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Argumentation for accepting of universal income: perspective of biopower.
Nykl, Matěj ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
My bachelor thesis is focusing on the argumentation for implementation of universal basic income. It is a system where every person receives a financial unconditional benefit regularly. There is a long history of this idea, originally presented by liberal authors. More attention has been given to this idea recently as it is sometimes declared as a potential sollution to the problems caused by robotization. Many experiments with universal income has been done by now. Left-wing authors present universal income as a tool for redistribution of wealth that should empower lower classes in the society nowadays. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the comparison between texts of liberal and left-wing proponents. The concept of Michel Foucault's biopower is beeing applied. It describes the moderm forms of governance. The articles about universal income are compared it the areas that are associated with the biopower concept. There are also texts that are not consistently using the liberal nor the left-wing argumentation. They were analysed too in order to be assesed wheater it fits to one of the ideological bases. Analysis of these articles highlights some aspects of liberal and left-wing argumentation for basic income implementation and therefore enhances the validity of conlcussions Keywords Universal...
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Friedrich August von Hayek on the Evolution of Liberal Rules
Doleček, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Profant, Martin (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The present dissertation deals with the topic of the relationship between political and moral philosophy and the epistemological and methodological arguments of Friedrich August von Hayek. The aim of the dissertation is to defend in general the assertion that Hayek's philosophy is the application of epistemological and methodological positions to moral and political philosophy and that this application is implemented through the continuous process of defining the basic theoretical positions towards philosophical tradition. This general statement is elaborated on in several perspectives. The first perspective puts the concept of knowledge in the forefront, both in the sense of a certain concept of rationality, i.e. the nature of reason and human thinking, and also in the sense of defining the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. The latter follows the development of Hayek's thinking, pointing out the aspects of his philosophy, which are the elaboration of the theories of his predecessors in thought within the Austrian economic school or classical sociology. This perspective also shows that, at a certain stage of his thinking, Hayek considerably moves away from these predecessors, particularly in the context of grasping individualism. The third perspective shows the deeper roots of some of...
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The Management Theory of Shibusawa Eiichi
Koudelková, Jana ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Labus, David (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the management style of Japanese businessman and philanthropist Shibusawa Eiichi, who laid the foundations of Japanese capitalism. This interpretation is based on extensive research of original sources and other secondary literature. The work includes not only analysis of Shibusawa's management style, but also puts Shibusawa's thoughts into a broader historical context. The work also includes a comparison of Shibusawa's thoughts, influenced by Confucian ethics, with modern Western management theories. Source base for this work is going to be Shibusawa Eiichi's works, in which we can find timelessness and applicability to current conditions of management. Key word: management theory, liberalism, joint-stock company, human resource management, ethics, profit, scientific management.
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Hegel's Critique of Ideology
Korda, Tomáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
This work explores the possibilities of Hegel's critique of liberalisms and Marxism. Firstly, I define the "Return to Hegel", or more precisely, the way how we should conceive of this return to Hegel in order to really return to him. In second part, this formal definition of return is given its content, i.e. Hegel's concept of state. This concept had been denied by the doctrine of liberalism as well as of Marxism and this denial, as I try to demonstrate, can be considered a theoretical cause of totalitarianism. Or, in other words, totalitarianism can be speculatively comprehended as the manifestation of this denial. Thus as long as we live in a post-totalitarian era, Hegel is our contemporary. The last part consists of an explication of Hegel's critique of understanding (Verstand). The main reason for this explication is that liberalism and Marxism are 'understanding'- theories of state, and because of that, they were not able to conceive of the state as an object of Reason (Vernunft) and therefore, they failed to recognize the state as rational in itself. The theoretical result of this analysis is that Hegel's critique of understanding can be grasped, so to speak, as a 'critique of ideology avant la lettre', if the concept of ideology is adequately redefined.
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Ideology of Liberalism, or Ideology after its own End
Korda, Tomáš ; Suša, Oleg (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The essay begins with Benjamin`s comprehension of truth and his method of constellation which aims to the truth. I connect the method to the act of naming, which I derive from comprehension of subject in German idealism. Method is necessary condition for very constellation of liberal ideology. Contemporary liberalism thus does not only symbolize time after "the end ideology", but even space of time, when the ideology acquire its own most effective form. "The truth became most effective form of lie." In this sense I continue in critique of postmodernism as the ideology of late capitalism. In fine I outline the way to postmodernism by force of "risk thinking" which remains faithful to dialectic. Solely immanent critique which is far from normative critique of postmodernism sets in motion rigid conditions caused by omnipresent ideology.
