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Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on the adaptive immune system.
Šinkora, Šimon ; Štěpánová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Toman, Miroslav (referee)
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes large economic losses in pork production because of its ability to persist and spread in herds despite vaccination. An essential feature of the infection is a strong but ineffective antibody response with limited immunological memory. The ability of the virus to dysregulate the host immune system is explained by various mechanisms, including antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, polyclonal activation of B cells by the superantigen effect, the presence of immunodominant epitopes, inhibition of nonspecific immunity, or a different role of cytotoxic T cells. Recent evidence suggests that PRRSV affects the nascent T cell repertoire in the thymus and induces tolerance to viral epitopes that are crucial for virus neutralization. Specific T helper cells are absent and cannot initiate an adequate B cell response to produce high-affinity virus-neutralizing antibodies. However, the remaining T helper cells are not affected and help to produce anti-PRRSV antibodies, which are ineffective and cannot eliminate the virus. The cytotoxic T cells needed for the elimination of infected cells are also affected. This bachelor thesis describes the various features of PRRSV infection and compares the known information on the immune response...
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Exotic art in the Czech Republic
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Thesis deals with the history and influence of exotic artifacts to the cultural sphere in the central European state- Czech Republic. Defines and classifies the categories of exotic art and describes their impact on our area of collecting, art and science. Particular attention is devoted to the Czech interest in the exotic art in the sphere of collectors and art.
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An Exotic Artefact. Study of the position of an object from Fourth World in the Czech Culture
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Jiroušková, Jana (referee) ; Vojtěchovský, Miroslav (referee)
PhDr. Kateřina Štěpánová, MA Abstrakt disertační práce, 2013 An Exotic Artefact Study of the position of an object from Fourth World in the Czech culture Abstract This thesis deals with the anthropological and museological approach to the presentation of exotic artefacts in the Western culture. It responds to the absence of theoretical studies and papers on the possibilities of perception and presentation of these objects in the Czech Republic. In principle, it is mainly inspired by foreign literature and author's own experience with Western expositions. Thesis contains a theoretical and an empirical part. The subject of the first part is the analysis of key approaches to the non-European ethnographic objects, their potential and different possibilities of their public presentation. Main attention is focused on key topics of anthropology of art frequently discussed by the international scientific community. Methodologically, this part presents the analysis, and the interpretation of primary and secondary literature. In the empirical part there are shown results of own effort to analyze the problem. The included application part describes realization of the particular program created on basis of museum-pedagogy. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of perception, and to the presentation...
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Self-reflection of Students in the Teaching of Mathematics
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Zhouf, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
V teoretické části předkládané diplomové práce shrnuji dosavadní poznatky o profesi učitele, uvádím současné trendy v přípravném vzdělávání učitelů (PVU). Soustředím se především na tzv. reflektivní model PVU a možnosti rozvoje (sebe)reflektivní kompetence studentů učitelství. (Cílem takového PVU je absolvent - reflektivní praktik.) Analyzuji pojem reflexe a nahlížím na jeho úlohu v práci učitele. Klíčovým obdobím pro rozvoj sebereflexe studentů je podle odborníků (Švec, 2005, Nezvalová, 2000) období získávání pedagogických zkušeností (laboratorních i terénních). Nemalou úlohu v tomto procesu rozvoje sebereflexe mají vzdělavatelé učitelů na pedagogické fakultě, ale také učitelé, kteří vedou studenty během jejich souvislé pedagogické praxe (fakultní, resp. cviční učitelé). V empirické části práce se zabývám (sebe)reflektivní kompetencí budoucích učitelů matematiky z Pedagogické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, zaměřuji se také na charakteristické nedostatky a přednosti pedagogické činnosti těchto studentů během souvislých praxí. Dále analyzuji pedagogické praxe z matematiky na PedF UK, zvláště jejich organizaci. Vycházím z písemných reflexí a sebereflexí studentů učitelství matematiky a z provedených dotazníkových šetření mezi studenty a jejich fakultními učiteli. V oddílu "R" empirické části této práce...
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The development of swine B cells and the role of gama delta T lymphocytes in immunization of naive immune system.
Štěpánová, Kateřina
Thesis summary The process of B cell lymphogenesis in swine remains uncertain. Some reports indicate that pigs belong to a group of animal that use ileal Peyers's patches (IPP) for the generation of B cells while others point to the possibility that the bone marrow is functional throughout life. The functional subpopulations of B cells in swine are also unknown. Together with other ruminants, and also birds, γδ T cells in swine may account for >70% of all T cells which is in apparent contrast with humans and mice. The purpose of this thesis was to address these discrepancies and unresolved issues. The results disprove the existing paradigm that the IPP is primary lymphoid tissue and that B cells develop in IPP in an antigen-independent manner. On the other hand, it shows that bone marrow is fully capable of B cell lymphogenesis and remains active at least for the same period of time as it had been speculated for the IPP. This thesis also identified functionally different subsets of porcine peripheral B cells, and shows that CD21 molecules can be expressed in differential forms. Finally, this thesis identifies two lineages of γδ T cells that differ in many functional and phenotype features. This finding may explain why γδ T cells constitute of minority of lymphocytes in circulation of humans and mice.
