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Diagnostics of lexical and semantic level of language in preschool age
Malechová, Veronika ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This theses deals with diagnostic of speech development of pre-school children. Its focus is on lexical-semantic language level. The goal of my work is to trace and map diagnostic possibilities in the lexical- semantic area of of pre-school children and to introduce the international PPVT test , considering its adaptation into czech language environment. Theses consists of two parts - the theoretical and empiric. Theoretical part is concern with the most important theories and personalities in the speech development and the process of experiencing language, characteristics of pre-school period, ontogenesis of speech and the ways to evaluate vocabulary and semantics in Czech and overseas. The empiric part examines the usages of PPVT in czech environment. The survey was realised by quantitative research, using datas from 236 tested individuals. The PPVT was adapted into czech language and given to preschool children, whose results were compared with the results of american children. The outcomes of the empiric part could be a solution for future research in the area, with the purpose of adapting a testing- language instrument into czech language and widening the limited possibilities in the field of language and speech development evaluation. Keywords: ontogenesis of speech, pre-school period,...
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Biology of the soldier caste in the termite genus Prorhinoterme (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Hanus, Robert ; Štys, Pavel (advisor) ; Žďárek, Jan (referee) ; Korb, Judith (referee)
Ontogeny of soldiers in Prorhinotermes simplex The soldiers were found to develop from larvae of the second up to the eighth instar, via a short (13-17 days) presoldier stage. The early soldier instars were found exclusively in incipient colonies while the mature colony contained late instar soldiers only. The first soldiers occur early in the incipient colonies; as soon as one year a er the establishment of these colonies a high proportion of soldiers was observed, which is comparable to that in mature colonies. The abrupt change in the external anatomy occurs in two steps. During the larva-presoldier moult, the head increases in length but only slightly in width. During the presoldier-soldier moult, both the length and width of the head increase markedly and the typical cordate shape is attained; the relative size of the pronotum increases considerably. The long falcate mandibles develop mainly during the larva-presoldier moult. One antennal segment is added during these two moults. With increasing instar age of soldiers a relative increase of the pronotum and the head size in its posterior region was observed. No functional differences in external anatomy were found among the six soldier instars. The composition of the frontal gland secretion is similar in the six soldier instars, an...
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Guardians of the Public Interest: Frame Delimiting of watchdog Activism in the Context of Social scientific Discourse and in the Perspective of its Representatives
Beránková, Petra Alexandra ; Frič, Pavol (advisor) ; Kotlas, Petr (referee)
The work deals with the phenomenon of so called watchdog organizations. The increasing number and influence of these organizations indicates a creation of new social movement. The authoress defines them as a type of public benefit nongovernmental organizations focused on the controlling of the public sphere or advocating and asserting a "public interest" in relation to the democratization of society. The authoress target is to understand this type of action, so she asks herself the question: Which frameworks are used by watchdog activists for the interpretation of their acting? At first there is briefly presented the concept of watchdog in the context of wider reflections of contemporary society, mainly in the context of reflexive modernity, monitory and participatory democracy and information society. Secondly there is introduced Goffman's framework analysis and the related conceptualization of framework of social movements by Benford and Snow. The authoress highlights a definition of frames as the principles of selection, emphasis and presentation about what happens, and what matters. In the next part of this work, there are presented the methodology and results of the qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with watchdog activists. The research is settled in the area of...