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Transformation of neutrality concept in theory and practice of selected European states
Mikušková, Radka ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
Proměny konceptu neutrality v teorii a praxi vybraných evropských států Abstract The thesis explores the emergence of a unique concept of neutrality within each the three neutral European countries: Sweden, Switzerland and Austria. In then examines changes in the policy of neutrality over time within each compared states, with emphasis on the post - Cold War transition from a bipolar to a multipolar world order. It is concluded that the end of the Cold War has had a marked influence on changes in the concept of neutrality within each of the compared states, largely because of the emergence of novel threats which can be now more effectively controlled through international cooperation as opposed to unilateral action by a single nation.
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Liberal political thought in the works of Karel Havlíček Borovský
Jiras, Jakub ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on analysis of political thought in the works of Karel Havlíček Borovský - the founder of political journalism in Bohemia. It tries to prove that there's good reason to deal with Havlíček's personality as relevant part of European liberal thought in the 19th century. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one describes history of liberal thought till the end of 19th century. The second part characterizes Havlíček's life and puts emphasis on his journalistic career. The third and also the main chapter analyses representative elements of Havlíček's liberal philosophy. The author is convinced that Havlíček can be regarded as one of few thinkers who stand at the beginning of the way to social liberalism.
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Charles Taylor's anthropological critique of liberalism
Boudal, Jiří ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The thesis presents Charles Taylor's conception of liberalism where the negative concept of liberty is rooted in a positive moral ideal of authenticity. First of all, both the main motivations which led liberals to defend the pure negative concept of liberty and Taylor's claim that these motivations all depend on the atomistic ontology is examined. Later, this atomistic basis is refuted and Taylor's holistic approach is offered which relies mainly on concepts of the personal identity and of the so called strong evaluation. Following this, concept of authenticity is presented as the implicit ideal of modern identity. Authenticity is interpreted as a pluralistic moral ideal appreciating uniqueness although containing some general moral demands. The thesis also shows that such a concept of authenticity presupposes negative liberty. Finally, some political consequences of such a liberal theory are provided.
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Global Dimension of Rawls' Theory of Justice
Ottingerová, Lucie ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with mapping one of the most topical discussions in the field of modern political philosophy, namely the contention about the existence, nature and extent of justice in the era of a highly globalised world. However, the clash about the existence of global justice, hitherto referred to as the clash between cosmopolitans and internationalists, is not viewed in its entirety. More specifically, this thesis aspires to make an introduction into the debate against the background of one of the most influential philosophical works of the 20th century which has significantly contributed to the delimitation of the term "justice"- Theory of Justice by John Rawls. This book incited joyful reaction from a number of cosmopolitan theorists, including most notably Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge, who perceived it as a clear attempt at extending traditionally liberal ideals and precepts beyond the scope of nation states. The difference principle in particular caught their attention as it represented a suitable way of facilitating the ideal of social justice at global level. Nonetheless, Rawls himself rejected cosmopolitan claims. As this thesis aspires to fully comprehend the reasons that led him to such a step, it will be necessary to introduce Rawls' political philosophy in its entirety,...
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Three Liberal Theories of Justice
Macháček, Jiří ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Váňa, Tomáš (referee)
The mail goal of this thesis is to introduce the modern theory of liberal justice with a focus on distributive justice. In addition, the author addresses the issue of value neutrality in the liberal state and the concept of equality in liberal theory. The author presents the concept of "justice as fairness" described by liberal political philosopher John Rawls. Afterwards his concept is subjected to criticism of other contemporary liberal philosophers Robert Nozick and Ronald Dworkin. The author briefly looks into coherence between mentioned philosophers and earlier representatives of liberal theory, as well as their non-liberal critics. The first chapter contains a list of thinkers and their contributions to the issue of justice and the social contract theory. The following three chapters concerns the interpretation of the concepts of three mentioned authors using critical analysis of their publications. In the fifth chapter are described concepts of thinkers who critically respond to Rawl's theory of justice generally reffered to as communitarians, including the conception of Jürgen Habermas. In the sixth chapter the author summarizes the main theoretical background and arguments of discussed liberal philosophers. Finally the thesis is concluded by their comparison and summary of key facts and...
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