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Effect of prenatal hormonal levels on human sexual orientation
Freudenfeld, Petr ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
Sexual orientation is extensively studied topic nevertheless its etiology remains unclear. Several theories have been proposed to explain it. One of them is Neurohormonal theory of homosexuality. According to this theory, sexual orientation is affected by prenatal levels of androgen hormones. This thesis includes selected studies of experimental manipulations with prenatal levels of hormones in model mammalian species to explain effects of these hormones. Main part of the thesis focuses on the effect of prenatal androgens in humans using somatic biomarkers, for example 2D:4D digit ratio. Studies concerning sex, age and ethnic differences are described in detail. Great attention is dedicated to studies of sexual orientation. In women it seems that sexual orientation could be influenced by prenatal hormones, in men this theory isn't supported. This thesis summarizes and critically evaluates available literature concerning the effects of prenatal hormones on human sexual orientation.
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LGBT topics in Czech and international curricular materials
Jírová, Dominika ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
The paper is a review of contemporary theoretical and curricular approaches to sexual minorities in education. It analyses the curricula documents, the theoretical bases of access to (sexual) minorities in education in the Czech Republic and relevant documents available in English-speaking countries on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-related (LGBT). Document analysis was performed using the "snowball" method. The aim is to analyse the situation in the Czech Republic and compare it with results from abroad, then there are the proposed recommendations for the curriculum revision. The conclusion brings a list of materials and their contents in the Czech Republic and a comparison with foreign materials written in English. KEYWORDS curriculum analysis, minorities, LBGT, Czech Republic
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International Legal Protection of Refugees Persecuted for Reasons of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Bedaňová, Jana ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Flídrová, Eliška (referee)
International Legal Protection of Refugees Persecuted for Reasons of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: A Critique of the Human Rights Approach Abstract This thesis examines the human rights approach to the interpretation of the definition of refugee by using the example of persons persecuted on the grounds of sexual orientation and/or gender identity (SOGI). The thesis focuses primarily on the European area and how a human rights approach to the interpretation of 'persecution' may be relevant to the practice of European Union states specifically in relation to SOGI refugees. The first part outlines the context of persecution of persons fors reasons of their SOGI. It examines the criteria by which SOGI is, and potentially can be, subsumed under the relevant grounds of persecution for refugee status. The second part outlines the different approaches to interpreting the concept of persecution and elaborates more on the so-called 'circumstantial' approach embodied by UNHCR. The third part is devoted to elucidating the doctrine of the human rights approach pioneered by James Hathaway and his book The Law of Refugee Status. The fourth part examines the approach of human rights monioring mechanisms to failed asylum seekers fearing persecution on the grounds of SOGI. It analyses the decisions of the Committee...
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Expiriences of male and female LGB teachers at Czech primary schools
Polách, Dominik ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Vozková, Anna (referee)
My bachelor's thesis "Experiences of LGB teachers in Czech primary schools" seeks to describe how homosexual teachers deal with their sexual orientation in their pedagogical practice. This then raises further questions, in particular, how LGB teachers perceive their sexual orientation in relation to pedagogical practice, how open LGB teachers are in their work environment with their orientation, whether there are differences in this openness in relation to colleagues, to pupils and their parents and whether homosexual teachers face any problems with their orientation in the work environment. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with basic facts and terminology related to the issue of sexuality and the issue of the teaching profession. In the practical part, qualitative research is carried out in the form of interviews with nine informants. Based on the thematic analysis it was found that homosexual teachers are more open with their sexual orientation and encounter manifestations of homophobia rather rarely. Homosexual teachers are aware of the fact that they can openly alleviate the occurrence of homophobia among students and at the same time directly or indirectly support students who are facing coming out themselves. However, school management plays a major role in openness, along with...
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Factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities and odour awareness
Nováková, Lenka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Vodička, Jan (referee)
The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...
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Assortative mating in humans.
Štěrbová, Zuzana ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
Human mate choice is far from random. Assortative mating can be either positive (homogamy), when people prefer and choose partners with self-similar characteristics, or negative (heterogamy, complementarity), when people prefer self-dissimilar partners. Over one hundred years of research, it has been shown that people generally couple based on the principle of homogamy. This thesis seeks to address the following two goals. First, it critically reviews the current state of knowledge in positive assortative mating (in particular, empirical support, factors affecting homogamy, mechanisms of homogamy, relationship and genetic impact of homogamy, and methodological pitfalls of research). This section includes theoretical papers deal with further mechanisms of assortative mating (homogamy, imprinting-like effect, heterogamy, complementarity). Second, the thesis provides further test of assortative mating in 'ideal partners' (preferences) and actual partners, in the context of sex, sexual orientation (heterosexual and non-heterosexual), and population (Brazil and Czech Republic). Results of these studies show that the principle of homogamy is valid irrespective of sex and population. However, they find a stronger tendency for homogamy in actual partners among heterosexuals than in homosexuals, although...
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