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International legal protection of refugees persecuted for reasons of sexual orientation and gender identity
Bedaňová, Jana ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
International Legal Protection of Refugees Persecuted for Reasons of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: A Critique of the Human Rights Approach Abstract This thesis examines the human rights approach to the interpretation of the definition of refugee by using the example of persons persecuted on the grounds of sexual orientation and/or gender identity (SOGI). The thesis focuses primarily on the European area and how a human rights approach to the interpretation of 'persecution' may be relevant to the practice of European Union states specifically in relation to SOGI refugees. The first part outlines the context of persecution of persons fors reasons of their SOGI. It examines the criteria by which SOGI is, and potentially can be, subsumed under the relevant grounds of persecution for refugee status. The second part outlines the different approaches to interpreting the concept of persecution and elaborates more on the so-called 'circumstantial' approach embodied by UNHCR. The third part is devoted to elucidating the doctrine of the human rights approach pioneered by James Hathaway and his book The Law of Refugee Status. The fourth part examines the approach of human rights monitoring mechanisms to failed asylum seekers fearing persecution on the grounds of SOGI. It analyses the decisions of the...
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Wearing Gender: Men's Take on Fashion
Hrušková, Zita ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Benešovská, Barbora (referee)
The presented work deals with the male perspective on fashion and dressing. Clothing works with various means of communication, which are used with greater or lesser awareness of the individual. The main aim of this work is to find out how this communication is formed. In other words, it is a study of what goes into men's thinking and decision-making when it comes to clothing and what role their gender expression plays in this process. The work first presents several theoretical concepts that are inevitably connected with this topic. It is further enriched by qualitative research, which presents the mentioned topics in Czech context through 11 interviews with men of two age categories. Subsequent findings are approached through the lens of the grounded theory method. The key decision-making element turned out to be the everyday experience, which is manifested in the events in which men participate on a given day. An important aspect in men's lives are also external influences, which can come from a personal level, mainly represented by their life partners, or from a community level, exemplified by interests and leisure activities. These two main influential sources are covered by the overall social context, which sets general rules about what is appropriate or expected. In the case of the...
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Transsexuality (ethical aspects of gender transitioning and role of social work in the process)
LUKSCH, Jakub
This thesis deals with the transgender phenomenon and in three chapters explores the ethical level of transitioning and the specifics of social work with transgender clientele. First chapter presents general insight into the topic and looks into the terminological difference between the terms gender and sex, transgender and transsexuality. After that it deals with aspects of the process of transition and also briefly describes the etiology of transgender identity, representation of trans individuals in the population and the phenomenon of minority stress. Second chapter of the thesis introduces the results of a research realised as a part of the work. The results are compiled into narrations of the participants transgender life stories. Third chapter sums up the ethical dilemmas related to the transitioning process, selected ethical dilemma taken from realised research is reflected through the optics of two ethical stances (deontology of I. Kant and utilitarianism of J. S. Mill). Closing part is designated for dealing with the specifics of social work with transgender clients and are presented competences needed for high-quality social work with the transgender target group.
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Transition as a way to self-acceptance
BÍLKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of transition, in the social, medical, and legal spheres. It explores the lives of trans people from their first awareness of their gender identity, through coming out, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery. It traces the critical moments of transition and complications that arise during it. It also explores socially conditioned attitudes and negative social reception. The empirical part is developed using a qualitative strategy, in-depth interviews with people who have gone through the process of transition. It explores how trans people experience their transition, how the decision to transition is made, their satisfaction with their transition, and more. It also focuses on the reaction of the close people and surroundings and the subsequent impact on the trans person.
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Non-binary gender identities
STACHOVÁ, Kateřina
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the notion of non-binary gender identities. The paper is divided into two sections, theoretical part and empirical part. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts such as sex, gender, gender identity, cisgender, transgender and explores the development of gender identity. This is followed by the introduction of the topic of non-binary gender identities, its history and its diagnostic classification. Subsequently the author describes the evolvement of non-binary gender identities, description on gender expression and dysphoria, social climate and sexual preferences. Finally, the theoretical part summarises the professional care of these individuals. In the empirical section the author describes and analyses how non-binary individuals perceive and experience gender, and other aspects related with this identity, such as the development of awareness of non-binary gender identity, means of expression of non-binary gender identity, gender dysphoria and finally how it impacted their life. The author collected data through in-depth semi-structured interviews that have been analysed by using an open and thematic coding. The research consists of 6 individuals that either identify as non-binary or their identity falls under non-binary gender identities. The results have been presented in both, individual case reports as well as inter-case comparisons. From the data collected it is possible to say that non-binary gender individuals have a fluid perception of gender; they feel the pressure of the society and its need to classify individuals; the development of the non-binary gender identity is more flexible, it does not follow a simple linear line; the realisation of this identity is dependent on previous knowledge about non-binary gender identities; the coming out occurs primarily between friends; the most commonly perceived manifestation of identity is the use of language; the most valuable positive reaction is the support of friends and family in the form of respecting and using their preferred pronouns and preferred way of addressing them; the worst negative reaction is the non-recognition of their identity; gender dysphoria is linked with the physical aspect and body parts, language expression of people surrounding them and with sex; non-binary individuals perceive the benefits of their identity positively.
