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Analysis of antibiotic administration in laparoscopic appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Opatovská, Tamara ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Malá, Kateřina (referee)
Analysis of prescribing antibiotics for laparoscopic appendectomies in a paediatric patient population Author: Tamara Opatovská Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Domecký Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis is one of the most common acute diagnoses in paediatric population. Incorrect diagnosis, poorly performed antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) or treatment can lead to life-threatening complications such as perforation, peritonitis, periappendiceal infiltrate or abscess. The aim of this study was to analyse the administration of antibiotics (ATB) as a part of prophylaxis before appendectomy and as part of the therapy of complicated appendicitis in the paediatric population and to compare the obtained results. Specifically, 2 periods were compared - before and after the introduction of the recommended hospital procedure (RHP; 22. 06. 2017). The partial goal of the study was to identify factors that influenced the occurrence of complications and length of hospitalization in the monitored population. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study took place at the Clinic od paediatric surgery and traumatology at the University hospital Hradec Králové. Data were collected from...
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Telerehabilitation Intervention in Pediatric Occupational Therapy
Lukešová, Olga ; Janatová, Markéta (advisor) ; Hoidekrová, Kristýna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Olga Lukešová Thesis supervisor: MUDr. Markéta Janatová Thesis consultant: Bc. Zuzana Rodová, M.Sc. Title: Telerehabilitation Intervention in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of telerehabilitation in pediatric occupational therapy with pre-school children. At the beginning terminology and history of telerehabilitation is discussed. The thesis continues with evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy and selection of suitable guidelines for practical part of thesis. In practical part, the occupational therapy intervention with two pre-school children is designed and carried out. The occupational therapy plan was designed, and in accordance with the plan the aids were made for the use of family as ergo box. The telerehabilitation intervention took place in the form of weekly consultations with parent. During the consultations, parents were given the tasks for the child for the next week and the progress of the previous week was evaluated. At the end of intervention, the achievement of designed goals was evaluated, and other information was obtained from the questionnaire of satisfaction with the telerehabilitation. The experience gained from...
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Children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital care
SLAVĚTÍNSKÁ, Sára
The bachelor's thesis deals with the children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital emergency care. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the matters of childhood, its specifics and division. It also focuses on the clinical picture, complications, prevention and treatment of febrile convulsions in children in prehospital emergency care. There were two goals set in the practical part. The first goal was to map and compare the procedure of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. The second goal was to map the knowledge of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. Two research questions were also identified: How are paramedics in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and Vysocina providing pre-hospital care to children with febrile convulsions and what is the knowledge of paramedics about febrile convulsions in children? To obtain the necessary data, the method of qualitative research was used through the semi-structured interviews with 10 paramedics of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region at the regional center in Ceske Budejovice and Medical Rescue Services of the Vysocina Region in Trebic. Respondents were answering sets of 16 questions and the outcome was categorized into 13 categories, which succeeded in meeting both goals and at the same time answered both research questions.The research found that the interviewed paramedics do have sufficient knowledge about the causes of febrile convulsions and what their basic therapy is. Unfortunately, they don't know a division of children age well enough. All respondents agreed that they were afraid of the diagnosis of Febrile convulsions precisely because of the pediatric patients and that the knowledge in the field of pediatrics is not their strongside. There was no significant difference between the two regions in the answers concerning the procedures of febrile convulsions in children in pre-hospital emergency care.
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Biochemical predictors of the treatment failure in pediatric IBD patients
Zárubová, Kristýna ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee) ; Petrášová, Miroslava (referee)
Up to 20 % of patients with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) is diagnosed in childhood, the course of the disease tends to often be more severe and the treatment more difficult than in case of adults. Therefore, it is necessary to commence or eventually change the treatment in order to prevent development of complications. Early detection of relapse plays significant role for further course of the disease and general prognosis of the patient. Changes to laboratory parameters (e.g. to the level of fecal calprotectin) can significantly prevent the development of clinical symptoms and may indicate the necessity for control endoscopy, further escalation or change in therapy. The primary focus of this thesis are patients who underwent surgical bowel resection, who constitute one of the risk groups. Studies show that as many as 70 % of patients suffering from Crohn's disease reach the point of bowel surgery within the first 10 years of the diagnosis. According to the results, a promising predictor of relapse of the disease seems to be serum albumin, which may relate to the overall nutritional status of the organism. We have also examined the effectivity of using fecal calprotectin and CRP as relapse predictors. Testing directly in the resected bowel did not prove usability of calprotectin as a predictor,...
