|
|
Path of Czechoslovakia from Support of Zionism to Anti-Zionist Position (1947-1957)
Habermann, Tomáš ; Charvátová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Galandauer, Jan (referee) ; Pejčoch, Ivo (referee)
The theme of this thesis is attitude of the Communist Party and Czechoslovak totalitarian regime to Zionism in 1947-1957. The main aim of the archive research was to map gradual change of the communist regime from its position of the supporter of Zionism to that one of convinced anti-Zionism (nearly to anti-Semitism). Support of Zionism was primarily presented by help to the nascent state of Israel in 1947-1949. The evidence is given by the role of Czechoslovakia at meetings of the United Nations General Assembly in 1947 and its role as a member of United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. Furthermore, supplies of military equipment to Israel, diplomatic support, demographic support and training of Jewish brigade in Czechoslovak territory in 1948. Gradual change to anti-Zionist position at the end of 1940s and beginning of 1950s is illustrated with complicated negotiations on economic cooperation and with interfering of the regime in running of Jewish religious communities and Zionist organisations. During the first half of 1950s the support turned into downright opposition and lead in a diplomatic quarrel caused by the Slánský trial which had definitely anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist dimension. Utterly anti-Zionist position of the regime is also supported with further politically motivated trials -...
|
|
|
Political Trials in the 50's - Karel Vaš
Uher, Štěpán ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Political Trials in the 50's - Karel Vaš The main intention behind this master thesis was to provide a general overview over the historical phenomenon of political trails that took place in the era of early years of communist regime in Czechoslovakia and to put together a life story of the communist prosecutor and the judge Karel Vaš within this grim mosaic. The thesis encompasses the broader historical background and regional frame, the development of related legislation and the apparatus of the state and the communist party involved in political trials. There is also great concern in types and directions of judicial and other persecution, the theme of the rehabilitation of victims and the prosecution of persons involved in making these trials. The thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter gives a brief description of the situation in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War. It covers the most important events that led to communists taking over the absolute power in the state and carrying out political trials in the 50's as means for the stabilization of the society. The second chapter is dedicated directly to political trials themselves. This chapter is divided into four subchapters. The first subchapter is about the context, the definition of the term and historical origin of the political...
|
|
|
Underground as a political phenomenon
Denčevová, Ivana ; Junek, Marek (advisor) ; Horák, Vladimír Jaromír (referee)
Czech underground and underground movements in other states share some common characteristics. In communistic Czechoslovakia, underground became an exceptional and unique phenomenon in spite of its typical non-political character - it served as a base for the establishment of the Charta 77 opposition movement. It hereby became a political phenomenon and an integral part of political opposition life before November 1989. In my research I have focused on an approximately five-year period of this fundamental epoch of the Czech underground development. I have used evidences provided by contemporary witnesses, worked with archive materials and studied works available in this field.
|
|
|
Comparison of political trials: Laszlo Rajk, Rudolf Slansky, and Władysław Gomułka
Wisniowski, Zuzana ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor dissertation is focused on selected political trials in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. The purpose of the dissertation is to provide complex view on the topic, structure and specifics of trials with László Rajko, Rudolf Slansky and Włladysław Gomułka. I will explore the context of the events based on comparison of the individual trials. I will also look for the differences which could have led to different development in Gomułka's trial. The goal is to find reasons, why Gomułka was not brought to justice and sentenced as other chosen representatives of communist parties were.
|
|
|
Political trials in Czechoslovakia - The Case "Zpěvačka"
Doležalová, Ivana ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This Master's thesis will look at the Political trials in Czechoslovakia - The case of "Zpěvačka", it will focus on one of the many politically motivated processes that took place in Czechoslovakia during the communist regime, i.e. 1948-1989. The focus of this paper is to analyse the key archival sources, which is now an investigation by the State Security in the case of "Zpěvačka", now stored in the Archive of Security Forces. The trial of the anti-state oriented group of people around Radana Melicharová who were accused of collaborating with foreign intelligence services took place in the spring of 1957. This shows that even the so-called foundation period of the communist regime, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia continued to implement political processes to control the opposition. This thesis brings the main characters of the process Radana Melicharová et al., describes their illegal activities and analyses the motives of each participants on illegal activities. And also discusses about the main trial itself at the Regional Court in Prague, subsequent appeal trials and the efforts to rehabilitate convicts. Contribution of the work lies in the fact that it complements many previously published scientific studies on the topic of the political process and less known and studied process with a...
