccharides and vitamin C were analysed. Active substances and saccharides were analysed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC-UV/VIS. Content of phenolic compounds and saccharides was measured before and after acid hydrolysis. The content of these compounds increased several times because of release of active substances from glycosides. As a part of diploma thesis basic sensory analysis was performed and consumer questionnaires were evaluated. The highest level of antioxidant activity was detected in Indian Wild rice. The highest content of total polyphenols and flavonoids was detected in Red Rice Natural before acid hydrolysis. After acid hydrolysis the highest content was detected in Indian Wild rice. The highest content of individual flavonoids, phenolic acids and catechins was detected in natural rice Indian Wild, Rice Three colours and in two samples of rice parboiled. The highest content of total and reducing saccharides was found in rice Indian Wild before hydrolysis, while after hydrolysis the content was very similar in all rice samples. The amount of individual monosaccharides after acid hydrolysis increased, while total content of disaccharides decreased. The highest value of simple sugars was detected in rice parboiled and Indian Wild rice. The content of vitamin C was detected only in four rice kinds - in two samples of rice parboiled, Rice Three colours and rice Indian Wild.
|
|
|
Characterization of waste rice substrates and their potential utilization by microorganisms
Kapar, Jiří ; Duroňová, Kateřina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize some cereal substrates. Based on the results of group parameters the most suitable substrate for cultivation of model industrial microorganisms was proposed. Analysis of total phenolics, reducing sugars and total sugars was performed spectrophotometrically. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractometry index detection content of individual mono-and disaccharides was measured. Saccharides were extracted from cereal substrates by water and then acid hydrolysis was applied. Two rice substrates were then used as nutrition sources for cultivation of two model industrial microorganisms: yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Before use to production media substrates were processed by chemical and enzyme hydrolysis and analyzed. Production of microbial biomass in media with modified waste substrates was evaluated.
|
|
|
World rice market and the role of Vietnam in this market
Nguyen, Thu Trang ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee)
The work is focuses on the development of world rice market and on Vietnam as a second biggest exporter in this area. The rice is not only characterized in terms of types and species but also in economic terms. Emphasis is put on the development of prices which varied a lot for the last decade. Analysis of the biggest players in the global market such as Thailand or India aim to find out which steps lead to success. The main aim is to conclude what does Vietnam has to do so that it consolidates its place on the market and raises standard of living of the farmers. Emphasis is also put on revealing new directions of development such as organic farming or cultivation of rare and expensive kinds of rice. The goal of the recommendations is to elevate quality and prices of vietnamese rice on the global market.
|
|
|
The world rice market
Hrbek, Milan ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with current situation on the world rice market. The main goal is to describe current situation on the market and create prediction of another development. The first chapter deals with characteristic, classic and alternative use of rice. The second chapter describes the market situation thru production, prices development and largest traders. It describes also the most important organizations, which affect the world market of rice. The third and last chapter deals with estimate of future development of the market. The first part of it describes new trends like ¨Golden rice¨and ¨Bio rice¨ and also innovations necessary for future development of the rice market. The last part of the thesis contains estimates of future production, international business, prices and consumption development.
|
guest ::
