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The use of chewing tobacco among athletes and it's effect on the body
Švec, Štěpán ; Majorová, Simona (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
Title: The use of chewing tobacco among athletes and its effect on the body Objectives: The main objective of this work is to find out the spread of chewing tobacco use among athletes and to identify the reasons that lead to its use. The secondary objective of the work is to describe the negative effect of chewing tobacco on the human body. Methods: I used the questionnaire survey method in my work. I created two questionnaires. One designed for athletes, which consisted of 22 questions. The second was intended for coaches, which consisted of 10 questions. Respondents answered YES/NO questions and they had the option of choosing from one or more answers, and some questions were open- ended. Some questions were mandatory. The questions ranged from general to specific. The questionnaire survey was anonymized and distributed over the Internet. The time required to fill out the questionnaire was approx. 5 minutes. Results: I found that 45.9% of the 61 respondents use chewing tobacco. For almost the majority of respondents, someone else in their vicinity uses chewing tobacco. Among the most common reasons why respondents use chewing tobacco is dependence on the product, this motive was mentioned by 36% of athletes. Most respondents are aware that chewing tobacco can cause cancer (27.8%) and receding...
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Spatial Differentiation of Tobacco Smoking Rates in
TOMÁŠKOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis examines the spatial differentiation of tobacco smoking rates in the world at the national level. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. It aims to analyse tobacco use rates in different countries of the world and to produce more general outcomes at the macro-regional level based on the results obtained. The sociopathological phenomenon under study is analyzed using nine socio-economic indicators, which are divided into three groups - economic, social and other. Using correlation analysis of the selected determinants, the dependence of each indicator with the proportion of adult smokers is observed. With the help of the created map outputs, some spatial differences, certain specifics and regularities of the observed phenomenon are clarified, which in the conclusion of the work confirm or refute the established hypotheses.
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Effect of Nicotine Products´ Usage on Human Health.
DLOUHÝ, Aleš
This bachelor thesis deals with products that contain nicotine with a focus on electronic cigarettes. The aim of the work was to find out whether there are changes in the behavior and level of their use during the transition of users from classic tobacco products to electronic cigarettes. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the general history of tobacco. Furthermore, individual types of tobacco products are characterized here, especially products heating tobacco. This chapter is followed by a section on the treatment of nicotine addiction, including nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacological treatment. Much of the work is devoted to electronic cigarettes, their development, the principle of operation, division and fill into them. The end of the theoretical part focuses additive components, addiction its division and withdrawal symptoms. The last chapter deals with nicotine. It characterizes its chemical-physical properties and describes its effect on the human body. The aim of the second practical part of the work was based on a questionnaire, which contained 21 questions, the collection of answers and their evaluation. The questionnaire was completed by users of electronic cigarettes who had experience with tobacco products. A total of 435 respondents took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated using the implemented tools of the Survio questionnaire platform, while important results were displayed graphically. The results of the research show that the behavior of electronic cigarettes is changing behavior and increasing the frequency of use compared to conventional cigarettes. This in turn causes a deepening of nicotine addiction. The practical benefit of this work should primarily consist in a comprehensive overview of all aspects that play a role in the transition of users to electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, it could be used as a basis for designing solutions that would facilitate the transition to electronic cigarettes and reduce the risk of increased nicotine dependence.
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Characteristics, production, plant composition, import and uses of plant powder mixture rapé in the Czech Republic
SAGAPOVA, Nikola
This diploma thesis deals with the powder mixture rapé, which is a part of traditional Amazonian medicine. The focus is mainly on the characteristics, production and use of this mixture. Data were collected from the analysis of the Czech market supply of rapé, questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews and covert participant observation. The data revealed some plant species used in rapé mixtures, experience of Czech rapé users, physiological and the mental effects of rapé, but also the context of its preparation and its power. Rapé has potential to treat colds, addictions and traumas, with an important spiritual overlap. Important plant species used in rapé mixtures with which Czech users have experience include Nicotiana rustica, Dipteryx odorata, Byrsonima spicata and Byrsonima crassifolia, Platycyamus regnelii, Cenostigma macrophyllum, Amburana acreana and Calycophyllum spruceanum.
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Characteristics and gene expression levels of plant transformants modified by one related constructs shearing a gene for proteinase inhibitor.
BEZUNK, František
Tobacco plants were transformed by bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens bearing a plasmid construct with a fusion gene SPI2:GFP and selectable marker NPTII coding for resistance of transformants to antibiotic kanamycin. SPI2:GFP gene was created by a fusion of SPI2- (for serine protease inhibitor) and GFP gene (coding for a green fluorescent protein - GFP) sequences. Transformed tobacco plants were selected on a medium with kanamycin. Positively selected plants were selfed and segregation ratios for NPTII determined for each of genotypes. The presence and function of transgenic DNA was verified by methods of PCR, RT-PCR, Western blot and using the stereomicroscopic fluorescence study of transformants of T0 and T1 generations. This Transgenic genotypes of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum, cv. Petit Havana, SR1 WT showing the expression of the fused gene SPI2:GFP on a level of mRNA and GFP protein were obtained. Thesis was perfomed with a support of the project No. M106030 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.