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Psychosocial intervention for women with perinatal loss
Borůvková, Klára ; Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This dissertation is focused on mapping the needs and development of experiencing the prenatal loss integration process in mothers, whose child died during the second or the third pregnancy trimester or suffered stillbirth. The goal of this dissertation is to suggest optimal intervention, which would prevent the progress of complications in terms of psychological disorders (PTSD, PAS). The theoretical part describes prenatal loss from the aspect of incidence and etiology and the loss of a close relative in general. It also focuses on the specifics of prenatal loss, the topic of crisis and its experience, phases of crisis, definition of the term "psychosocial intervention" and demarcation of its existing forms. This part also offers several perspectives and attitudes to the topic of grief as a process of hard life experience integration. It also describes several phases and problems connected with their fulfillment. The empirical part focuses on surveying the experiences and needs of women, who have suffered with prenatal loss. It also follows the approaches and circumstances, means of support, which helped women to cope with such an experience. It also tries to identify such aspects, which hindered this acceptation or made it more complicated. Research inquiry involves 13 depth interviews, which...
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Anticancer immunity in animal models and experimental immunotherapy with glycodendrimers specific for the lectin-like receptor NKR-P1
Vannucci, Luca Ernesto ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Bubeník, Jan (referee) ; Apte, Ron Nathan (referee)
5 SUMMARY Anticancer immunity is a complex network in which innate immunity play an critical role. The immune system can control the onset of tumors by recognizing the changed phenotype of the transformed cells as a non-self phenotype. The active control against cells not presenting self characters is defined by the paradigm of immune surveillance. In recent years, various studies have shown that the immune response against transformed cells start as a localized acute inflammatory response. The cooperation of natural-killer cells (NK) and phagocytes attracted by so-called "danger signals" (pro-inflammatory molecules and chemo-attractants delivered by stressed cells) can lead to total ablation of the harmful cell clone. If the intervention is not completely efficient, immunoediting of the tumor can follow with stimulation of chronic inflammatory responses, mainly mediated by macrophages. The systemic immunity attempt to terminate the uncontrolled inflammation stimulates the intervention of regulatory T lymphocytes and the shift from an antitumor cytotoxic Th1 response to a Th2 inhibitory response. This regulatory mechanism paradoxically assists the tumor development. All the described events needs the interplay and cooperation of both tumor cells and host cells and stromal elements, that altogether form the...
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Taxation of income from employment: Real Impact of Legislative Changes - case study
Marková, Diana ; Kemény, Irena (advisor) ; Hollmannová, Monika (referee)
This paper discusses the development of income tax of employees. The aim of this work is to model the real impact of legislative changes in the Czech Republic on the actual tax burden of employees with different incomes and propose optimal solution of tax calculation. The modelling is based on data containing gross salary, applicable tax allowances and tax reliefs for each employee of concrete production company in 2012. For the other years, the data are modelled from the given set using inflation. For comparison of the actual tax burden I use the effective tax rate, implicit tax rate and net implicit tax rate. The results of the calculations show that the tax deductions and the minimum and maximum base for social and health security contributions have the biggest effect on the tax rate. In the absence of tax deductions, the real tax burden for most employees according to the effective tax rate would have been almost constant over time. In fact, in terms of the effective tax rate the tax burden has declined slightly thanks to an increase in tax deductions. The results also show that the biggest differences in tax burden among employees are due to the (non) application of tax deductions.
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Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon
Libertín, Milan ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Cleal, Christopher J. (referee)
Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon In frames of the present thesis taphonomical and paleoecological processed were described in selected localities of whetstone horizon. Fossil plant assemblage known from the locality Štilec represents plant community buried in situ by volcanic ash after volcanic explosion (Pennsylvanian, Bolsov). Plant community exhibits relatively low diversity assemblage of herbaceous and subarborescent plants. This unique taphocoenose was interpreted as pioneer assemblage growing in partly drained lake. In the locality Ovčín the peat bog of Lower Radnice Seam was buried during the same volcanic eruption by volcanic ash. Up to now 5 excavations were recovered of the area of seats over 150 m 2 on two sites which are approximately 40 m distant from each other. In this area 27 morphotaxa of fossil plant was recorded. They represent 20 whole plants. Fossil plant remains represent fossil plant assemblage dominated by lycopod plants of planar (rheotrophic) swamp situated in narrow palaeovalley with active fluvial system. Second part of the thesis is focused on systematic descriptions of fossil plant taxa from localities of the Whetstone horizon. A monotypic genus Huttonia and species Huttonia spicata from Class Sphenopsids was emended. Further there were described...
