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Face-preserving Strategies in Interpreting
Richterová, Hana ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Vavroušová, Petra (referee)
The present thesis applies the sociolinguistic concepts of politeness and face on interpreting theory and practice. Interpreting is, in its essence, highly face-threatening, which is reflected in codes of ethics adopted by interpreting vocational associations. Having insight into two cultures, interpreters can use their communication competence to preserve the face of their recipients or the speaker. For the Western society, it is natural to protect one's own face in communication; however, such efforts can collide with the endeavour to convey the message faithfully and precisely. The thesis therefore studies the strategies that interpreters apply in face-threatening situations and presents examples of what interpreters do to save face, including such events when face- preserving outweighs conveying the message. There is also a discrepancy between the conventional role of a neutral or passive interpreter as a message conduit and the role of interpreters as active communication participants who take the initiative. By analysing interviews and an online survey, the study demonstrates that many interpreters believe that their role is an active one and their impact on the output of interpreted interactions is significant. Keywords: face, politeness, interpreting, face-preserving strategies,...
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The transfer of (im)politeness in interpreting
Kavínová, Martina ; Jettmarová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Ott, Libor (referee)
While the linguistic concept of politeness has been thoroughly analyzed, the same does not apply to its interpreting. The present theoretical-empirical work describes the means for expressing politeness grouped by G. Leechʼs maxims of politeness. The empirical part analyzes recordings of simultaneous interpretation from media and European Parliament settings. This is a quantitative study and the outcome is the number of means for expressing politeness which the interpreters conveyed into Czech. On average and in all of the material 65,7 % of means for expressing politeness were conveyed into Czech in compliance with the maxims. The means analyzed are prosody, non-verbal communication, modality, personal reference, etc. An equivalent interpretation of means of politeness was deemed desirable. The thesis verifies the hypothesis whether the level of politeness significantly increased in comparison with the original speeches. Key words: politeness, pragmatics, illocutionary act, maxims of politeness, face, modality, prosody, non- verbal communication, Czech, English, interpreting, equivalence, US presidential debate, Obama, Romney, Common Agricultural Policy, European Parliament, Catherine Ashton, forms of address
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Development trends in Russian interpreting theory at the turn of the 20th and 21th centuries
Mistryukova, Ekaterina ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Csiriková, Marie (referee)
The present Master's thesis Development trends in Russian interpreting theory at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries is a theoretical study dedicated to the current situation in the interpreting theory in the Russian Federation. The aim of the thesis is firstly to analyze the information available on the development of the Russian interpreting theory within the international context, research being carried out by the current Russian authors, universities providing education in both conference consecutive and simultaneous interpreting, professional organizations associating highly-qualified translators and interpreters, professional journals, and the situation on the market in the field of interpreting, and secondly to draw a conclusion regarding the overall present situation, its probable reasons and assumed future development. Besides the introductory and conclusive chapters, the thesis is divided into four parts. The first part describes the research resources of the Russian interpreting theory in the international interpreting studies context. The second part is focused on the main research fields of interest of the Russian authors in the initial formation phase of the interpreting theory as an independent scientific discipline. The object of the third part is a comparison of several...
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Sign Language Translation in State Administration in Germany: Barrier Free Web Accessibility
Lišková, Kateřina ; Stará, Radka (advisor) ; Nováková, Radka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe Web accessibility in state administration in the Federal Republic of Germany in relation to the socio-demographic group of deaf sign language users who did not have the opportunity to gain proper knowledge of a written form of the German language. The demand of the Deaf to information in an accessible form as based on legal documents is presented in relation to the theory of translation. How translating from written texts into sign language works in practice shows an example from two sign language translation providers in Germany. In conclusion, the visually accessible information on the Web might have an impact on the quality of Deaf people's lives. Keywords: translation, sight translation, interpreting, deaf interpreter, German Sign Language, Federal Republic of Germany, freedom of information, deaf, people with hearing loss
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History and the present code of ethics in the helping professions
Baroťáková, Tereza ; Květoňová, Lea (advisor) ; Prouzová-Květoňová, Regina (referee)
This work is focused on issues of codes of ethics. It outlines the historical roots from ancient times to the present. It presents information on the principles, rules, standards and aims which combine ethical codes. The second part of this work is focused on the Code of ethics of sign language interpreters, which was created by Czech Chamber of Sign Language Interpreters. It analyse in detail each point of this Code of ethics and presents basic specifics and principles of interpreting. The main aim of this work is to analyse complience with the principles of the Code and analyze overall condition of interpreting services in the Czech Republic. These analyses is based on the interviews with the interpretor and the deaf, which represents two opposing views on this issue.
