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Population Ageing in China
Pawliková, Barbora ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bejkovský, Jan (referee)
The fear of uncontrollable population growth in the second half of the 20th century made the Chinese government introduce a birth control policy. The sharp decline of the fertility rate below the replacement rate and the extension of life expectancy translate now to unusually fast population ageing. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the causes that lead to ageing of the current Chinese population and its impacts on the economy and to demonstrate possible practises that could be used to cope with the consequences of the population ageing in the People´s Republic of China. The first chapter concerns itself with the demography of population in general, characterizes indicators that are used to describe population development and subsequently defines population policy and describes its different types. Part of the chapter is dedicated to the population policy in China in the second half of the 20th century. The second chapter describes the current state of Chinese population and explains the problems that result from population ageing (e.g. labour force decline and wage increase that relates to it, disappearing demographic dividend or lack of social services facilities). The third chapter focuses on the practises which the Chinese government uses to react to population ageing. The newly established two-child policy and the effects which it could bring in relation to ageing are emphasized. The chapter also includes recommendations as to on which actions should the government focus so that the ageing does not pose a threat to the country and its development.
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Strengthening of the Chinese IT sector as a possible way from a middle-income trap
Pitnerová, Kristýna ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Žamberský, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of the middle income trap, in connection with the development of Chinese economy and information technology sector since the beginning of the 21st century. The first chapter defines the middle income and describes the characteristics of the middle income trap. The second chapter deals with the development of the Chinese economy, its challenges and describes the role of the Chinese government in research and development. The third chapter is concentrated on Chinese foreign mergers and acquisitions, which are the main tool for obtaining the lack of know-how and knowledge in the area of high-tech technologies. The fourth chapter describes specific development cases of selected Chinese manufacturers in the IT industry - Lenovo and Huawei. Based on the comparison of foreign acquisitions made by these two companies, the relationship between the approach to realization of the acquisition and the influence of the given mark on the global market has been demonstrated. The main aim of the thesis is to verify hypothesis of the strengthening the Chinese IT industry not only on the domestic market but also in the world, where is demonstrated that increased support in IT development is one of the possible ways of escaping the middle-income trap.
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The Ranking of Shanghai Real Estate Price Determinants
Sýkora, Michal ; Neumaierová, Inka (advisor) ; Machek, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis studies the price determinants of newly developed residential buildings in Shanghai. It introduces the history and present of real estate market in PRC and Shanghai. It further describes the characteristics, trends, and structural problems the market is facing now, as well as possible future development. The empirical research is based on regression analysis using ordinary least squares method (OLS). The data analysis is performed using STATA statistical software in version 14. Statistically significant determinants are ranked according to their impact. The most impactful determinant is monetary supply. Followed by interest rate, SSE index, income and the amount of finished real estate investments. The least significant determinant is the floor space of newly constructed residential buildings in Shanghai.
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China's Accession to the World Trade Organization: Case study of U.S.- China trade disputes
Carhounová, Kristýna ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the case study of U.S-China trade disputes under the World Trade Organization (WTO) after China's accession to the WTO. Firstly I will briefly outline the US-China relations from 1949 to 2001. I will then focus on China's incentives of becoming a part of the multilateral system and the impact of China's accession to the WTO on US-China trade. Second part concentrates on the development of foreign trade between the US and China as well as on the structural problems of Chinese economy that prevents China from doing smooth business with the US. Appreciation of China's currency renminbi, huge trade deficit of the US, complicated access to the Chinese market and many others are all among the problematic areas. Even though China has pledged to fulfill a whole range of commitments, it doesn't always abide by the rules. Some of the cases mentioned often cause friction between China and its trading partners, including the US, which are often brought to the Dispute Settlement (DS) under the WTO. Following a brief outline of the DSM, I will then focus on the China's evolution in the Dispute settlement system. During the first years of China's membership in the WTO, the members rarely challenged China before the court. However, after the end of China's five-year...
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The Development of Foreign Trade between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America since China's Accession to WTO
Kyselková, Ivana ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Lepš, Jakub (referee)
The thesis "The Development of Foreign Trade between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America since China's Accession to the WTO" analyzes in detail the trade relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. Since 1978, the trade between the PRC and the US in goods and services has been growing. One of the milestones in the mutual relationship, but also in the development of the Chinese economy, was China's accession to the WTO, which opened to the PRC a non-discriminatory access to world markets. Due to the increasing trade exchange between the PRC and the US, the bilateral relationship has gradually began to take on complexity and first disputes have appeared that had to be addressed in the WTO and through bilateral negotiations. The thesis analyzes trade disputes related in particular to the protection of intellectual property rights, health and safety standards of products, espionage and inadequate fulfilment of the WTO rules. One of the most frequently discussed topics in the American media and politics has been the subject of the growing trade deficit with China, for the growth of which some US politicians have blamed the currency undervaluation of the RMB maintained by the Chinese government. The thesis concludes that the problem of...
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Serpent in the Water: Debating the Chinese Maritime Strategy
Slominski, Michael ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
A current topic of international debate among western geopolitical scholars concerns whether recent demonstrations of Chinese naval power represent China's adoption of an outwardly aggressive maritime strategy which might require a reactive change of approach by western nations in dealing with Southeast Asian trading interests. This paper analyzes recent developments in Chinese maritime strategy in order to determine whether the strategy is actually offensive or defensive. Drawing on a realist interpretation of international relations, a geo- strategic evaluation of the Chinese state, and a detailed understanding of the principles of maritime strategy, this paper addresses the inherent difficulty in distinguishing between offensive and defensive maritime strategies given that maritime states naturally develop power-projection forces in order to protect their Sea Lanes of Communication and maritime commerce. In an effort to discern the strategic intent underlying China's modern naval activity, this paper establishes an independent vision of China's optimal defensive maritime strategy based on the state's current threat environment, and compares those results against recent investments in China's naval power. By examining the congruency of these two positions, this work offers a contextualized...
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Missile Defence in Northeast Asia and its Influence on the Chinese Strategic Behaviour
Mareš, Tomáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Smetana, Michal (referee)
Master thesis analyzes strategic behavior of the PRC in the region of the Northeast Asia in direct relationship with regional missile defense. The aim is to analyze motives of China`s regional strategic behavior with respect to the specific technological element (= Theatre Missile Defense) on the basis of predetermined analytical levels: realistic, liberal and constructivist. But there are great differences in technological configuration of individual missile defense systems or in the configuration of the relationship of regional actors with the PRC. Thus the thesis will comprise of case studies analyzing the complex relationship of the PRC and regional actors (that are creating regional missile defense). The creation of regional missile defense can endanger China`s vital strategic interests (in the region of Northeast Asia) under specific conditions. But the regional strategic behaviour of the PRC is moderate. The aim is to explain, why the PRC does not change its regional strategic behavior in direct connection with emerging theater missile defence.
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