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The study of the impact of the mutual interaction of selected antibacterial drugs in vitro on activity against enterococci
Netíková, Nina ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Nina Netíková Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The study of the impact of the mutual interaction of selected antibacterial drugs in vitro on activity against enterococci Background: The point of the experimental part of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the mutual interaction of two selected, clinically approved antibiotics in combination on two selected bacterial strains of genus Enterococcus. The effect of the combination was evaluated using the FIC index. Based on the calculation of the FIC index, the mutual interaction was further classified as synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic. Methods: To evaluate the interaction of antibacterial drugs in combination, four antibiotics were selected and employed to a pair-wise combinations. The main antibiotic was daptomycin, which was combined with tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin. The effect of pair-wise combinations was monitored against the clinical isolate Enterococcus faecium and against the collection bacterial strain Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Determination of MIC values was performed using the microdilution broth technique according to the EUCAST...
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Myofunctional therapeutic concept in patients with dysfunction of orofacial area
Harudová, Kateřina ; Zahrádka Köhlerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kejhová, Eva (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Kateřina Harudová Supervisor: Mgr. Michaela Zahrádka Köhlerová Title: Myofunctional therapy in patients with orofacial disorders Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of myofunctional disorders in the orofacial area and the possibilities of therapy. The work is a case study character and consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part provides an overview of the current knowledge about myofunctional disorders and therapeutic approaches. It covers an anatomy and ontogenetic development of the orofacial area, physiology of speech development, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and possibilities of prevention of myofunctional disorders. The theoretical part also includes an overview of selected therapeutic concepts and part about cooperation with pediatric patients. The practical part demonstrates the use of myofunctional therapeutic concept in the form of case studies of two pediatric patients. A partial goal of the work was create an educational brochure to facilitate self-therapy for parents and their children at home. After studying the literature and applying the concept, it was shown that myofunctional therapy improve muscle tone and motor skills of the lips and tongue, increase tongue muscles strenght, and optimizes resting position of...
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Possibilities of using elements of Waldorf and Montessori pedagogy in the teaching of geography in current schools
Frančíková, Barbora ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jelen, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines which elements of Waldorf and Montessori pedagogy geography teachers utilize in their teaching at mainstream schools and further identifies potential barriers to the utilization of these elements. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is first devoted to the definition of the alternative school. It briefly discusses the origin and development of alternative schools, their characteristics, functions and typologies. This section also includes information on two selected types of alternative schools - Waldorf and Montessori. Attention is paid to the characteristics of the main features of these schools, their development, expansion and the organisation of teaching. The main elements and principles that could bring enrichment to traditional geography teaching are described. In the practical part, an investigation is carried out using the method of semi-structured interviews with selected teachers. The information gathered is analysed to identify the barriers to the inclusion of Waldorf and Montessori elements in geography teaching in mainstream schools, as well as the elements used by teachers. Keywords: Waldorf, Montessori, alternative school, traditional school, geographic education, integration of alternative elements
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Comparative evolution and development of the vertebrate spiracular region
Dušek, Martin ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Vaškaninová, Valéria (referee)
The area of the first two pharyngeal arches (mandibular and hyoid) represents an evolutionarily very flexible part of the vertebrate head. An example of such flexibility is the spiracular region, comprising the two arches together with the first pharyngeal endodermal pouch (also called spiracular or hyomandibular), which physically seperates them. This pouch is able to break through to the outside creating a small paired opening on the dorsal part of the head behind eyes, termed the spiracle. The spiracle in its typical form can be found in the majority of chondrichthyans and in some basal ray-finned fishes (bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes) and serves usually as an additional inhalatory opening for water (in chondrichthyans, when the mouth is occupied) or air (in bichirs, providing the majority of their respiration). This opening apparently has its origins in an ancestral hyomandibular gill slit, which was reduced in size and displaced dorsally by migrating hyoid arch supporting the jaws. In recent tetrapods, including humans, the spiracular cavity corresponds to the cavity of the middle ear, obtaining the function of recieving and transmitting sound waves. This thesis summarizes known important aspects of the spiracular region in terms of morphology, ontogeny and phylogeny of vertebrates.
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Synthesis and coordination behaviour of diphenylphosphinoferrocifen
Křelinová, Magda ; Schulz, Jiří (advisor) ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (referee)
Title: Synthesis and coordination behaviour of diphenylphosphinoferrocifen Author: Bc. Magda Křelinová Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry Supervisor: RNDr. Jiří Schulz, Ph.D. Abstract: Ferrocifen, as a ferrocene analog of a commonly used drug - tamoxifen, showed promising activity against breast cancer cells - both the hormone-dependent type and the hormone-independent one. The treatment of the latter is a struggle for today's medicine and a new effective treatment is urgently needed. One of the goals of this thesis was to optimize the synthesis of 1-{1-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]propyl}-1'-(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (compound 4), which will provide a way of conjugating the ferrocifenol moiety to metal complexes, that are also studied as anticancer agents. The combination of those effects could provide some interesting results against cancer cells. In this thesis, 8 complexes of compound 4 as a ligand were prepared. All of these compounds were subsequently tested on cancerous (MDA-MB-231, and A549) as well as non-cancerous (MCF10A) cell lines to assess their biological activity and potential selectivity towards cancerous cells. Ru Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 6 Ru Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 7 Ru Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 8 Ru Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 9 Ir Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 10 Rh Cl Cl P Ph2 Fe HO OH 11 Fe P...
