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Experimental models of increased physical activity for cardiovascular research
Ševčíková, Anežka ; Kolář, František (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
This thesis provides a critical review of experimental models and protocols of increased physical activity that have been used for various purposes in cardiovascular research in small laboratory rodents. The thesis describes their physiological and pathophysiological effects and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using each model to study the adaptive mechanisms and beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease. The use of physical activity in cardiovascular patients or people with cardiovascular risk factors is also mentioned. A review of exercise stress tests used to detect the degree of experimental heart failure of various etiologies and specific examples are also included. Key words physical activity, endurance training, stress test, small laboratory animals, heart, hypertrophy, therapeutic effects
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The options of prosthetic equipment for people with unilateral transfemoral amputation and its impact on their physical capability
Vlková, Barbora ; Šolc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
TITLE: The options of prosthetic equipment for people with unilateral transfemoral amputation and its impact on their physical capability OBJECTIVES: The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of the used components of the prosthesis on the activity level of adults with unilateral transfemoral amputation, which are currently available on the domestic market covered by health insurance with deductibles. METHODS: The basis of the analytical part is literary research and data collection of technical data sheets. The second part of the work is qualitative research and contains case studies of five probands. The research group consisted of 5 persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation aged 49-78 years. Unstructured interview and observation methods were used for data collection. RESULTS: The result of the work is a summary of information related to the assembly of different types of TF prostheses for adults and evaluation of the relation between the level of technology used and the quality of the user's life. KEY WORD: unilateral transfemoral amputation, transfemoral prosthesis, physical capability, rehabilitation, prosthetic knee joint, prosthetic foot
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Rehabilitation care for children with epilepsy in the Czech Republic and in the world
Chrásková, Anežka ; Carbajo, Anna (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize rehabilitation procedures for children with epilepsy used in the Czech Republic and worldwide. The first part focuses on the general characteristics of children epilepsy from the neurological point of view, its aetiology, patho- physiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment specific for paediatric patients. The second part deals with rehabilitation care for children with epilepsy provided in our country and other countries. In the discussion, these rehabilitation procedures are compared and evaluated. Several chapters are devoted to physical activity and cognitive rehabilitation in relation to children epilepsy, which play an essential role in rehabilitation and their importance should not be underestimated. The practical part is a case study of a paediatric patient with epilepsy, in whom we observe the changes and the effect of rehabilitation after neurosurgical removal of the epileptiform lesion. We use the Barthel Index to assess the patient's self-sufficiency, the Gross Motor Fuction Measure (GMFM) to assess his motor function, and the Box and Block test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) to post-assess manual dexterity. The practical part also includes a questionnaire survey on rehabilitation care of paediatric patients with...
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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Sufficient physical activity is one of the most important factors for maintain our overall health. The positive effects of physical activity are reduced risk of heart disease or stroke, hypertension, type II diabetes and some types of cancer. Being physically active also improves our mood and reduce anxieties. Therefore, it is important to understand, what effects the level of physical activity of population. That is the aim of this study. The study describes the determinants of physical activity various five European countries, using the data from INHERIT survey. The analysis focuses on censored data and is conducted with sample selection Heckman Two-step estimator model, addressing separately the factors of deciding whether or not participate in an activity and performing the activity. The differences between determinants for three types for physical activities are examined.
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Monitoring of risk factors of civilization diseases in primary school teachers
Faber, Dominik ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to map the incidence of civilization diseases among elementary school teachers in Prague and the surrounding area. To find out what kind of knowledge they have about this topic and which risk factors of civilization diseases occur in them. The theoretical part mainly deals with different types of risk factors of civilization diseases. Among the most basic factors are insufficient physical activity, unhealthy nutrition, and stress. However, it also deals with other important risk factors. It also describes selected types of civilization diseases. In general, these are cardiovascular, oncological, and metabolic diseases. In the practical part, research was conducted at 5 schools in Prague and the surrounding area. The research was focused on primary school teachers. The research was carried out in the form of a self-inquiry survey. 60 primary school teachers filled out the survey. The result is that the most basic risk factors for civilization diseases among the teachers participating in the research are insufficient physical activity and a negative family history. A significant risk factor is high consumption of high-fat and meat products such as salami, sausages, pates etc. As a positive result is a high consumption of vegetables and fruits. Smoking and alcohol...
