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On Terrible Beauty: Depression as an impairment of Aesthetic Perception.
Josephy, Michal ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pěničková, Daniela (referee)
This case study is focused on general - anthropological description of experience and behavior of a case of a man living in the phases ranging from medium to major depression with a regard for the considered etiological model of depression as "an impairment of aesthetic perception". Research showed that these disorders are not limited only to hedonic aesthetics of pleasure/displeasure arising from anhedonia as one of the main symptoms of depression. It indicates that it is possible to identify them for instance in language, visual perception, bodily experiences, as well as in the development and structure of the ego. The key importance of an unimpaired ability to perceive beauty and its role in life was successfully recorded within a deviant case On Terrible Beauty.
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The Contribution of Oskar Heiroth to the Formation of Classical German Ethology
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee) ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor)
Oskar Heinroth was a German zoologist and is frequently considered as the founder of ethology. Thanks to his lifetime observing of animals, especially birds, made he the conclusion that movement, display of behavior and other signs which haven't been taken into account until his days are equally important for the right animal classification as morphology. He is a discoverer of species typical instinctive behavior and he observed as the first one several other ethological phenomenons as imprinting, drop-off of the treshold value of the signal or idle-running reactions. He iniciated a more pragmatic sight into animal psychics and laid foundations of ethological methodics. Thanks to his publication a darwinistic attitude got access into psychological sciences. Regarding his evidence Konrad Lorenz, Erich von Holst and Nicholas Tinbergen constituted ethology as integrated science, which has later been confirmed on the premisies of universities.
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The Practice of Sky Burials in Tibet
Brzoňová, Monika ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Berounský, Daniel (referee)
Sky burial is a common funeral practice in Tibet. A human corpse is cut into small pieces and placed on a mountaintop (called durtro), exposing it to the elements and animals - especially to birds of prey. In Tibetan the practice is known as jhator (Tibetan bya gtor), which literally means "giving alms to the gods". As the name implies, jhator is considered an act of generosity: the deceased and his/her surviving relatives are providing food to sustain living beings. Because the majority of Tibetans adhere to Buddhism, which teaches reincarnation, generosity and compassion for all beings are important virtues or paramita in Buddhism. So the function of the sky burial is simply the disposal of the remains. In much of Tibet the ground is too hard and rocky to dig a grave, and with fuel and timber scarce, a sky burial is often more practical than cremation. This graduation theses enlarge about this ritual in all his connotation, i.e. historical, religious, culturology and philosophical meanings. It also enlighten about Tibetan approach to the death and funeral services in Tibet. The primal problem is the phenomena of sky burial and it's course, sense and other overlaps (like astrology, medicine, ethics, enviromentalism, iconography and so on).
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Genetic basis of phenotypic variability in domesticated animals
Majerová, Veronika ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Reifová, Radka (advisor)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological variability among different species of animals represents an important goal in evolutionary biology. Origin and changes of the phenotypic variability during the evolution is possible to study in domesticated animals. The domesticated species of animals represent a brilliant model for studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for origin of new phenotypes due to enormous morphological variability of different domesticated breeds, effortless breeding in captivity and frequent knowledge of the genomic sequence. The aim of this bachelor work is to summarize actual findings about concrete mutations which are responsible for the origination of the new morphological characters in the domesticated animals. These findings can help us to clarify how the evolution functions on the molecular level.
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War as a Biosocial Theme in the Works of Edvard Beneš and Bohumil Němec
Tomsová, Julie ; Stella, Marco (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem Válka jako biosociální téma v některých dílech Edvarda Beneše a Bohumila Němce a sleduje v období První republiky politické biologismy v politických otázkách s obzvláštním důrazem na dílo dvou významných osobností československé veřejné i odborné sféry, Edvarda Beneše a Bohumila Němce. Od počátku 19. století se v návaznosti na Darwinovu evoluční teorii a její společenské aplikace (eugenika, rasová hygiena, "sociální biologie") začíná rozvíjet i tzv. biologie války neboli aplikace biologických principů na pojetí lidské války, k níž se oba zmínění autoři ve svých pracích vyjadřovali. Tato bakalářská práce představuje rozbor dvou jejich děl, vztahujících se k danému tématu, a pokus o jejich zasazení do širšího kontextu, jak z hlediska kulturně historického, tak z hlediska interní logiky darwinistických a jiných biosociálních teorií. Edvard Beneš a Bohumil Němec, dvě významné osoby československé odborné i veřejné sféry, politicky, intelektuálně a vědecky významní představitelé První republiky. Ve svých vědeckých, filozofických a politických názorech se hluboce rozcházeli a v roce 1935 proti sobě dokonce stáli jako protikandidáti v prezidentských volbách. Odlišná perspektiva i vědecké zaměření se odrazily i na jejich odlišném pojetí války. Z Beneše promlouvá sociolog a...
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