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Vladimír Holan's metaphor in the collections Vanutí and Na postupu in the light of Ricœur's "live" metaphor
Koryntová, Lucie ; Vojvodík, Josef (advisor) ; Wiendl, Jan (referee) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
The collections Vanutí (1932) and Na postupu (poems written in 1943-1948, published in 1964) are both of particular importance within the development of the poetry written by Vladimír Holan (1905-1980). The collection Vanutí, full of strongly bound, hermetic verses put together into intimate, lyrical compositions is a direct counterpoint to the collection Na postupu, written in free verse and accompanied by clearer expression of epic nature, orientated towards historical and everyday topics of the society. With respect to the relation between poetry and reality and as far as the way of creating meaning goes, the key notion is the metaphor. However, theoretical foundations of classical metaphor are unsatisfactory in this case - they cannot describe the originality of Holan's poetry sufficiently. By applying the theory of "live" metaphor, formulated by Paul Ricœur in his essays La Métaphore vive (1975) and Interpretation theory: discourse and the surplus of meaning (1976), we can achieve the most detailed description of typical metaphors in both collections. Thanks to Ricœur's pattern X is/is not Y, which expresses ambivalent predication present in live metaphor schematically, a peculiar dynamics of emerging sense (typical for each collection) is established. Metaphors that can be found in the...
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Myofascial pain syndrome in the pelvic area
Hujová, Kateřina ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
Myofascial pain syndrome (MFBS) in the pelvic region is characterized by the presence of trigger points (TrPs) in the pelvic floor (PF) muscles and pain that is localized directly in the pelvis but simultaneously radiates to surrounding structures. This pain is often difficult to distinguish from internal complaints, which are often mimiced or accompanied by the pain. This bachelor's thesis addresses the subject of pain in the pelvic region and TrPs, which are related to myofascial structures, particularly PD. In the theoretical part, it aims to bring together the existing knowledge on MFBS with a narrower focus on the pelvic region and to present a comprehensive examination procedure and treatment options. The examination of PD in MFBS should be comprehensive, including history, palpation, dynamic tests and pelvic region specific tests. Therapy is initiated with manual techniques (MT), includes therapeutic physical education (TPE) methods to integrate the pelvis into global movement patterns. Training awareness of PD and the ability to relax it play an important role as well. The psychological side of the person should not be neglected, as pelvic difficulties are related to the intimate parts, in many cases reducing the quality of life and limiting the performance of daily activities. For five...
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Court interpreting for non-native speakers in criminal proceedings (Czech Republic)
Koudelková, Zuzana ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
The aim of the present theoretical-empirical thesis is to present the topic of court interpreting for non-native speakers, focusing on criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic. At first, the study looks into the context of Czech court interpreting, taking into account interpreters' tasks in individual stages of criminal proceedings and concentrating on communication situations in which non-native speakers take part. The topic of the second chapter is interpreting for non- native speakers in general. This chapter consists of findings and conclusions of studies published by Michaela Albl-Mikasa as well as other authors who address the topic of conference interpreting through lingua franca. The third chapter looks into interpreting for non- native speakers in the area of court interpreting. It is based on an analysis of findings obtained by lingua franca research in the field of conference interpreting against the background of general court interpreting theories. The empirical part provides a description of research based on hypotheses of a survey carried out by Michaela Albl-Mikasa transferred into the context of Czech court interpreting in criminal proceedings. The aim is to find whether interpreters, judges, state prosecutors, police officers and lawyers use different strategies when...
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Puchmajer's poetry collections. The birth of contemporary Czech verse
Dobiáš, Dalibor ; Červenka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jiráček, Pavel (referee) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
The submitted work uses the example of poetry collections of A.J. Puchmajer (Sebrání básní a zpěvů /1795, 1797/ and Nové básně /1798, 1802, 1814) and other contemporary poetry, theoretic and critical works in the wider context of forming of new Czech prosody and meter system. The focus is put on treatise of verse problems in the traditions of Czech literary-scientific structuralism and development of this scientific tradition; further on the interpretation of relevant social, philological and poetological discourse of the end of 18th and beginning of 19th century with primary focus on literary works; and finally on the treatise of processes, by which the new Czech verse formed, in relation to older local literature of 18th century and current European context. In the general concept of literary science, the reform of the Czech verse, as performed by Slavist J. Dobrovský (Böhmische Prosodie, 1795), represents a milestone, perhaps even the beginning of new Czech prosody. Older "lower" syllabism (prosody directed by the constant number of syllables in a verse) and "higher" quantitative metrics (based on the alternation of long and short beats as in the ancient literature) were criticized by Dobrovský as archaic, insufficient (syllabism) or being contrary to the spirit of Czech language (quantitative metrics)....
