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Factors influencing the age of introduction of complementary foods in the Czech Republic
Dardová, Klára ; Sabolová, Monika (advisor) ; Floriánková, Marcela (referee)
Introduction and objectives: Health organizations agree, that the introduction of complementary foods should take place at the earliest after the end of the 4th month (17th week) and no later than the end of the 6th month (26th week). The age of the child, at which mothers decide to start with the first complementary foods, can be influenced by many factors related to the mother or the child. The aim of this study is to identify these factors and to research their influence on the process of introducing complementary foods in the Czech Republic. Methods: The data processed/presented in this paper were obtained from 2206 mothers from the Czech Republic who participated in an anonymous online questionnaire survey conducted during January 2024. The individual factors were determined based on their proven influence on the age of introduction of complementary foods in previous studies. The relationship between the individual factors and the age of introduction of complementary foods was statistically evaluated using the Chi-squared test of independence of contingency table at a significance level of α = 0,05. Results: The data revealed that 8.6% of children in the Czech Republic were given complementary foods before the end of the 4th month and 13% after the end of the 6th month. A number of factors...
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Preparation of enantiomerically enriched triazolium salts suitable for catalysis
Čermák, Daniel ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Navrátil, Rafael (referee)
The subject of this work is the preparation of multiple chiral triazole-derived conjugate acids of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), a class of covalent organocatalysts used in many stereoselective transformations. The NHC conjugate acids in question were prepared in the form of triazolium salts by multi-step syntheses starting from readily available natural compounds. The prepared chiral triazolium salts were used as pre-catalysts in a chosen enantioselective spiroannulation reaction between a benzofuranone derivative and an α-bromoenal compound. Additionally, an alternative oxidative approach to the key azolium- dienolate intermediate was explored.
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Variability of Performance of Healthy Adults and Post-Stroke Patients in the Box and Block Test
Kotrbová, Kateřina ; Vondrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matoušová, Zita (referee)
Author: Bc. Kateřina Kotrbová Supervisor: Mgr. Kateřina Vondrová Title: Variability of Performance of Healthy Adults and Post-Stroke Patients in the Box and Block Test Abstract: Introduction: Occupational therapists commonly use the standardized Box and Block Test (BBT) to measure upper limb manual dexterity in individuals with stroke. A consensus lacks among evaluators regarding the frequency of BBT trials. The aim: To recommend the number of attempts for testing individuals with stroke using BBT in the age group of 20-64 years (inclusive). A partial objective is to propose indication and contraindication criteria for testing these individuals using BBT and to assess the impact of BBT on their subjective levels of pain, fatigue, and tension/stress using an emotional scale. Methodology: The author conducted a one-time testing using three consecutive BBT attempts. The experimental group consisted of 24 individuals with stroke. The control group comprised a healthy population of the same gender, with similar dominant limbs, and of similar age. Data were analyzed using the statistical program R, using t-tests and ANOVA tests. Results: A statistically significant difference (α = 0.05) was described in the experimental group between the results of the first attempt and the average results of three BBT...
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Comparative Study of Body Composition of Military Program Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, in 2015 and 2024.
Novotný, Lukáš ; Oláh, Vladan (advisor) ; Michalička, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Comparative Study of Body Composition of Military Program Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, in 2015 and 2024. Objective: The aim of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the body profile (body composition) of the students of the Military Department of the UK FTVS in Prague from the year 2024 and to compare it with the body profile of the students from the year 2015. Method: This work was theoretical and empirical in nature. The research population consisted of 22 students (22.0 ± 2.0 years, 182.2 ± 7.4 cm 79.0 ± 9.8 kg) of the Military Department at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University, who were measured in the summer semester 2023/2024. The obtained data were merged with the measured values from 2015 and then descriptively and statistically analyzed in the JASP program (0.18.3.). Shapiro-wilk test was performed to determine the normality of the data and analysis of variance of the measurements was also performed using independent t test at the level of statistical significance at α=0.05. Results: It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of BMI (p = 0.994), fat (p = 0.102) and muscle (p = 0.886) mass measured in military students at UK FTVS in Prague in 2024...
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Modernization of school meals at elementary schools in Prague and the surrounding area - image vs. reality
Bučková, Kristýna ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Košťálová, Alexandra (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of school meals and propose improvements to enhance the quality of catering and satisfaction among students. A secondary objective was to compare whether there are differences between primary schools in Prague and those outside Prague. The theoretical part defines school catering, its legislation and history, the consumption basket, the role of dietitians in school catering, and dietary recommendations for school-age children and adolescents. A questionnaire survey was conducted between October 20, 2023, and January 31, 2024, involving 465 primary school (PS) students, 35 teachers, and 31 school canteen staff. The results indicate that the most significant challenges in implementing dietary meals in school canteens include technical facilities (66.7%) and low staffing levels (33.3%). 71% of canteen staff perceive heavy lifting as the biggest challenge in their job, 55% cite inadequate salary, with no statistically significant difference observed between Prague and non-Prague schools. 84% of employees express dissatisfaction with their salary. The relatively high average age of staff is also a concern, with 67.7% being over 45 years old. At a significance level of α=0.01, it was confirmed that there is a correlation between students'...
