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The 1923 Chinese Debate on Science and the Philosophy of Life
Švarný, Michal ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Lomová, Olga (referee)
The Debate on Science and the Philosophy of life, which took place on the pages of several important journals in China during the year 1923, is an important witness to the evolution of the Chinese way of thinking. At this period, the Chinese society critically reflected upon its traditional culture and on the influences from the western civilization. Therefore many significant Chinese scientists, philosophers and journalists took part in this debate. This text's aims are the following: to create a concise report about the debate, its context, process and the evolution of its perception in the later periods in China or elsewhere and also to present in more detail three the topics that are significant for the whole debate. These topics can be used to investigate the variety of views among the debate's participants. The three topics covered are: (1) the concept of metaphysics, (2) free will and causality with regards to morality, and (3) education. The investigation of these topics allows us also to critically reflect upon the usual perception of the debate as a whole. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Scientific Work of A. V. Florovsky in Prague
Dopitová, Nikola ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Jančárková, Julie (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present the academic findings of a Russian historian - emigrant Antonij Vasiljevic Florovsky who lived and worked in Prague in the second half of his life. The focus is the analysis of his writings, especially the topic of Czech- Russian relations. The first chapter introduces his life before emigrating, followed by his time in Czechoslovakia. The second chapter focuses on the writings of this eminent historian, with the introduction of his work followed by three analyses of selected pieces concerning Czech- Russian relations. Keywords: Russian emigration, Russian historians, history of science, A. V. Florovsky, Czech-Russian relations
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Changes of the gene concept in the first half of the 20th century
Hájková, Jana ; Neubauer, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vondrejs, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
This dissertation shows various concepts of the term gene that have appeared since the birth of genetics in 1900 up to the first half of the 50s. It focuses especially on the 40s and the beginning of the 50s. Scientific papers from that period were the main source of information. The author tried to capture not only generally accepted notions about genes and genic action but also those that had not pushed through in those days, nevertheless, that had offered a non- standard point of view which could have later become inspirative for molecular genetics. The work documents searching for links between genes and enzymes or ideas of potential divisibility of the gene. The dissertation assigns a very important role to those phenomena that emphasized the significance of the gene order or the order of genic parts. In Goldschmidt's interpretation of pseudoallelism the author sees the thought that the essence of a gene is its position and considers this the beginnings of "digital" thinking about the gene. The dissertation pays attention to "analogue" thinking about the gene, as well. This thinking took account of molecular shaping and represented a blind alley for the early molecular genetics. The work confirms to a certain extent the Kuhnian vision of the development of scientific disciplines. It finds the...
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Professor Václav Vojtíšek: archivist from monarchy to socialism
Vaško, Pavel ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
This thesis deals with archivist and collage professor Václav Vojtíšek. It's structured chronologically with few thematic areas and was written mainly by positivistic method. Thesis draws from large base of archive resources and published materials. The goal of this thesis is to map Vojtíšek's academical and archivistic career during several regimes. It's not only concentrating on his professional career, but also depicts biographical themes. Key words Václav Vojtíšek, history of science, archivistic, Auxiliary Historical Science, Charles University, Czechoslovak science and art academy.
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Principle of Georg Buquoy's philosophical outlook in the context of romantic science
MORAWETZ, Michal
This diploma thesis deals with the basic principles of Georg Buquoy's (1781-1851) philosophy, which were presented in his unpublished treatise Kern meiner philosophischen Grundansicht. Buquoy's ideas are interpreted in the context of contemporary scientific discourse in the Czech lands. Attention is also drawn to Buquoy's foreign inspiration sources. The explication of Buquoy's ideas is based on the theory of intellectual history, with special focus on the interrelationship between natural sciences and humanities and the esotericism of the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century.
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Science and Army - Science and War (1914-2004)
The publication includes papers given at the conference „Science and army - science and war (1914-2004)“ which took place in Prague in November 2004. The book also includes a round-table discussion on topic „Science and army at the present“. The conference was organized by the Masaryk Institute of the ASCR in cooperation with the Institute of Strategic Studies of the University of Defense in Brno and the Research Centre of History of Science and Humanities in Prague. Most of the papers focus on the various problems of science and military affairs in the 20th century. Some of them also discuss problems of the present military research or the changes of the defensive doctrine of the Czech Republic.
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The Czech nation and foreign scholarship
Janko, Jan
Paper gives an analysis of the views of leading Czech scholars on the events of 1945. Forensic expert F. Hájek justified the transfer of the German population on the basis of eugenic theories, physician K. Hynek and entomologist J. Obenberger glorified Russia, physicist B. Hostinský attacked theory of relativity and quantum physics on grounds of their German roots.
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