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The Interpretation Process betwen Czech and Portuguese Language: an Approach Towards Selected Linguistic Problems
Hrušovská, Petra ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hricsina, Jan (referee)
The present thesis, The Interpretation Process between Czech and Portuguese Language: an Approach Towards Selected Linguistic Problems, analyses the two languages belonging to different language families from the interpreter's point of view. The Introduction gives rea- sons for choosing the topic and outlines the general structure of the thesis. Chapter 1 (Lan- guages and Interpreting) delineates theoretical issues pertinent to language typology accord- ing to Skalička, comparing the structures of Czech and Portuguese, and outlines a basic intro- duction to interpreting. The principal subject is defined as selected linguistic problems that intepreters have to deal with when working with Czech and Portuguese. Chapter 2 (Transla- tion Procedures) focuses on methods and procedures of translation, in particular those pro- posed by Vinay and Darbelnet. Chapter 3 (Morphology and Syntax) gives a contrastive analy- sis with sample translations of substantives, adjectives, pronouns and articles in both lan- guages. The last chapter (lexicology) describes some phenomena related to lexical questions (interferences, synonymy and phraseology). The thesis is concluded by stressing the role of context in interpreting, leading eventually to some limitations for the analysis. Key words: Czech, Portuguese, Typology...
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Professional interpreter in the 21st century: new technologies and social networks
Stoklasová, Hedvika ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Mraček, David (referee)
The topic of this master's thesis is new technologies and social networking sites in the field of interpreting. The theoretical part discusses how, over the course of time, technological advances have altered not only the face of interpreting itself but also the way interpreters work, and presented them with new possibilities. This part also briefly deals with the history and functioning of social networks, namely Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn and examines the possibilities social networking sites offer in terms of marketing. The empirical part presents conclusions drawn from the study. The purpose of the study was to determine general tendencies in the use of new technologies and social networks by Czech interpreters. The questionnaire distributed online focused mainly on the following points: ownership of smartphones and tablets, awareness of technical novelties in interpreting, use of social networks for professional and marketing purposes. A total of 150 people took part in the study. The analysis of collected answers revealed that the number of tablet or smartphone owners amongst the participants is quite high, that participants are skeptical towards nontraditional ways of interpreting and that interpreters use social networking sites rather for communicating within the interpreting community...
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Comparison of foreign language skills between nursing staff in medical workplaces in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria.
BOŽOŇ, Jiří
Communication is one of the cornerstones of nursing, and without good quality communication, it can be very difficult to provide good quality nursing care. In doing so, any of the communication barriers can significantly affect the outcome of the entire communication. Nowadays, the number of treated and hospitalized foreigners in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries has been growing, and each of us can get into a situation where we might be forced to seek help in medical facilities. One of the communication barriers may be a language barrier. The aim of the research was to map and compare the knowledge of foreign languages among the nursing staff in selected health facilities in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. Another objective was to determine the readiness of selected health facilities in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria to communicate with foreigners. To obtain the necessary data, two types of research were used. Quantitative research was conducted in the form of a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaires were statistically processed and graphically evaluated. Qualitative research was carried out by a short non-standardized interview where the main topics of conversation were the opportunities of nursing staffs in medical facilities to communicate with foreign patients, and the opportunities for further language training while performing their profession. The research group consisted of nurses from selected health facilities in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. The research was conducted in two health facilities in each of these countries; a total of six health care facilities. From October to November 2015, a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed. Each of the six health care facilities got 50 questionnaires, ie. a hundred questionnaires to each of the aforementioned countries. 80 questionnaires from the Czech Republic (80%) were returned, 55 questionnaires from Germany (55%) and 78 questionnaires from Austria (78%). After the removal of incomplete or incorrectly filled items, the final number of used questionnaires were 72 from the Czech Republic (100%), 50 from Germany (100%) and 67 from Austria (100%). The research sample group consisted of head nurses or managers and heads of nursing departments (Pflegeleiter/in, Pflegedirektor/in) in the hospitals where the research was conducted. The results of the research survey showed that there were differences in language proficiency among the members of nursing staffs, and that members of the nursing staffs in selected health facilities in Germany and Austria were prepared especially for communication with foreign patients who speak English. Czech staffs were prepared to communicate with patients who speak German, but English or Russian to a lesser degree. Another part of the survey dealt with the readiness of selected medical devices to communicate with foreigners. The results showed that the selected health care facilities where the research was carried out were with one exception ready to ensure communication with foreigners in providing good quality treatment. The results of the research point to the fact that the language skills of nursing staffs are indeed very important when communicating with foreign patients, but they usually speak onlycommonly used languages. When a foreign patient speaks the language spoken by only a few staff members or even none of them, it is essential that the hospital provides communication with foreigners to be able to provide good quality treatment.
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