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The Impact of a dietitian guidance on a weight management of obese children
Bučková, Kristýna ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Kosheleva, Svetlana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of childhood obesity and the impact of dietitian education on its prevention and treatment. The theoretical part defines owerweight and obesity in children and adolescents, its prevalence, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The practical part is based on data drawn retrospectively from the medical documentation of the dietitian's and obesitologist's outpatient's department of the Department of Pediatrics and Hereditady Metabolic Disorders of the General Hospital in Prague. Data for the period from 1st January 2018 to 1st February 2022 were examined in 58 patients aged 3 months to 18 years 5 months with overweight or obesity. Only patients whose overweight or obesity was caused by a positive energy balance were included in the study. The data included the pacient's anthropometric parameters at birth and during the treatment, blood pressure, uric acid levels and fasting blood glucose. The patient's parents BMI was found out at the beginning of the child's treatment. The main goal of the research was to assess the effect of dietitian guidance in long-term cooperating overweight and obese patients compared to patients who visited the dietitian's outpatient's department once or not at all (although it was offered). In particular, the effect on changes...
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Clinical and elektrophysiology longitudinal study of children with hereditary neurophathy Charlot-Marie-Tooth type 1A
Haberlová, Jana ; Seeman, Pavel (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Ambler, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vondráček, Petr (referee)
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, known asCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) and with an incidence of 1:2500 -1:10 000, is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Type CMT 1A is the most common form of CMT refering to the group of primary demyelinitateing motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. CMT phenotype is clinically characterized by chronic slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy with hypo or areflexia and mild to moderate acral sensory loss. The lower limbs are predominantly affected. The aims of this study were to describe the first and most common signs of CMT1A during the first decade of life, to characterize their progression, and evaluate the sensitivity of CMTNS (Charcot-Marie- Tooth neuropath scale) for CMT1A young children. Sixteen children aged 3 to 10 years with genetically proven CMT 1A were examined. All patients were clinically examined, underwent electrophysiological examination, and were scored by CMTNS. Eight were followed for up to two years. Our data shows that CMT 1A in children under the age of 10 years causes only a mild disability. Initial signs of CMT 1A were difficulty in heel walking (15/16, 93%) and lower limb hypo or areflexia ( 13/16, 81%). The test of heel walking can be easily used as a screening test for hereditary neuropathies in pediatrics....
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PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: Practical Application in Occupational Therapy
Krulová, Anna ; Haškovcová, Eliška (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Author: Anna Krulová Supervisor: Mgr. Eliška Haškovcová Title: PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: Practical Application in Occupational Therapy The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is a standardized assessment developed in the USA. The PEDI samples key functional skills, caregiver assistance and modification in three content domains: self-care, mobility and social function. This thesis is aimed at the characterization of the PEDI and its practical application in occupational therapy. The theoretical part contains introduction of the PEDI, description of cooperation between occupational therapist and parents and brief description of functional skills development to the age of 7. Occupational therapists and parents information value of the PEDI is described in the practical part. The advantages and disadvantages for occupational therapist are also summarized. 20 assessments were used to achieve the aims of this theses. Feedback from the respondents was recieved using the anonymous online questionnaire. The detailed case study and graphs demonstrate the results of the research. Key words: Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) occupational therapy pediatrics functional skills assessment disability parents
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Design of Digital Baby Scale
Trněná, Eliška ; Sládek, Josef (referee) ; Rubínová, Dana (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the design of baby scales for medical facilities. The aim is a design with an unique shape that meets the technical, ergonomic and safety requirements associated with weighing children. The work is based on the analysis of the current state of knowledge, the shape fits into the environment of pediatrics. The design guarantees safety for infants, the possibility of comfortable handling of the device and emphasizes aesthetics and visual friendliness.
