|
|
The family and its role in the perception of current medical ethics
Teubner, Michal ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
The diplomathesisdiscussesthe issue of familyandthe approach to family in the context of current medical ethics. The introductiondescribesthe perceptionof familyby humanities and social sciences and identifies the elements shared by all disciplines, including health care. The firstsectionof the thesislooksintothe development of the relationship between the physician and the patientandhisor her family,rangingfromapaternalisticrelationshiptoinformedconsentto patients' previously expressed wishes. The author places each of these principles in context with legislative andethical normsandhighlightsthe dilemmasassociatedwiththe understandingthereof. At the same time it solves the possibilities of family involvement in each of them. The secondsectionof the thesisfocusesonpalliative care.Itdescribesthe basicprinciples related to adultpatientsatthe terminal stage of theirillnessandalsothe proceduresfollowedinpaediatricand perinatal palliative care. The conclusion offers a description of the practical procedures followed whenthiscare wasbeingintroducedatthe Královské VinohradyUniversityHospital inPrague.Partof the thesis is also casuistry derived from the operation of the palliative care team.
|
|
|
The family and its role in the perception of current medical ethics
Teubner, Michal ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Fošum, Jan (referee)
The diplomathesisdiscussesthe issue of familyandthe approach to family in the context of current medical ethics. The introductiondescribesthe perceptionof familyby humanities and social sciences and identifies the elements shared by all disciplines, including health care. The firstsectionof the thesislooksintothe development of the relationship between the physician and the patientandhisor her family,rangingfromapaternalisticrelationshiptoinformedconsentto patients' previously expressed wishes. The author places each of these principles in context with legislative andethical normsandhighlightsthe dilemmasassociatedwiththe understandingthereof. At the same time it solves the possibilities of family involvement in each of them. The secondsectionof the thesisfocusesonpalliative care.Itdescribesthe basicprinciples related to adultpatientsatthe terminal stage of theirillnessandalsothe proceduresfollowedinpaediatricand perinatal palliative care. The conclusion offers a description of the practical procedures followed whenthiscare wasbeingintroducedatthe Královské VinohradyUniversityHospital inPrague.Partof the thesis is also casuistry derived from the operation of the palliative care team.
|
|
|
Ethical issues in connection with patient and physician involvement in clinical research
Norková, Olga ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jedličková, Anetta (referee)
(in English): The subject of my dissertation is the decision of the subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. The aim of this disseration is to detect and understand the ethical aspects of decision making of subjects with oncological diseases to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. In the theoretical part of my dissertation, I define the field of clinical research, describe the phases of clinical research and ethical codes important for clinical research. The current ethical dilemmas related to the participation of subjects in the early phase of clinical trial, which are being discussed by the professional public, are presented. The research part contains the results of interviews with seventeen respondents whose content correlates with the aim of the research part and it is to understand the decision- making of subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial in terms of subjectively constructed realities, which are different for individual respondents. The results of the research show that fourteen respondents identified one of the most important aspects of the decision-making to participate in the early phase of clinical trial of the recommendation of principal investigator and trust in a physician. Twelve respondents stated the most frequent reason...
|
|
|
The importance and protection of the conscience of physician in the physician-patient relationship
Šolc, Martin ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The Importance and Protection of the Conscience of Physician in the Physician-Patient Relationship In democratic countries all over the world, the protection of the conscience of health workers represents a very relevant problem. Especially the controversial but legal procedures, such as abortion or, in some countries, euthanasia, are often refused by health workers on the basis of their conscience. The society faces a difficult dilemma of balancing the interests of physicians, patients, and health care systems. The thesis approaches the problem primarily from the perspective of Catholic moral theology in the frame of a predominantly secular environment of the contemporary Euro-American civilisation. There are analysed the concept of conscience, the basic principles of moral reasoning, virtue ethics and its importance for modern medicine and, finally, the concept of conscientious objection as a model example of the protection of health worker's conscience. The above mentioned particular topics serve as a basis for the evaluation of the importance of the conscience of health worker and the proposal of possible solutions to the related dilemmas.
|
|
|
Human dignity as the base of the physician-patient relationship
ŠVECOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis focuses on the human dignity issues, which is an integral aspect of successful treatment and good relationship between patient and doctor. The thesis outlines the historical development of ethical perception of the patient in relation to his physical, mental, social and spiritual needs of the contemporary transformations. An integral part of this development is the Christian spirituality with its charity care for the ill and destitute, which is one of the corner-stones of the European ethics. Current perceptions of human dignity is based on a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of man in his uniqueness. Method for the preparation of this work is the study of relevant literature, especially from the field of medical ethics.
|
|
|
Ethical problems in perioperative care and their impact on patient safety
Wichsová, Jana ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Munzarová, Marta (referee) ; Fontánová, Anna (referee)
The dissertation examines the ethics of staff in perioperative care. The aim was to analyze the errors that occur during surgery, to determine the participants in perioperative care who commit these mistakes, and to analyze the reasons why these errors occur. The theoretical part deals with the concept of security from different perspectives of patient safety in surgery, and the international guidelines that direct it. The situation in the Czech Republic in terms of care for patient safety in surgery is also described. One chapter deals with the autor's internship in operating rooms in Sweden. Using the results of observations, the empirical part of the dissertation analyzes the actual behaviour of staff in perioperative care during surgery against the binding documents that ensure safe perioperative care. It also sets out the reasons that lead to non-compliance of health and safety regulations in perioperative theatres. In conclusion, I suggest steps that would help to improve the situation. Key words Perioperative care, safety, security, pacient pafety, medical ethics, nursing ethics
|
|
|
Continuity of Hospices and Hospitals
Šottová, Barbora ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
This work deals with continuity of inpatient hospices and hospitals in the Czech Republic. In this issue i examine the status of inpatient hospices in the health system and in the social system, reflecting the taboo of death in continuity of care and alternatives of education in palliative care. The work consists of three main parts. The first part involves determining the aims of the work, a description of research methods, theoretical and value foundations and definition of basic terms associated with hospice care. In the second part i focus on the reflection of current situation of hospices in the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of documents i describe the funding and legislative basis for hospices. The third part is based on qualitative research. Using expert survey, i examined the views of professionals working in hospices. i also analyze the gained knowledge and divide it into individual topics. The key findings include that the interviewed experts evaluate the continuity of hospices and hospitals as affirmative. Capacity of hospices and funding are ceasing to be the main problems. However in the Czech Republic is absence of system of palliative care and the integration of palliative care into general medical disciplines.
|
|
| |
|
|
Fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law
Jedličková, Anetta ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Prudký, Libor (referee) ; Strnadová, Věra (referee)
The subject of my dissertation is fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law. The aim of my research was to analyze the frequency of fraud in clinical trials of a given sample of data collected, identify the main fraudsters and to analyze the causes that led participants in clinical trials to commit fraud. In the theoretical part of my dissertation I defined the concepts of clinical trials, deception, ethical issues and the relevant legal framework. The practical part contains the results of the data analysis of the incidence and causes of fraud, the main actors of fraud and conception of recommendations, which appears to be essential for the prevention of fraud in clinical trials. The data analysis and participant observation show that during 107 GCP (Good Glinical Practice) audits conducted during the period of 2008-2013 in 22 countries, 14 revelations of fraud in clinical trials were identified, which represents 13.1 %. Most often fraud was committed by investigators, a total of 47.6 % of all observed groups of cheating clinical trial participants. The main causes that led investigators to commit fraud represent a lack of eligible patients, financial gain and personality traits. Based on the results obtained during my research I highlighted in the practical part of my dissertation the ethical...
|
|
| |
guest ::
