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Prebiotic sweetener tagatose
Jurečková, Zuzana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This sweetener, D-tagatose, has numerous advantages, which would eventually be able to use in the food industry. It summarizes the properties of Dtagatose, physical and also chemical, the possibility of production from lactose or bacterial action on Dtalitol. The basic information about the properties of Dtagatosy also discusses the actual metabolism of Dtagatose, prebiotic properties and their effect in the gastrointestinal tract. Dtagatose is a proposed new sweetener, because the possibility can not be missed in certain applications tagatose in a different types of foods for example confectionery. And positive qualities in comparison with sucrose. This comparison is made to examples of disease associated with excessive use of conventional sweeteners sucrose. This paper also discusses possibilities Dtagatose determination in foods by different methods.
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Fluorescenční sondy pro detekci sacharidů a glykovaných proteinů pomocí kapilární elektroforézy
Kozáková, Silvie
Glycated albumin (gHSA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) represent important biomarkers assessing the progression of diabetes mellitus disease. The aim of this thesis was to develop and optimize a method for the simultaneous determination of these glycated proteins from human blood by capillary electrophoresis using the fluorescent probe ABAM (anthracene boronic acid methacrylate). Thanks to this new method, it was possible to selectively determine these two proteins with a resolution of 5.70 and the LOD of 11.9 µg/ml for gHSA and 26.5 µg/ml for HbA1c. Subsequently, the optimized method was successfully applied to a real human blood sample. The simultaneous determination of these biomarkers can help to better monitor dynamic changes during diabetes and enable its monitoring in cases, where HbA1c assessment is inappropriate for medical reasons (anemia, etc.).
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lmportance of epicardial fat in heart diseases: new mechanism of action and their therapeutic implication
Matloch, Zdeněk ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Lipš, Michal (referee)
It was documented earlier that epicardial fat is a source of pro-inflammatory mediators under basal conditions (Mazurek, Zhang et al. 2003, Baker, Silva et al. 2006). It was also found that during cardiac surgery there is an increased expression of mRNA for pro- inflammatory cytokines in both epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Kremen, Dolinkova et al. 2006). During advanced heart failure, an inflammation of adipose tissue and resistance to adiponectin was also discovered (Khan, Kato et al. 2012). As part of the project, we tested the hypothesis that changes in levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including their expression in adipose, muscle and heart tissue, as well as changes in insulin resistance and lipid profile parameters, are dependent on the type of underlying disease of patients, either the presence of CAD or valve degeneration. The aim of our project was to investigate metabolic changes in various fat tissues, insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plasmatic levels and their mRNA expressions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing either elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or isolated valve replacement. Our patients underwent several blood tests and measurements like anthropometric, biochemical, and...
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Neinvazivní stanovení glykémie z fotopletysmografických signálů nasnímaných pomocí chytrých zařízení
Vargová, Enikö ; Němcová, Andrea
Tento příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi neinvazivního stanovení glykémie z fotopletysmografických (PPG) signálů nasnímaných pomocí chytrého náramku a chytrého telefonu. Byly navrženy a implementovány dvě metody pro klasifikaci glykémie do dvou skupin (nízká a vysoká glykémie). Byly také vytvořeny modely strojového učení pro predikci konkrétní hodnoty glykémie. Reference byla získána invazivním měřením glykémie pomocí glukometru. Nejlepších výsledků klasifikace PPG záznamů do dvou skupin dosahuje metoda náhodný les (RF) a metoda podpůrných vektorů (SVM) s rbf jádrem. Zmíněné modely dosahují přesnosti na testovací sadě dat z chytrého náramku Acc = 76 % (SVM) a Acc = 75 % (RF). Ověření funkčnosti navržených modelů bylo následně provedeno na testovací sadě dat z chytrého telefonu, kde oba modely dosahují obdobných výsledků: Acc = 74 % (SVM) a Acc = 75 % (RF). Konkrétní hodnotu glykémie nejlépe predikoval RF pro regresi, který dosahuje průměrné absolutní chyby MAE = 1,25 mmol/l na testovací sadě dat z chytrého náramku a MAE = 1,37 mmol/l na testovací sadě dat z chytrého telefonu.
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Targeting insulin storage forms in pancreatic β-cell secretory granules
Asai, Seiya ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Skořepa, Ondřej (referee) ; Koblas, Tomáš (referee)
In this dissertation, we focused on a comprehensive investigation of insulin production, storage and secretion by pancreatic -cells. We successfully developed a new assay for the rapid and sensitive determination of insulin concentration in biological samples. This assay, based on the competition of the measured sample with a radioligand for the insulin receptor, helped us to determine the influence of several low molecular weight compounds, as well as peptides, on insulin secretion. We found that arginine and ornithine have a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on glucose- stimulated insulin secretion from -cells, but that dopamine inhibits insulin secretion. The effect of serotonin on insulin secretion was ambiguous. We also studied the effects of the bone protein osteocalcin and its fragments on insulin secretion. We found that these peptides do not stimulate insulin secretion from -cells, but that osteocalcin may have proliferative properties. We also tested the effect of tryptophan and its metabolites and found that these compounds do not stimulate insulin secretion but that some of them may inhibit secretion at higher concentrations. An important result of the study is the experimental confirmation of the presence of crystalline insulin in the secretory granules of -cells. This is the first...