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Experience of pupils in the second grade of a selected primary school with selected nicotine-containing products
Turnová, Veronika ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the experience of pupils with selected products containing nicotine at a primary school in Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with the characterization of nicotine as a chemical substance, its metabolism and effects on the body. It also specifies the different possibilities of consuming nicotine. In addition, it provides an overview of the nicotine-containing products that are in the focus of this research, namely cigarettes and nicotine pouches. Furthermore, the theoretical part provides a description about nicotine addiction and its neurobiology as well as treatment options and the importance of prevention of addictive substances. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is based on the results of a questionnaire survey, which evaluates the experience of a selected population group with selected nicotine-containing products. The questionnaire contains 37 questions, which are closed, semi-closed or open- ended. The research works with a total of 123 questionnaires. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to map the experience of the above-mentioned group of respondents with selected nicotine-containing products through a questionnaire survey. In the practical part I...
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Prevalence and factors associated with nicotine use in the military: a systematic review
Tomášek, Vojtěch ; Maleček, Jan (advisor) ; Prokešová, Eva (referee)
Title: Prevalence and factors associated with the use of nicotine products in the military: systematic research Objectives: The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to use a systematic search of scientific databases to create an overview of the prevalence of nicotine use and how soldiers apply nicotine. Moreover, find out what factors may be associated with nicotine use. Methods: To create this bachelor thesis, the systematic research method according to the referenced selection of items per the PRISMA recommendation was used. After completing the research question and setting the thesis goals, a script was created through the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science according to pre-defined keywords. Selected studies that corresponded to the predetermined criteria were further used to prepare the data and their subsequent synthesis. In conclusion, the studies were evaluated in terms of methodological quality. Results: A total of 29 selected studies were included in the systematic search. A total of 25 studies addressed the prevalence of nicotine use, and the individual results of these studies indicated a prevalence of nicotine product use in the military environment that ranged from 10 % to 53 %. More specific prevalence rates for each study can be found in Table 1. A total of 9...
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Substance use among seniors using social services in the Central Bohemia Region
Bolková, Markéta ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Aging and old age have their own characteristic manifestations that affect individuals from the perspective of physical, psychological and social aspects. Old age is associated with certain risks, e.g. in association with changes of health status. This can affect the individual and influence the risk of the development of addiction. Harmful use of addictive substances and the risk of addiction are not related only to young people, but also to the elderly. Addictive substances which are used the most commonly include alcohol, psychoactive drugs and tobacco. Aims: The aim of the study was to map and describe patterns of substance use among seniors who use social services, specifically retirement homes for elderly and nursing services in the Central Bohemia region. Methods and sets: Data were obtained using a questionnaire survey within the quantitative research carried out in retirement homes for the elderly and nursing services in the Central Bohemia region. The social services were selected by the method of multi-stage random selection. The research set, which was selected by the method of deliberate sampling, consists of 100 respondents. Results: Respondents most often use alcohol, psychoactive drugs and tobacco. Prevalence use of tobacco and psychoactive drugs is higher among...
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Monitoring the use of chewing tobacco in ice hockey players
Čmejla, Filip ; Šťastný, Petr (advisor) ; Kregl, Jan (referee)
Title: Monitoring the use of chewing tobacco in ice hockey players. Goals: The aim is to determine the frequency, causality of chewing tobacco use in IH players and its sport-social context. Why is chewing tobacco so popular among hockey players recently. Methods: The research was based on a questionnaire survey. The survey consisted of 22 questions, respondents always had a choice of several options, except for 3 questions that were open- ended. Some questions were of the YES/NO response type and some were multiple choice. The questions were structured from the most basic to the more specific. The only mandatory question in the questionnaire was question number one. The questionnaire ended for respondents who selected the NO option in question one. Thus, respondents had the option of skipping questions. The entire questionnaire was anonymized as much as possible and was conducted over the Internet. It took a maximum of 5 minutes to complete and some took considerably less time. Results: The results show that 35.2 % of the 216 hockey players use chewing tobacco, and in relatively large quantities. Almost 40 % of them chew 7 or more sachets per day, feeling focused and relaxed after using it. Most respondents were introduced to chewing tobacco because of ice hockey and teammates. In the hockey...
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The impact of menthol cigarette ban on the of tobacco use among university students: a questionnaire-based research
Vostřelová, Zuzana ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Background: In May 2016 a ban on cigarette flavorings was introduced among member states of the EU in order to reduce appeal of smoking especially among youth and young adults. Since May 2020, the restriction has been extended to menthol flavored cigarettes. Until then, menthol was one of the most used tobacco flavors. Aims: The main objective of this work is to map and describe patterns of use of tobacco and nicotine products among university students after the ban implementation. The secondary aim is to describe how the product is perceived as well as the attitudes towards the flavoring regulation. Methods: The data was collected through on-line questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The survey was distributed via social media channels including Facebook, Instagram and Discord. The study sample consists of 577 respondents, 307 of which had an experience using menthol cigarettes in their lifetime. The obtained data was imported into MS Excel where it was processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics tools. Results: The results of the study imply that the average consumption of tobacco products is not affected by the ban among 56 % respondents. 12,4 % respondents reported a decline in tobacco usage and 15,0 % reported cessation. As a reaction to the ban implementation nearly one...
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