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Root - shoot junction (collet) development
Hermann, Jiří ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Although the root-shoot junction (collet) of adult plants is a well-identifiable part of the plant body, its development has, surprisingly till now, escaped serious research attention. The junction is a key region in the life of plants, as it connects two contrasting plant life environments and involves important changes in developmental programs - underground vs aboveground. The junction in angiosperms is first established during the embryogenesis phase of development in the form of the broad embryonic root- hypocotyl transition region, and it continues to develop further after seed germination during the individual's growth. The most important organ in this process is the hypocotyl, which exhibits considerable developmental plasticity, allowing extraordinary elongation in etiolated dark growth but also initiating formation of adventitious roots upon the deetiolation. During each stage of the junction's development, auxin signalling and polar auxin transport play a crucial role. Most of the research focuses on the development of the junction in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The significance of the phylogenetic origin of the junction is also discussed from the perspective of the evolutionary origin of roots vs shoots and embryos evolution. This work aims to provide an overview of the...
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Adverbial -ing Clauses in Newswriting: A Diachronic Comparison
Lávička, Adam ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The present diploma thesis deals with the "adverbial ing-clause network", comprising free adjuncts, absolute constructions, and adverbial verbal gerunds, as postulated by Fonteyn and Pol (2016). Taking a diachronic perspective, the study examines adverbial -ing clauses and their inherent features (i.e. augmentation, position, punctuation, co-reference, complexity, and semantic interpretation) in two manually compiled corpora of newspaper reports from The Guardian, seeking to unveil differences between the two corpora as regards the usage of -ing clauses that may have stemmed from the shift in medium over the 70-year time span. While the 'Old Corpus' features newspaper reports from 1953 in printed broadsheet format, the 'New Corpus' consists of news articles from 2023 in online format. Further, this thesis also aims to detect and elucidate trends in the usage of -ing clauses, as well as verify correlations between the inherent features of -ing clauses as proposed in previous research. The empirical analysis has uncovered a number of significant differences in the employment of -ing clauses between the two periods. The 'New Corpus' was observed to have 2.8 times higher incidence of -ing clauses, a fact that was argued to boil down to the shift in the medium and its accompanying structural changes of...
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Drought stress response of European beech seedlings monitored using physiological and optical indicators.
Červenka, Ondřej ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
One of the manifestations of global climate change is an increase in extreme temperatures and drought waves, while forecasts of future development indicate deepening negative impacts. The effect of these abiotic stress factors is reflected in the physiological state of the vegetation. It is therefore necessary to find suitable stress indicators that will help detect the worsening of physiological state of vegetation in time series. Indicators can be detected not only by physiological methods, but also optical ones, for further use of vegetation monitoring by remote sensing methods. Forest beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a native tree in our context, currently widely used in forestry for planting more species-varied communities of trees that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. The aim of the thesis was to study the responses of beech to drought stress using physiological and optical indicators. Beech seedlings (planting material from the nursery) were placed in containers in the experimental greenhouse for two experimental seasons, water supply was mediated by drip irrigation. The experimental material was divided into three groups with graded irrigation (control, moderate drought and drought). The watering regime consisted of three periods of drought and recovery phases with uniform,...
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Development of regulatory T cells and their role in autoimmune diseases
Tomicová, Kateřina ; Hadlová, Petra (advisor) ; Vašek, Daniel (referee)
T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are the basic cell population of the immune system. They play a role in suppression of immune responses, maintenance of homeostasis of the body and tolerance of its own tissues. Tregs develop in the thymus from bone marrow progenitors, similar to other T lymphocytes. At the same time, they also develop in the periphery from mature helper T lymphocytes due to the cytokines IL-2 and TGF-β. The key molecule that characterizes Treg is the transcription factor FOXP3 expressed in the nukleus. Other molecules typically found on the surface of Treg include the surface molecules IL-2RA, CTLA-4, ICOS, GITR, TIGIT and PD-1. FOXP3 is an essential molecule for Treg suppressive function and stability. Stability is ensured by hypomethylation and histone modifications of the FOXP3 gene. Deficiency of Treg cells can cause autoimmune diseases such as IPEX, APECED and DiGeorge syndrome, demonstrating the importance of these cells for proper immune function. Studying the mechanisms of Treg cell function and understanding how to maintain their stability is contributing to a large body of research that seeks to exploit their unique properties in therapies and treatments for autoimmune and cancer diseases. Treg cell therapy is developing in two main directions. The first focuses on the...
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