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The use of teaching methods in patient education
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
In this bachelor's thesis "Application of didactic methods in patient education", we deal with the didactic methods used in patient education and their application by nurses. The paper consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes the didactics, education in nursing as well as selected didactic methods and their application. Also included are the didactic and educational principles which must be followed during the application of the chosen methods. The empirical part describes a questionnaire survey which was carried out at in- house and surgical inpatient wards. The group of respondents consisted of nurses and medical assistants from the University Hospital in Motol and the Regional Hospital in Příbram. A total of 94 responses were processed. In the opening part of the questionnaire we asked about general information like age, gender, educational attainment, years of work experience, field of work and type of hospital. The second part focuses on the application of didactic methods by nurses and their opinion on the difficulty of its application. Our goal was the primary collection of data and their subsequent analysis. After processing and comparing the data with other surveys, we didn't discover any major differences in the selected answers. The results...
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The development of swine B cells and the role of gama delta T lymphocytes in immunization of naive immune system.
Štěpánová, Kateřina
Thesis summary The process of B cell lymphogenesis in swine remains uncertain. Some reports indicate that pigs belong to a group of animal that use ileal Peyers's patches (IPP) for the generation of B cells while others point to the possibility that the bone marrow is functional throughout life. The functional subpopulations of B cells in swine are also unknown. Together with other ruminants, and also birds, γδ T cells in swine may account for >70% of all T cells which is in apparent contrast with humans and mice. The purpose of this thesis was to address these discrepancies and unresolved issues. The results disprove the existing paradigm that the IPP is primary lymphoid tissue and that B cells develop in IPP in an antigen-independent manner. On the other hand, it shows that bone marrow is fully capable of B cell lymphogenesis and remains active at least for the same period of time as it had been speculated for the IPP. This thesis also identified functionally different subsets of porcine peripheral B cells, and shows that CD21 molecules can be expressed in differential forms. Finally, this thesis identifies two lineages of γδ T cells that differ in many functional and phenotype features. This finding may explain why γδ T cells constitute of minority of lymphocytes in circulation of humans and mice.
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The development of swine B cells and the role of gama delta T lymphocytes in immunization of naive immune system.
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Šinkora, Marek (advisor) ; Macela, Aleš (referee) ; Faldyna, Martin (referee)
Thesis summary The process of B cell lymphogenesis in swine remains uncertain. Some reports indicate that pigs belong to a group of animal that use ileal Peyers's patches (IPP) for the generation of B cells while others point to the possibility that the bone marrow is functional throughout life. The functional subpopulations of B cells in swine are also unknown. Together with other ruminants, and also birds, γδ T cells in swine may account for >70% of all T cells which is in apparent contrast with humans and mice. The purpose of this thesis was to address these discrepancies and unresolved issues. The results disprove the existing paradigm that the IPP is primary lymphoid tissue and that B cells develop in IPP in an antigen-independent manner. On the other hand, it shows that bone marrow is fully capable of B cell lymphogenesis and remains active at least for the same period of time as it had been speculated for the IPP. This thesis also identified functionally different subsets of porcine peripheral B cells, and shows that CD21 molecules can be expressed in differential forms. Finally, this thesis identifies two lineages of γδ T cells that differ in many functional and phenotype features. This finding may explain why γδ T cells constitute of minority of lymphocytes in circulation of humans and mice.
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An Exotic Artefact. Study of the position of an object from Fourth World in the Czech Culture
Štěpánová, Kateřina ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Jiroušková, Jana (referee) ; Vojtěchovský, Miroslav (referee)
PhDr. Kateřina Štěpánová, MA Abstrakt disertační práce, 2013 An Exotic Artefact Study of the position of an object from Fourth World in the Czech culture Abstract This thesis deals with the anthropological and museological approach to the presentation of exotic artefacts in the Western culture. It responds to the absence of theoretical studies and papers on the possibilities of perception and presentation of these objects in the Czech Republic. In principle, it is mainly inspired by foreign literature and author's own experience with Western expositions. Thesis contains a theoretical and an empirical part. The subject of the first part is the analysis of key approaches to the non-European ethnographic objects, their potential and different possibilities of their public presentation. Main attention is focused on key topics of anthropology of art frequently discussed by the international scientific community. Methodologically, this part presents the analysis, and the interpretation of primary and secondary literature. In the empirical part there are shown results of own effort to analyze the problem. The included application part describes realization of the particular program created on basis of museum-pedagogy. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of perception, and to the presentation...
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