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Parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons in Alzheimer's disease
Beranová, Kristýna ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Málková, Petra (referee)
It is becoming increasingly clear that disruption of different types of cortical interneurons is crucially involved in various brain pathologies, even though interneurons constitute only a relatively small fraction (15-20 %) of all cortical neurons. The aim of this thesis is to describe, using a literature review, the role of parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons in the development of Alzheimer's disease, both in human patients and in experimental animal models. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, animal models, interneurons
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Functionalization of cerium oxide nanoparticles by simple biomolecules
Dupkalová, Daniela ; Tsud, Nataliya (advisor) ; Beranová, Klára (referee)
Nanoparticles show a great promise in medical applications such as diagnostics and treatment of various diseases. As the biological environment of the living organism is very complex, an extensive research is needed to put the novel alternatives into practise safely. One of the interesting materials for bioapplications is cerium oxide with its unique antioxidant properties. In this work we characterised three systems of bare, histidine-covered and glycine- covered cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ce NPs) in a form of colloid solutions. Colloid stability and reactivity of NPs solutions in various pH were studied using DLS. AFM imaging was utilized to determine the size distribution of NPs clusters and its dependence on the preparation procedure. Synchrotron radiation-based techniques (SRPES, RPES and NEXAFS) as well as laboratory XPS were implemented to investigate electronic structure of the NPs systems with the focus on characterisation of histidine and glycine bonding to Ce NPs surface.
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Influence of education on (un)successful life path of Roma
Beranová, Kamila ; Beňák, David (advisor) ; Burešová, Karolína (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of the environment and some of its aspects and levels of education on future employment and related life within the Romany ethnic group. It is divided into a theoretical part, where I introduced the history of Romany culture, the issue of the Romany people and outlined the image of their integration into society. As a key topic, I chose the influence of socio-economic status on the level of education of Romany children. I attempted to define the role of the state in the issue of social status of this ethnic group and bring the position of the Romany question in society and the labour market nearer, which is related to my outline of the view of Romany people themselves on the phenomenon of education and its application in the work process. At the end of the theoretical part I introduced a well-known personality who devoted all his time to the education of the Romany in terms of pedagogy, upbringing and education. In the practical part I presented the research in the form of interviews with Romany citizens on how education affected their lives and the extent to which family upbringing, social environment and Romany origin played a role. Klíčová slova: integration, inclusion, level, success, motivation, need, social capital, education, Roma education,...
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The use of laser microdissection for the genotyping of biological material isolated during an abortion.
Beranová, Karina ; Krátký, Martin (advisor) ; Kopečný, Michal (referee)
The use of laser microdissection for the genotyping of biological material isolated during an abortion Abstract In forensic genetics laser microdissection is used mainly as a method of cell separation from samples of mixed biological traits of sexually motivated crimes. It can also be used in paternity testing via genotyping of biological material isolated during an abortion. The foetal part of placenta is separated from the acquired samples and a pure DNA profile of the foetus is determited. This DNA can be compared to the suspect's DNA. The goal of this project is the application of laser microdissection to separate chorionic villi from a placenta and the subsequent genetic analysis leading to the determination of a pure foetal DNA profile. A secondary goal was the preparation and optimization of the method necessary for its introduction to forensic practice. In the first phase the optimization of the sample preparation was conducted on test sections of muscular tissue and epithelial cells from a buccal swap. Experimental material acquired during abortions of voluntary donors was used in the second phase. This technique was simultaneously tested on material directly linked to criminal acts. The separation of 10 chorionic villi cells with the method of laser microdissection eventually resulted in the...
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Activity of lower oesophageal sphincter in healthy patients in various postural positions
Beranová, Kateřina ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Hlava, Štěpán (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe information about GERD, its etiology, anatomy, pathology, treatment options and rehabilitation in patients with GERD. Lower oesophageal sphincter and antireflux barrier. The study was approved by the ethics committee. 30 probands were included in the study and their health status was verified using the Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire. A manometric catheter was inserted, proband was instructed to maintain various postural positions. Lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface with head fixated manualy, sitting and standing position, load in the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, load outside the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, lifting of the office chair. It has been shown that LES pressure increases in all postural positions compared to resting pressure. The positions activate the diaphragm to demonstrate the postural function of the diaphragm. The most significant change in LES pressures was in the postural position of lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, the LES resting pressure of 20.34mmHg changed to the pressure of LES 40.92mmHg. Clinical experience and studies have shown that patients with GERD have disposition for respiratory and / or vertebrogenic difficulties....
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Abuse of new synthetic drugs among troubled users - distribution of NSD on open drug scene in the Czech Republic and their identification.
Beranová, Kateřina ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
New synthetic drugs are a new phenomenon that is expanding in many countries. NSD mimic the effects of traditional drugs phenomenological, but retain the hallmark of legal substances. NSD legal status is due to the fact that theses new substances are controlled by the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 or the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. To the Czech Republic this trend came somewhat later than in neighboring countries, and especially in 2010, when sales NSD was mainly in shops. This sale was completed in April 2011 becouse of entering 33th NSD to the list of psychotropic and narcotic substances and moved mostly to the internet. NSD composition is often changing, due to disabling preparatory material, it follows that the risks associated with the use of NSD are unpredictable. The research objective of this study is to determine the acquisition and distribution of NSD between problem drug users and also to map the most widely used NSD among this population.The main purpose of the research is to bring knowledge (as it's called, how it look, what it contains, where and from whom it receives, how much it costs). The survey was made up of semi-structures interviews (qualitative part) and structured questionnaires (quantitative part). Respondents were selected...
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The Interpretation of Funeral in Hinduism
Beranová, Klára ; Štipl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with ways, which it is possible to interpret Hindu funeral rite by Jonathan Parry. Primarily there will be introduce Parry′s interpretations of Hindu funeral like a last sacrifice of deceased and renewal of life in connection with the Hindu cosmology (homology of body and cosmos). Consequently will be these interpretations confirm or disconfirm by Garudapurana, one of the most Hindu sacred text concerned with funeral rite and death. Parry′s interpretations relate to funeral in Varanasi which is very specific place of Hindu death. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Activity of lower oesophageal sphincter in healthy patients in various postural positions
Beranová, Kateřina ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Hlava, Štěpán (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe information about GERD, its etiology, anatomy, pathology, treatment options and rehabilitation in patients with GERD. Lower oesophageal sphincter and antireflux barrier. The study was approved by the ethics committee. 30 probands were included in the study and their health status was verified using the Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire. A manometric catheter was inserted, proband was instructed to maintain various postural positions. Lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface with head fixated manualy, sitting and standing position, load in the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, load outside the center of gravity 3/6/9 kg, lifting of the office chair. It has been shown that LES pressure increases in all postural positions compared to resting pressure. The positions activate the diaphragm to demonstrate the postural function of the diaphragm. The most significant change in LES pressures was in the postural position of lying supine with lower limbs elevated above the surface, the LES resting pressure of 20.34mmHg changed to the pressure of LES 40.92mmHg. Clinical experience and studies have shown that patients with GERD have disposition for respiratory and / or vertebrogenic difficulties....
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