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Notions of Sexuality and Gender Identity in the Marvel Company Production
HORVÁTH, Roman
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of forms of sexuality and gender identity in the production of the Marvel company and focuses on comics. It examines the representation of sexuality and gender identity in comics. The stereotyping of the depiction of female heroines is also analysed and focuses on the representation of masculinity, femininity and queer signs. At the same time, it seeks to analyse gender stereotypes in the construction of female heroines using the psychoanalytic concept of male gaze. The development of these topics is also interspersed with socio-cultural context. The aim is also to view and analyse the possible impact of emancipation movements and historical events to comic book creation. The work can be split into two parts, of which the first theoretical part contains chapters focusing on the theory of comics from the comic book theorist Scott McCloud. It also focuses on the formal elements of comics supplemented by the theory of Martin Foret. The following parts are devoted to the methodology of comics, based on the theory of Michal Uhl. In the following chapters, there are topics such as the corporeality of the heroes and their representations, the history of Marvel and issues of gender, identity and sexuality. The next part is already devoted to the analysis of comics, which by its nature is rather a compilation of partial texts. The analytical texts focus on Captain America, Black Widow, X-Men and Mutants in the overall context and a group of Young Avengers heroes, which explore themes such as the interconnectedness of propaganda and embodiment, feminism and emancipation of female heroines, queer themes as a metaphor for mutantism and stereotypical representation of gay heroes.
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Questioning youth: Strategies and support of youth development in the context of the Czech educational system
Hrdličková, Agáta ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Pavlík, Petr (referee)
Master thesis Questioning youth: Strategies and support of youth development in the context of the Czech educational system analyses the system of prevention of homophobia and transphobia as well as possibilities of supporting questioning youth - adolescents who question their sexuality or gender identity. This master thesis provides an analysis of theoretical concepts regarding LGBTQ* adolescents, gender socialisation and institutional education. I followed three main research questions: It attempts to find answers to the following research questions: 1) How do people who are working at school counselling centres perceive questioning youth or LGBTQ* adolescents? 2) Which tools of prevention do the schools have in the areas of sexual and gender identity based discrimination or bulling and which ones do they actually use? 3) What does the systemic support of schools in the field of homophobia and transphobia prevention look like? Semi-structured interviews conducted with school counsellor and school psychologists have been chosen as a main research method. The selection of communication partners is limited to Prague and the surrounding area and includes both public and private schools. The empirical chapter establishes that the main influence on the approach of the communication partners to...
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Trans People on the Autism Spectrum
Vaněčků, Alex ; Vozková, Anna (advisor) ; Vanek, Marián (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with a co-occurrence of trans identity and autism, which has been a subject of academic interest in recent years. Its aim was to find out how these people relate to their dual diagnosis, what are their experiences with professionals, and whether they relate to autistic or trans communities. The theoretical part addresses three areas. The first part introduces the basic concepts related to trans issues and the process of transition in Czechia that most trans people go through. It also mentions the sources of stress that have psychological impacts on these people. The second section defines autism, introduces the concept of neurodiversity and briefly mentions gender differences in autism. The third part then describes the findings on the co-occurrence of autism and trans identity, the theories in consideration and the recommendations of the clinical guideline. The empirical part describes the conducted qualitative research. Two online interviews, one unstructured and one structured, were done with each of the three respondents. The interviews were transcribed and then subjected to thematic analysis. The results present the five themes that were identified in the interviews. These were: self-perception, difficulties and subjective experience, own double distinctness, the...
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Gender Stereotypes in Play and Toy Selection
Kubrová, Barbora ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hyánková, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with a timeless topic of gender stereotypes in playing and toy selection. The theoretical part clarifies concepts such as: gender, sex, masculinity and feminity and in this context it looks at gender identity, its development in a personality and gender roles, which are associated with it. In the next part it takes interest in concepts such as game and toy and it divides game into several categories, in addition it takes a closer look at these concepts not only from the view of philosophy, but also from the view of developmental psychology which allows the reader a better insight into the matter. After clarifying these basic concepts, the work continues to gender preference for different types of toys and how this phenomenon relates to upbringing and society. The aim of this work is to find out, whether these gender stereotypes are still present in play nowadays and therefore the work asks this question in the empirical part and it examines this matter in a research through watching children during a spontaneous play. KEYWORDS Gender, gender stereotypes, gender identity, gender role, playing, game, upbringing, society
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