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Outpatient delivery from the point of view of a midwife and child nurse
NOVOTNÁ, Kristýna
This thesis deals with outpatient childbirth, and the opinions of midwives, pediatric nurses and women on this topic. The first goal was to find out the opinions of midwives and pediatric nurses on outpatient birth and the second goal was to find out the reasons that women choose for outpatient delivery. This work is divided into two sections, the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part describes the competencies of midwives and pediatric nurses, the process of childbirth from admission to the delivery room, ultimately to the fourth stage of labor. Furthermore we describe the first treatment of the newborn, room-in neonatal care, examination of the newborn by a doctor and neonatal screenings. Furthermore, the theoretical work focuses on outpatient childbirth itself, following the law, and addressing outpatient childbirth complications from the perspective of both the mother and the newborn. The practical section consists of the methodology, results and discussion. The method of data collection was a semi-structured interview, whereby the research included midwives, pediatric nurses, and motherswho experienced an outpatient delivery. Interviews took place in March 2019. If the informant agreed, the interview was recorded, but in case of disagreement, spoken responses were recorded on paper. To maintain anonymity, the informants were designated as DS, PA, and Ž. Based on the obtained data categories and subcategories were created. Two categories were created for midwives and pediatric nurses (Outpatient Childbirth, Care during Outpatient Childbirth), which were subsequently developed into subcategories. Women after outpatient delivery had data divided into four categories (Previous births, Outpatient delivery, Postpartum care, Reactions of neighbors). Two goals were set for this bachelor thesis, on the basis of which three research questions were created. The first question dealt with the view of midwives on outpatient birth. Research has shown that none of the midwives took a negative attitude and are certainly not trying to change women's decisions about having an outpatient delivery. In this case, they are glad that women did not choose to give birth at home, this way the woman is under trained supervision in case of unexpected complications. The second research question examined the opinion of pediatric nurses on outpatient delivery. The research showed that more than half of nurses do not take a negative attitude towards this decision, and only one pediatric nurse doesn't recommend outpatient delivery even in a case of physiological pregnancy. Pediatric nurses educate women about the care of the newborn, necessary post-partum examinations, and where to go and what to do in case any complications occur. The third research question deals with the reasons for women to decide for outpatient delivery. Research has shown that women are most often led to this decision for the need of a more peaceful and their domestic environment, or negative prior experience that involved lack of communication or lack of sufficient information. The women also suffered from frequent staff interference, loss of privacy and the alienating regime of the delivery room, and therefore opted for outpatient delivery. The research showed that the majority of medical staff do not show a negative attitude towards outpatient births and try to reach a certain compromise related to hospitalization and dismissal. It also showed that the interest in outpatient births is risingslightly.
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The current status of pediatrics nurse field and its impacts on practice
TUŠLOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis: "The current status of pediatrics nurse field and its impacts on practice" deals with actual problem and it means education of pediatrics nurses. There were set two targets: 1. Changes in pediatrics nurses field in time. 2. Detections of problems in education of pediatrics nurses that are caused by new changes in the study program. These targets were specified by four research points and three hypothesis yet. Implementation of research was carried by a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Five head nurses participated to the research and then one hundred nurses from children's unit in hospital as well. Our research was divided in three parts. In the first there were made interviews with head nurses. We used semi - structured form. In second phase we spread our written survey in pediatrics nurses who are working in children's unit. It was created an online survey mainly for students of medical disciplines for comparison. In last phase there were analyzed documents of work load of nurses from children's unit. Results show that in practice there we are able to see many problems. Pediatrics nurses who completed their education in high school grow old. New ones are missed and it means that like pediatrics nurses work general nurses as well. In our survey we found out that nurses with different length of practice are the same opinion on education. Then that pediatrics and general nurses, who are working in children's unit perceive the problems equally. But nurses with different length of practice are different opinion on actual long of study. Final results of this thesis will be published in professional journal.
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