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Court interpreting for non-native speakers in criminal proceedings (Czech Republic)
Koudelková, Zuzana ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
The aim of the present theoretical-empirical thesis is to present the topic of court interpreting for non-native speakers, focusing on criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic. At first, the study looks into the context of Czech court interpreting, taking into account interpreters' tasks in individual stages of criminal proceedings and concentrating on communication situations in which non-native speakers take part. The topic of the second chapter is interpreting for non- native speakers in general. This chapter consists of findings and conclusions of studies published by Michaela Albl-Mikasa as well as other authors who address the topic of conference interpreting through lingua franca. The third chapter looks into interpreting for non- native speakers in the area of court interpreting. It is based on an analysis of findings obtained by lingua franca research in the field of conference interpreting against the background of general court interpreting theories. The empirical part provides a description of research based on hypotheses of a survey carried out by Michaela Albl-Mikasa transferred into the context of Czech court interpreting in criminal proceedings. The aim is to find whether interpreters, judges, state prosecutors, police officers and lawyers use different strategies when...
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Visual Poetry in the Network of the International Communication. Terms, Categories, Typology
Krátká, Eva ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee) ; Pomajzlová, Alena (referee)
The doctoral thesis is concerned diachronically with the term "visual poetry". The focus is on its progress during the period after the Second World War in the context of the extensively advanced movement, as substantially defined in international expert discussion. The use of the term, which is supported by the arguments of many theoreticians and artists of the period, is studied in the thesis from the viewpoint of the inspirational sources and specific contacts between art and literature. The focus is on the specific positions and strategies of visual perception. Visual poetry is studied - considering the different contexts of the European avant-garde movements and through the analysis of contemporaneous theories which defined three main lines of thought - as an incoherent art stream manifesting itself in the eclectic use of artistic media. In conclusion, the thesis looks at the project of Czech author poetics typology which grew from purely Czech examples based on formal language of the visual poetry works. The thesis seeks to point out the original aspects of the internal discussion of visual poetry, and to place it in the international context.
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Visualization of word - verbalization of image in the Russian second avant-garde (Vsevolod Nekrasov and Erik Bulatov)
Machoninová, Alena ; Langerová, Marie (advisor) ; Svatoň, Vladimír (referee) ; Glanc, Tomáš (referee)
This project is dedicated to an analysis of the close connections between the poetry of Vsevolod Nekrasov (1934-2009) and the paintings of Erik Bulatov (1933) in the context of Russian avant-garde movements throughout the 20th century. The interrelation of literature and visual arts goes back to antiquity. At the beginning of the 20th century, the works of the first avant-garde reevaluate the traditional primacy of literature and spoken word over painting and written word and attempt to reverse this hierarchy. The tendency to liberate image from the thrall of the word, to assert the independence of the inscribed word from the spoken word, is demonstrated through the example of cubo-futurist (mostly manuscript) books. There, the written word frees itself from its acoustic form, fuses with images of a nonverbal nature, and emphasizes its visuality by means of active penetration into the space of the page, thus disrupting the rigid linearity of the reading process. The announcement of this autonomy turned out to be a crucial condition for the utopian expansion of the first avant-garde beyond individual art forms and beyond art as such. The cubo-futurist "anti-book" represents the climax of this attack on boundaries between the arts.
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The semantics of the space in Slovenian poetry in 1918-1941
Kozár, Aleš ; Jensterle Doležal, Alenka (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee) ; Černá, Milada (referee)
This study focuses on Slovene literature of the period of expressionism. This period has been frequently discussed in different ways. And even more, the inquiry into this field has been also touched with ideological pressures, especially the authors preferring catholic point of view or, even though, different avant-garde movements. Theoretical approaches were often confusing as well, because of the lack of distance to the matter of study or due to mixing the terminology. Thus, many of current studies show certain kind of misuse of differences of the interpretations of the texts. Even the most up-to-date books, that examine this period of Slovene literature, do not eliminate this problem (Franc Zadravec: Slovenska književnost II.). In this study I'm comparing both the texts and authors of its time and on the other hand historical approaches to the classification of these writers. In this way I want to prove certain stereotypes in reading and classifying them. It seems that until today new theoretical approaches do not cope with the complete change of thinking this period. Slovene literature does not even have new critical issues of some of its most representative figures (e.g. Anton Podbevšek) and that is why the rethinking of it is quite complicated.
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Puchmajer's poetry collections. The birth of contemporary Czech verse
Dobiáš, Dalibor ; Červenka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jiráček, Pavel (referee) ; Langerová, Marie (referee)
The submitted work uses the example of poetry collections of A.J. Puchmajer (Sebrání básní a zpěvů /1795, 1797/ and Nové básně /1798, 1802, 1814) and other contemporary poetry, theoretic and critical works in the wider context of forming of new Czech prosody and meter system. The focus is put on treatise of verse problems in the traditions of Czech literary-scientific structuralism and development of this scientific tradition; further on the interpretation of relevant social, philological and poetological discourse of the end of 18th and beginning of 19th century with primary focus on literary works; and finally on the treatise of processes, by which the new Czech verse formed, in relation to older local literature of 18th century and current European context. In the general concept of literary science, the reform of the Czech verse, as performed by Slavist J. Dobrovský (Böhmische Prosodie, 1795), represents a milestone, perhaps even the beginning of new Czech prosody. Older "lower" syllabism (prosody directed by the constant number of syllables in a verse) and "higher" quantitative metrics (based on the alternation of long and short beats as in the ancient literature) were criticized by Dobrovský as archaic, insufficient (syllabism) or being contrary to the spirit of Czech language (quantitative metrics)....
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