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How the teaching profession affects the compenstaion of type I diabetics
Radechovská, Nikola ; Thorovská, Alena (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The diploma thesis of the topic of How the teaching profession affects the compensation of type I. diabetics consists of two parts. And that for the theoretical and practical part. Within the framework of the theoretical work, the content is focused not only on the characteristics of what diabetes mellitus actually is as such, but primarily deals with diabetes mellitus type I. in relation to the topic of the diploma thesis. There are selected topics such as diabetes treatment options, new developments in closed-loop therapy, but also acute and chronic complications, diabetes distress and diabetes depression. There are also topics related to the teaching profession, such as the characteristics of teacher within teaching as a profession, who can teach, but also gender representation in education and teacher burnout sydrome. As part of the practical part a questionnaire survey was asked, which was focused on the effect on the overal compensation of type i. diabetic who works as a teacher. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, in which 33 respondents took part, it cannot be said that teaching profession have an effect on the compensation. Only 3 respondents, 9,1 % reported that their total type I. diabetes compensation worsened after starting work as a teacher. Interesting results were...
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Induction of beta-cell proliferation by synthetic modified mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators
Ivanovská, Dana ; Koblas, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a high blood glucose level over a prolonged period of time. Hyperglycemia is caused by the loss of pancreatic insulin producing beta cells. Diabetes mellitus II is linked with insulin resistence, which can indirectly lead to beta cell deficiency. It logically follows that the replacement or regeneration of beta cells could lead to a successful remission of diabetes. D type cyclins (D1, D2, D3) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 4/6 appear to have the potential to induce beta cell proliferation. These proteins are responsible for driving cell mitotic entry. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to verify the possibility of inducing beta cell proliferation via D type and Cdk4/6 synthetic mRNA transfection. In vitro-synthesized mRNA induces short-therm protein overexpression. Cyclins harboring mutations are characterized by a higher protein stability and an increased half-life. The presence of D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 after cell transfection was detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Also a Western blot analysis with subsequent immunodetection was performed. Transfecting rat islet cells with various D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 mRNA combinations has shown to lead to a significant induction of beta cell proliferation. The levels of beta cell...
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Estimation of blood glucose level based on PPG signals measured by smart devices
Vargová, Enikö ; Němcová, Andrea
This paper deals with the possibilities of non-invasivedetermination of blood glucose from photoplethysmographic signals.Monitoring blood sugar is the most important part of managingdiabetes. Diabetes is one of the world’s major chronic diseases.Untreated diabetes is often a cause of death.Two datasets have been created by recording thephotoplethysmographic signals of 16 people using two smart devices(a smart wristband and a smartphone), along with their bloodglucose levels measured in an invasive way. Thephotoplethysmographic signals were preprocessed, and suitablefeatures were extracted from them. The aim of the work is to proposemethods for glycemic classification and prediction.Various machine-learning models were created. The best modelfor classifying blood glucose into two groups (low blood glucose andhigh blood glucose) is random forest, which achieves an F1 score of84% and 80% on two different test sets obtained from two smartdevices. The best blood glucose level prediction model is also basedon random forest and achieves an MAE of 1.02 mmol/l and 1.17mmol/l on both testing datasets.
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Preparation and characterization of vesiculin, a two-chain protein derived from IGF-2
Mrzílková, Karolína ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pačesová, Andrea (referee)
Hormones of insulin family are one of the most studied groups of proteins due to their connection to large number of diseases including type two diabetes mellitus, tumorigenesis and some neurodegenerative diseases. The newest member of this superfamily is a two-chain analogue of IGF-2 called vesiculin. This peptide was originally isolated from secretory granules of mouse βTC6-F7 cell line and is currently believed to have a endocrine or paracrine effect on pancreatic β-cells. Its sequence homology with IGF-2 and structural similarity to insulin foreshadows vesiculin's potential metabolic, proliferation and growth properties and further secures its place as scientifically interesting and clinically lucrative topic. The insulin theme is corelated with insulin resistance, pathological state present primarily in early stages of development of type two diabetes mellitus. Vesiculin is able to stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis even in this condition which differentiates it form insulin and IGF-2 whose glucoregulatory activity is blunted in face of insulin resistance. Further research of vesiculin and insulin family receptor interaction, including dimeric tyrosinekinase receptor for IGF-1 and insulin, but also monomeric IGF-2 receptor, can provide more knowledge on character of this binding...
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