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Secondary school students' misconceptions about organization and function of human body
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Jana
In the diploma thesis, misconceptions in the curriculum of human biology in the third and fourth grades of four-year grammar schools were ascertained by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was filled in by 92 pupils who had already gone through the thematic unit of human biology. The questionnaire was focused particularly on the circulatory, excretory and respiratory systems. After evaluating the questionnaire, specific misconceptions were identified, especially in the circulatory system. Based on the identified misconceptions, a methodological material was created, which should help to eliminate them in teaching. In one case, the methodological material was verified in practice at the grammar school and in the other case at the MS Teams through so-called focus groups.
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Teorie relativity - jak na středoškolské úrovni rozvíjet její pochopení
Ryston, Matěj ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor) ; Novotný, Jan (referee) ; Šlégr, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this doctoral thesis is to find and implement possible ways to facilitate secondary school students' understanding of relativity. The thesis starts with an overview of existing literature as well as ongoingstudies concerned with teachingrelativityto secondarystudents, especially in connection with possible misconceptions and other learning difficulties. Furthermore, it maps available book and internet sources on relativity in both Czech and English that students might use outside of school. A research of Czech curricular documents for upper secondaryeducationandan online surveyamonggymnasium physics teachers were used to assess the current situation of teaching relativity in these schools. Based on the mentioned research, it was decided to develop learning resources focused on General Relativity. Following an analysis of a selection of relativity textbooks on this topic, a study website for interested students as well as a teaching-learningsequence for teachers to adapt in their own teaching were developed. The development and assessment of these materials are described in detail.
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Primary school children's preconceptions of human-animal relationship
Buryšková, Kateřina ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Krčmářová, Tereza (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the research of understanding of different aspects of the relationship between humans and animals in primary school children. The aim of the thesis is to find out what preconceptions children of early school age have about, for example, animal husbandry, domestication or killing animals for different purposes. The theoretical part defines the term animal, introduces the discipline of human-animal studies and presents some of the existing research findings on children's relationship with animals. It also discusses how the topic is covered in the first, second and third grade textbooks and in the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. Finally, it characterises constructivism and children's interpretations of the world. The practical part describes the research methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with first grade students and the results were analysed by the method of open coding and interpreted. The results indicate that that students hold the largest number of misconceptions in the area of livestock. KEYWORDS: primary school children, children's understanding, preconceptions, constructivism, qualitative research, semi-structured interview, human-animal relationship
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Inquiry based mathematics education: case of fractions
Podhajská, Kristýna ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The theoretical part deals with approaches to teaching, especially constructivistic, instructivistic and transmissive approach. The goal of this part is to compare the approaches and evaluate them considering the permanency of knowledge and active engagement of students. Simultaneously it aims at evaluating the approaches from the point of their of the mechanical knowledge. The charter dealing with inquiry based mathematics education is focused on teaching related to constructivistic approach. The next chapter describes tool called concept cartoons, which can be used as a mean to research. The theoretical part is focused on the topic of fraction, especially fraction interpretation and models and fraction representation. The second part of the thesis describes a survey realized at basic school. I narrowed the problem to fraction interpretation and representation according to survey of student's work. The next part of research is based on this analysis. Trying to accomplish the aims and find the answers to questions of the survey I chose strategy inspired by action research, because the main goal of the research was to improve and enhance my teaching knowledge and skills. The survey was processed qualitatively. The making of the thesis helped me make it clear, why the topic of fractions is so...
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Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach
Koudelková, Věra ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor) ; Kireš, Marián (referee) ; Richterek, Lukáš (referee)
Title: Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach Author: Věra Koudelková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Leoš Dvořák, CSc., KDF Abstract: The PhD. thesis is focused on high school students' understanding of electricity and magnetism and on experiments which can help students to develop this understanding. The thesis can be divided into two parts: In the first research part typical misconceptions of high school students in the area of electricity and magnetism are described, both misconceptions known from foreign literature and results of Czech Conceptual Test of Electricity and Magnetism. This test is based on the known Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, but unlike it and other conceptual tests in electricity and magnetism this new Czech test is intended for high school students. The second part of the thesis is developmental. It contains methodical materials, lab works and experiments which partly arise from the discovered misconceptions. In this part of the work four learning sequences (we chose topics, which were identified as problematic for students), four laboratory works and 13 experiments are described. Prepared materials were verified during instructions in high school and during conferences for physics teachers. Experiences with them are...