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Natural inhalation and exercise
JANOVSKÁ, Anna
This bachelor´s thesis introduces the issue of natural inhalations and their combination with physical activities. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. In the introduction to the issue of natural inhalations, the concepts of inhalation, aerosol, and balsamic silices are defined. Furthermore, the issue of the disease from lack of nature is discussed and health-oriented tourism and climate treatment are described. The following subchapter presents the Japanese method - Forest Therapy. The following pages deal with a stay in nature, the possibilities of movement in the natural environment, and the influence of outdoor activities on the human body. This thesis can find use in the field of spa resorts operations, by general or outpatient doctors or in the practice of physiotherapists. It can be helpful as an introduction to the issue of natural inhalations and support the integration of this complex topic not only into medical and physiotherapy practice but also among the laic public.
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Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus
Brož, Jan ; Kvapil, Milan (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
BROŽ, Jan. Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Prague, 2022. 100 pages. Dissertation thesis. Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine. Supervisor Kvapil, Milan. In diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia is defined as a condition that is associated with abnormally low blood glucose levels (≤ 3.9 mmol/l), which puts the body at potential risk. The first part of the work is devoted to the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that standardized moderate-intensity body movement without pre-agreed preventive measures led to hypoglycaemia in all participants. During exercise, the rate of ABG decline ranged from 0.7 mmol/l to 1.7 mmol/l in 10 minutes. During recovery after ingestion of 20 g of carbohydrates, the rate of increase in ABG ranged from 0.6 mmol/l to 1.9 mmol/l in 10 minutes. The amount of glucose administered resulted in recovery from hypoglycaemia in all study participants and maintained glycemia above this level for an additional rest period of 60 minutes after glucose ingestion. The second part of the work was devoted to comparing the characteristics of the results on the one hand of treatment in the same group of patients with type 2...
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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Dostatek pohybové aktivity je jedním z nejdůležitějších faktorů pro udržení našeho celkového zdraví. Pozitivní účinky fyzické aktivity jsou snížené riziko srdečních onemocnění nebo mozkové mrtvice, hypertenze, cukrovky II. typu a některých typů rakoviny. Fyzické aktivity také zlepšují naši náladu a snižují úzkost. Je proto důležité pochopit, co ovlivňuje úroveň fyzické aktivity populace. To je cílem této studie. Studie popisuje determinanty fyzické aktivity v pěti evropských zemích a využívá data z průzkumu INHERIT. Analýza je provedena pomocí Heckmanova modelu, tzv. Dvoustupňového odhadu. Tato práce analyzuje tři typy fyzických aktivit, které jsou blíže zkoumány pomocí "Unrelated Regression system" modelu.
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Early mobilization in critically ill patient
Veberová, Marta ; Pucholtová, Romana (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Introduction: The most of critical ill patients is immobilised for short or longer period of time. This depends on the character of their illness, medication or another organ support. As it has been proved during critical illness and forced immobilisation there is an significant reducing in muscle strength, exactly in 3 to 11 percent with every another day of immobilisation (46.) It is necessary to say that early mobilisation is not standardised approach in Czech medical environment. Aim of tthe work: The main target of this diploma is to figure out whether early mobilisation in critical ill patients means any significant difference in their functional status in comparison to those given standardised physiotherapy. Another target of this research is to set up safe and structured protocol for leading early mobilisation and to determine whether exercising with cyclo ergometer is linked to higher risk of side effects and to state the most probable reasons for delayed or not performed rehabilitation. Research methods: This diploma thesis is based on randomised research. Participants in the control group are undergoing standardised rehabilitation, intervention group is undergoing extended rehabilitation with cycle ergometer. The cyclo ergometer exercise will take place at least six times a week with...
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