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Popularity of Online Computer Gaming and Its Relation to People's Lifestyle in European Countries
Hlinka, Vladimír ; Šíma, Jan (advisor) ; Voráček, Josef (referee)
Title: Popularity of Online Computer Gaming and Its Relation to People's Lifestyle in European Countries Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to find possible associations between the popularity of online gaming, expressed as the number of players per 1 million inhabitants, and indicators of healthy or unhealthy lifestyles. If a statistically significant relationship between the variables is found, it is appropriate to further investigate the nature and strength of this association and compare the results of the thesis with other research in this area. Methods: Linear regression was used to analyze the secondary data. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Shapiro-Wilk normality test were used to test the assumptions of the regression analysis. Statistical significance of the data was tested at the significance level α = 0,05. The regression models were constructed after prior testing of the assumptions of the regression analysis using Jamovi. Results: After evaluating the assumptions of the regression analysis, a total of 4 regression models were constructed for the following variables: Smoking, Participation in Cultural and Sporting Events, Working Out and Not Drinking Alcohol. A significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables was observed in the case of...
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Interval estimation of the correlation coefficient
Rusá, Vendula ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Kalina, Jan (referee)
Correlation coefficients are a standard measure of the relationship between two ran- dom variables. In this paper, we will present various methods for constructing a (1 − α) level confidence interval for Pearson and Kendall correlation coefficients. We focus on Fisher's z-transformation method and two methods based on empirical likelihood for the Pearson correlation coefficient. For the Kendall correlation coefficient, we will present two methods based on the properties of the influence function for the Kendall correlation coefficient, one of which is also based on empirical likelihood. The added value of the methods based on empirical likelihood is their suitability even for the unknown bivariate distributions. Finally, we conduct a simulation study where we compare the discussed methods in terms of coverage probabilities and average length of confidence intervals for finite ranges. 1
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Degenerative changes of valvular bioprosthesis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and possibilities of their prevention
Sulženko, Jakub ; Toušek, Petr (advisor) ; Kovárník, Tomáš (referee) ; Kala, Petr (referee)
v anglickém jazyce: Background: Little is known about the valve degeneration process after transcutaneous aortic valve implantations (TAVI) that can have an important impact on patients' long-term prognosis. Aim: To evaluate degenerative changes of TAVI using computed tomography (CT) compared to findings in patients that underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Subsequently, to compare the level of immune and inflammatory markers in both groups and test their possible role in the valve degeneration process. Methods and results: 49 patients after TAVI and 29 patients in the control group after SAVR underwent 2 years of follow-up and 8 patients from the TAVI group and 7 patients after SAVR underwent five years of follow-up. CT was performed in all patients and calcifications on prosthesis cusps in both groups were measured using Agatson calcium score. TAVI patients were older compared to patients who underwent SAVR [82 (62;86) vs. 74 (64;84) years, p < 0.001], and had more comorbidities - higher EuroScore I [21.0 (5.0;46.0) vs. 6.15 (2.54;11.17), p < 0.001]. T A VI patients had more often concomitant coronary artery disease (69.4% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001) and previous history of cardiac surgery (32.7% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001). Slight calcifications (mean Agatson score 50.76) on prosthetic cusps...
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Comparison of the volume and intensity of physical activity of preschool children participating in organised and non-organized physical activity
Jahodová, Klára ; Chrudimský, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Comparison of the volume and intensity of physical activity of preschool children participating in organised and non-organized physical activity Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the volume and intensity of physical activity in five to six-year-old children who attend a gymnastics preparation and children who attend just leisure time activities. Methods: This is a theoretical-empirical thesis in which two one-time measurements were made on the sample of 34 girls aged five to six years, divided into two groups (MŠ and GYM) based on their participation in organised or leisure-time physical activity. Accelerometers (Actigraph GT9X) and a weekly physical activity form were used to monitoring of physical activity. Statistical methods used for data analysis and evaluation included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, two-sample T-test, Chi-square test, and descriptive statistical methods. Results: Results of the Mann-Whitney U-test and two-sample t-test performed to determine the difference in the volume of physical activity at all intensity levels in the observed groups of MŠ and GYM show that there are statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) in the cases of the total volume of physical activity per week at all intensity levels and at the light intensity level. There...
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Maximal noncompactness of operators and embeddings
Kneselová, Anna ; Pick, Luboš (advisor) ; Lang, Jan (referee)
We will focus on studying the ball measure of non-compactness α(T) for various particular instances of embedding operators in sequence spaces. Our first main goal is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for an identity operator to be maximally non-compact. Next, we will focus on studying Lorentz sequence spaces ℓp,q and their basic properties. We will characterize the inclusions between Lorentz sequence spaces depending on the values of p and q. Then we will try to determine exact values of the norms of the identity operators between these embedded spaces. Lastly, we will determine whether these identity operators are maximally non-compact by using our general theorems. 1
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