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Students preconceptions about heat and temperature
Čečák, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kácovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the preconceptions and misconceptions of students in the field of heat and temperature. Here is an overview of textbooks for elementary and secondary schools with topics concerning heat and temperature. This thesis contains a brief characteristic of notions preconceptions and misconceptions, characteristic of Active Learning methods and characteristic of Interactive Lecture Demonstrations. This thesis also contains research of Students preconceptions and misconceptions about heat and temperature (mainly students of grammar schools). For this research was used HTCE test. Results of the research are processed for all students and for students of each class. There are three worksheets (translated from English), which should help with removing misconceptions.
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Pupil`s preconceptions in geometrical optics
Zedník, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kolářová, Růžena (referee)
I was concerned with the preconceptions of the pupils in the area of geometric optics in my diploma work. I did the research among the pupils of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools. The used test contained ten questions. My choice of the questions was based on the researches concerning the misconceptions in optics that have been already done. I also mention the survey of these researches in my diploma work. I compiled the summary of the textbooks that are used at grammar schools and in the lower degrees of secondary schools in the next part. These textbooks are focused on the topics contained in the questions of the test. The survey of the testing results creates main part of my diploma work. I tested before and after the teaching of optics 162 pupils from eight classes of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools took part in the investigation. The table with the most frequent misconceptions that were ascertained during the testing is part of this survey. I devoted to the differences in the results between the pupils from grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools and also the differences in the results of boys and girls.
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Implementation of methods of critical thinking in teaching photosynthesis
Beránková, Tereza ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
This study discuss two phenomenones. The first phenomenon is photosynthesis; this process played a key role in the emergence of life and is necessary to maintain a various life on our Earth. Photosynthesis enables plants to use a bottomless supply of solar energy to produce organic substance and release oxygen. The second phenomenon is critical thinking; the ability to sort and evaluate new information and form "your" own opinion indispensable ability for modern human. In a theoretical part of the study is dealt with term critical thinking, teaching methods of critical thinking and photosynthesis of biological and didactic point of view. In a practical part of the study is dealt with compilation and verification materials for thematic unit of photosynthesis, which would lead to the development of critical thinking of high school pupils (students). Furthermore in the practical part is a questionnaire survey, which is evaluated existing using of methods of critical thinking at biology teachers at high schools and is analyzed their teaching methods to the topic of photosynthesis. In the study is dealt with processing the topic of photosynthesis in selected high school textbooks.
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The analysis of the textbooks and the creating of the learning texts about the thematic unit of carbohydrates and their metabolism for the gymnasial grammar schools
Šmídl, Milan ; Škoda, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee) ; Solárová, Marie (referee)
1 Abstract: The main parameters describing content and the accessibility of information from textbooks are many aspects such as text difficulty and others. Individual characteristics of pupils - that are represented by chosen student preconceptions and misconceptions - also belong to key factors. The providing of the comprehensive view of the issues regarding analysis and the linking of acquired pieces of knowledge with the practical textbook creation have been the main aims of this dissertation. The creation of an instructional text follows the analysis results of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism in chosen textbooks and the preconception analysis of biochemical terms. The instructional text respects the results of the analysis. The theoretical background of textbook creation (the functions of textbooks, their structure, content, characteristics and investigated parameters) has been described in detail in the theoretical part of this doctoral thesis. It is followed by the survey of the information concerning student preconceptions and the possibilities for their analysis and use in teaching. The aspects of textbooks use from the perspective of pupils, teachers and publishers, as well as the relation of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism to curriculum documents have been described in...
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Analysis of First Aid Misconceptions among Teachers at Elementary and Grammar Schools in the Czech Republic
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Nodžáková, Kateřina (referee)
Appropriate first aid should be one of the basic skills every citizen has. This obligation is based on the law of the Czech Republic. The European Resuscitation Council regularly publishes recommended procedures for resuscitation and first aid, called the Guidelines (currently "2015"). This document defines the correct procedures, that should be followed when providing or teaching first aid. Nonetheless, misconceptions often persist in the common population. This is often the case of outdates procedures, inaccuracies or myths that can significantly reduce the chance of convalescence of even endanger the life of the injured person. Teachers encounter pupils who require appropriate treatment of first aid. Therefore they should be trained in current first aid procedures and thus form a suitable focus group for this reaserch. This diploma thesis aimed to describe the extension of misconceptions in first aid and to find the most frequent sources involved in disseminating this information. Two groups of the Czech teachers were analysed - science teachers and teachers of other selected subjects. Through the presented case studies, the level of knowledge in the field of first aid (the extension of misconceptions) was determined as well as where the respondent obtained the given information. Key words first...
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