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Comparative analysis of professional English texts
Cibulková, Magda ; Smutný, Milan (referee) ; Zmrzlá, Petra (advisor)
Cílem této bakalářské práce je srovnat tři odborné texty psané v anglickém jazyce. Všechny texty se zabývají humanoidními roboty, ale každý z jiného úhlu pohledu. První z textů je zveřejněn ve vědeckém časopise ‘Science Robotics‘ a je příkladem populárně naučného stylu. Druhý z nich je vyňatý z knihy ‘Humanoid Robots, Human-like machines‘ a zastupuje odborný styl. Třetím materiálem k analýze je video, které je zveřejněno na YouTube kanálu společnosti CNET. Aby mohlo být video použito jako výchozí materiál bakalářské práce, musel být text videa nejdříve přenesen do písemné podoby. Rozdíl mezi těmito texty je patrný, neboť každý z nich je určený pro jiný typ čtenáře či posluchače. V práci jsou popsány obsahy vybraných textů a vysvětleny jejich styly. Dále se práce zaměřuje na porovnání textů z hlediska mluveného a psaného jazyka, analýzu textů podle Jakobsonova modelu komunikace a na analýzu podle registru.
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Analysis of the use of simple past in contrast to the present perfect in contemporary spoken Italian
KAZÍKOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor thesis focuses on observing the use of "passato prossimo" and "passato remoto" past tenses in contemporary speaking Italian. It is focused on both already mentioned tenses and then also on the comparison with perfect tense. Speech is also introduced in the thesis in necessary extent. Thesis deals with inconsistent use of tenses mentioned above and it shows it is not always used according to grammar rules. It looks into the reason why native speakers tend to use tenses differently, even if they talk about the same historical event or an influential person and if there are any rules or circumstances showing why native speakers tend to use particular tenses. More frequently used tense "passato remoto" differs from theories stated in various textbooks and grammars,which define this past tense as a tense in "decay" used mostly in books or used by inhabitants of southern part of the country. Questionnaire which is applied on native speakers is the reason why this thesis keeps progressing and is the main pillar of this thesis. Research also consists of watching documentaries and interviews, in which both of the tenses occur and subsequently the results are individually analyzed.
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Translation of Colloquial Language Devices in Fiction: A Century of Maupassant's Ivrogne in Czech Translation
Mundevová, Lenka ; Duběda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee) ; Drsková, Kateřina (referee)
Lenka Mundevová Translation of Colloquial Language Devices in Fiction: A Century of Maupassant's Ivrogne in Czech Translation Abstract The dissertation compares the stylization of the dialogues in the French original of Maupassant's short story Ivrogne (The Drunkard), written in 1884, with five Czech translations published between 1902 and 1997. The comparative analysis is focused on the devices of colloquial language, including dialect, which appear frequently in the dialogues of the story and prove to be extraordinarily useful when interpreting Maupassant's text. The analysis of the excerpted material is preceded by the description of the basic characteristics of colloquial French and Czech, followed by the description of their stratifications. The mutual relation of the colloquial language varieties is an important prerequisite for the evaluation of the translations of colloquial language devices and their appropriateness in the individual Czech versions of Ivrogne. The paper also deals with the development of Czech aesthetic translation standards and their relation to the standard of local fiction, outlining the important tendencies of Czech fiction translation applied when colloquial devices were conveyed from French to Czech during the specified timeframe. The individual language devices used in the...