|
|
|
Alfréd Radok and His Stage Practices. Analysis of the Production of Devil's Circle
Petružela, Jan ; Christov, Petr (advisor) ; Stehlíková, Eva (referee) ; Šormová, Eva (referee)
2 Mgr. Jan Petružela Alfréd Radok and His Stage Practices Analysis of the Production of Devil's Circle Abstract Alfréd Radok (1914- 1976) started his second term at the National Theatre (1954-1960) with two moderate productions, in which he, due to the Stalinist régime, suppressed his creative power. However, the following season Radok came with the production of Devil's Circle (1953), schematic play by Hedda Zinner about the Leipzig trial (1933), in which he found his essential topic - to grasp the Zeitgeist and manifest a universal mechanism of totalitarian power and trumped-up political trials. In this production, staged in the period of mild political "thaw", Radok managed to bring back to the Czech theatre modern stage directing practices and re-established the position of stage director, which was reduced in the previous years by the dogmatic aesthetics of socialistic realism. The production of Devil's Circle (prem. December 21, 1955) at the Estates (then Tyl's) Theatre, warmly received by audience as well as critics, renewed and developed for that time unprecedented, though historically verified principles: imaginative, non-descriptive theatre with a meaningful overlap, strict approach to acting with an emphasis on realistic, civil-like expression, interpretation of dramatic sitution, intense work...
|
|
|
Political persecution of soldiers since February 1948
Sládková, Daniela ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Fojtek, Vít (referee)
The bachelor paper "Political persecution of soldiers since February 1948" describes persecution of soldiers in the above mentioned era in connection with class-struggle, searching for the state enemy and building so called "Great Army". The thesis describes main means of persecution, their executors and tools and also tries to find out whether the fates of individual soldiers were similar and how they fit in the typology of persecuted groups. The thesis also introduces stories of two soldiers who became victims of this political despotism.
|
|
|
Collectivization in the village Nemetice in 1950-1960
Jirsa, Tomáš ; Stehlík, Michal (advisor) ; Junek, Marek (referee)
(in English): The basis of the text is focusing on the explanation of the topic of the collectivization of Czech country on the example of the South Bohemian village Nemetice between years 1950- 1960, with the use of micro-historical probe to the life of the village. The introduction of the work is dealing with the presentation of the context of the region of Ceske Budejovice and the district of Strakonice, and characteristic of the village in the time before the beginning of the collectivization, from the political, religional and socio-economic point of view. Emphasis is put on the specifics which distinguished Nemetice from common village of the similar size. The main part of the text is focused on the events of statewide scale in the connection with the events in the village, the legal framework of the prepared collectivization, and the description of founding and running the collective farming (JZD) in the village. The aim of this part is to describe the methods which were supposed to suppress the resistance against the collectivization and force the farmers to joining the Common Agricultural Cooperative. The author puts great emphasis on the description of the last phase of collectivization in the village, happening from 1956 to 1959, in which the final establishment of the Common...
|
|
|
Rehabilitation of political prisoners in Czechoslovakia. The acts on judicial rehabilitation of years 1968 and 1990.
Fuková, Hana ; Cuhra, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
During the time when the Communist Party was the leading political party in the Czechoslovakia, many illicitness had happened, one of them were political trials. People convicted in these trials were innocent and accused of crimes just because the regime wanted to get rid of them as they were in some way "dangerous" for the communist regime. The subject of this bachelor paper is to compare two acts on judicial rehabilitation that should have rehabilitated those people, who were unfairly convicted in the political trials. The first law was issued in the year of 1968, the second thirty-two years later, in 1990. The acts were issued in different political situation. However, there are some similarities between them, as well as evident differences.
|
|
|
Gustáv Husák in a Cause of the Slovak Bourgeois Nationalism
Macháček, Michal ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Doskočil, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis deals with the Czechoslovak communist politician Gustáv Husák in connection with the cause of the Slovak bourgeois nationalism. It is structured chronologically, sometimes interspersed with thematic areas. It draws from a wide variety of sources. The prevailing approach is positivistic and analytical. The aim is to explain the emergence of the cause of the Slovak bourgeois nationalism and the way in which Husák was incorporated into it. The work points to a pivotal link with the international context and reveals poor relations between leading Party officials. Furthermore, the thesis raises issues of Husák's political fall, fabricated charges, imprisonment and subsequently the complexity of the rehabilitation process, at the end of which Husák's Communist Party membership was restored and a further political career remained a possibility. Additionally, the text tries to consider to a large extent the social relations between different participants and understand their motives of behavior. All of this is also put into perspective with respect to Czech-Slovak relations, which were significantly influenced by the aforementioned cause. The intention of the work deliberately exceeds the biographical theme.
|
guest ::