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Contaminant mobility and toxicity in soil profiles in the Mufulira smelting area (Copperbelt, Zambia)
Konečný, Ladislav ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
ii SUMMARY The smelter in Mufulira is one of the several active copper smelters in Copperbelt area in Zambia. It had operated for almost 70 years and during that period all offgas and dust were released into the atmosphere. Six profiles, three of them beneath trees, were sampled in the distances of 3.6, 8 and 24 km from the smelter. Each profile consisted of 9-10 layers collected continuously from the topsoil till depth of 60-70 cm. Following parameters were measured for each layer: pH, TC, TS a CEC, then total concentration of Ag, As, Al, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V a Zn and extractability by EDTA. The total concentrations of metals/metalloids were measured by ICP-OES and quadrupole- based ICP-MS. TC and TS were determined by thermal analysis and mobility of metals was assessed according to their extractability by EDTA. The aim of this work was to compare vertical distribution and mobility especially of these metals Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn among profiles. Finally a standardized toxicity test was performed with ten selected layers (include all top soils) from all profiles. This reproductive test with Enchytraeus crypticus reflected how tested soil samples were suitable for living and reproducing this specimen of invertebrates. Generally the total concentrations of metals decreased in...
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Morphogenesis of bacterial colonies
Čepl, Jaroslav ; Markoš, Anton (advisor) ; Konopásek, Ivo (referee) ; Nemec, Alexandr (referee)
The topic of this thesis has been built on previous work of our group, especially Rieger et al. 2008 and Čepl et al. 2010. We examined and described the regularity of morphogenesis of S. marcescens, morphotype F colonies (from "the fountain", because of a shape it resembles). Typical colony consists of elevated red navel, low non-pigmented ring and again elevated red rim. Structured profile of the colony together with changes in pigmentation of structures during development without need of artificial dying, provides considerable advantage in observation of the morphogenesis. Aims of this thesis were (i) to find other factors that affect the morphogenesis, (ii) to characterize interactions of S. marcescens colonies with other bacterial strains (S. rubidaea and E .coli) and finally (iii) to study the phenomenon of induced resistance to the antibiotics described in (Heal and Parsons, 2002; Lu 2004; Bernier et al. 2011) in our model organisms. (i) Mutual interactions of colonies on the plate indicates that morphogenesis is affected by autocrine signals, which diffuse into the medium and the atmosphere and affect the development of surrounding colonies. We have detected changes of pH of the medium during the development of colonies in their vicinity. At ...
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Panels of steroid receptor reporter cell lines for compound profiling and development of selective ligands for estrogen receptor alpha and beta
Sedlák, David ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Anzenbacher, Pavel (referee) ; Kasal, Alexander (referee)
of the Ph.D. thesis Steroid hormone receptors represent a major target in the drug discovery. As ligand inducible transcription factors, their activity can be modulated by small lipophilic molecules. The first part of this work describes a preparation of two panels of potent, selective and robust luciferase reporter cell lines on the unified cellular background in U2OS osteosarcoma cell line. This system consists of two panels of stable luciferase reporter cell lines for estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and progesterone receptor (PR). The first panel of reporter cell lines relies on the expression of the chimeric steroid receptors created by the replacement of the N-terminal part of the steroid receptor molecule by Gal4 DNA binding domain (Gal4 DBD) binding to 9 copies of Gal4 upstream activation sequences (Gal4 UAS) in the promoter of the pGL4 luciferase reporter vector. In the second panel of reporter cell lines the activation of either synthetic promoter containing multiple hormone response elements or viral promoter derived from MMTV LTR is mediated by full- length exogenously expressed steroid receptors. We have extensively validated both panels using 28 well established ligands, carefully...
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