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Accuracy and fluency in the speech of the advanced learner of English
Gráf, Tomáš ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee)
The thesis analyses the accuracy and fluency exhibited in the spoken advanced-learner English of Czech students of English philology. It draws its data from a learner corpus comprising fifty 15-minute interviews with these learners and from a parallel native-speaker corpus of forty-nine 15-minute interviews. As regards accuracy, the learner data is analysed using techniques of error analysis. Salient features of advanced learner English are identified and the subsequent quantitative analyses reveal that throughout the entire group of students (which is characterized by what revealed itself to be a wide proficiency span) two groups of error types are found to be much more frequent than any other, namely errors in the use of articles and tenses. For the fluency measurements a small selection of variables has been chosen to describe speed fluency (speech rate) and breakdown fluency (the frequency of unfilled and filled pauses), and the results are compared with those for the parallel native-speaker corpus. The analysed native speakers are found to produce speech at a generally much higher rate than the majority of the learners. There does not appear - at least in the light of the given sample - to be any direct correlation between fluency and the frequency of errors. Moreover, the learners are found...
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N-grams in the speech of Czech and native speakers of English
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the analysis of recurrent word-combinations in the speech of advanced Czech speakers of English and native speakers of English. The data used for the analysis is extracted from two corpora, learner corpus LINDSEI and native speaker corpus LOCNEC. The aim of the thesis is to compare the two groups of speakers, determine differences in their use of recurrent word-combinations and compare the findings to previous studies involving speakers of different languages. The quantitative analysis is performed on a sample of 50 speakers from each corpus and the frequency data is used to compare the two groups as to the number of types of word-combinations they use and how frequently they do so. The qualitative analysis is performed on a sample of 15 speakers from each corpus to determine functional differences. Four categories of word-combinations are determined in the analysis. In the conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative findings are compared to previous research involving speakers of different languages. Keywords: spoken language, learner language, n-grams, n-gram analysis, recurrent word- combinations, lexical bundles, learner corpus
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"I I erm I thought": Selected performance phenomena of Czech advanced speakers of English in comparison with the native speaker norm
Štěpánová, Tereza ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The present thesis studies two types of performance phenomena, namely filled pauses and repeats. Both naturally occur in spoken discourse and do not hinder communication, their main function is to decrease the effects of online planning pressure. Since a speaker has to plan and produce language at the same time, non-native speakers are expected to experience greater difficulties when speaking a foreign language. The main aim of the present paper is to analyze English native speakers and Czech advanced speakers of English in terms of how their usage of these two phenomena differ. Attention is paid to overall frequencies as well as to their distribution, alternatively variation, and further performance phenomena in their proximity. The analysis comprises 3 non-native and 3 native speakers which were selected from the multilingual learner corpus LINDSEI and the monolingual corpus LOCNEC respectively.
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Negative intensification in spoken British English
Löblová, Alžběta ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The BA thesis examines means of intensification of negation in British spoken English. Since intensification is generally associated with adverbials, more precisely with adverbs of degree, another aim of the study is to prove there are other than lexical means of intensification. For it is focused on the spoken language, which is natural, unplanned, improvised, it includes constructions that are regarded as ungrammatical in Standard English, but occur widely in the material used, namely the demographically sampled sub-corpus of the British National Corpus. Drawing on Dušková et al. (1988) and Biber et al. (1999) the thesis defines negation and intensification, and their mutual interaction and relation. Based on the findings of Palacios- Martínez (1996), the thesis aims at suggesting a suitable classification of the means of negative intensification provided by the corpus-based study. keywords: intensification, intensifier, negation, speech, colloquial language
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Stylization of Spoken Language in Literature as a Translation Problem (French - Czech)
Janouškovcová, Radka ; Šotolová, Jovanka (advisor) ; Brunel, Aude (referee)
The present thesis examines the stylization of spoken language in literature from the translation point of view, namely in translation from French into Czech. As a prerequisite for dealing with the use of spoken language in translation, the use of spoken language in contemporary Czech literature is examined. Ten works of contemporary Czech literature are analysed via corpus linguistics methods, using the corpora of written language of the Czech National Corpus, with the view of describing the principal phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic procedures used in Czech literary texts to evoke spoken language. In the second part of the thesis, six works of French literature containing features of spoken language are analysed, together with their translations into Czech. The paper also summarises the main features of spoken Czech and spoken French.
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