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Myth in Jan Patočka ́s Thinking
Veselý, Jindřich ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of this dissertation, Myth in Jan Patočka ́s thinking, is to explore the issue of the myth in Jan Patočka ́s philosophy. This thinker dealt with myth during all his life, although not systematically, and he discussed it in various contexts and perspectives. The dissertation wants to introduce development of Patočka ́s thinking from this particular point of view in its continuity and discontinuity as well, it tries to reconstruct this meditation and also inquires its function in whole Patočka ́s thinking and its coherence. We presuppose unifying centre of Patočka ́s philosophy, finite being ́s movement of transcendence, and we interpret the issue of the myth in its relation to this centre. We endeavour to depict Patočka ́s unfoldment of this issue, but we also inquire questionable aspects of his thinking. In our opinion there is certain fluctuation or ambiguity in basic foundations of Patočka ́s philosophy. His conception is weakened by questionable presuppositions. That leads to statements difficult to keep. Our conclusion outlines an alternative conception of relation between myth and finite being ́s transcendence and instead of impossible overcoming of myth we propose conscious adoption and responsible modification of indispensable narrative background of all experience. Powered by TCPDF...
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The Function of Speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty
Puc, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee) ; Janoušek, Hynek (referee)
The Function of Speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the development of the intentional function of speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. The intentional function is defined as the change of expressed meaning that is engendered by the expression itself. We trace Husserl's position from the Logical Investigations and the first book of his Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy, where he describes speech as the non- productive mirroring of other kinds of intentionality, to the late text The Origin of Geometry, where he discerns two functions of speech: it provides thought its ideality, which is different from the ideality of species; and it provides thought its objectivity, i.e. the form of object that lasts in history as identical. In The Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty adopts Husserl's late position with several profound modifications. The starting-point ceases to be the linguistic sign, and speech becomes a kind of gesture. As a consequence, the difference between linguistic and non-linguistic ideality disappears. Furthermore, Merleau-Ponty holds that the expression accomplishes the meaning of what it expresses. In this way, speech becomes creative and ceases to be just an empty intention of...
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Origins of intentionality and Husserl's late thinking
Zelenka, Jiří ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
This work aims to pursue the roots and sources of intentionality. Intentional structure of consciousness is the very core of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and plays the main role since his Logical investigations. The problem of intentionality is complicated and complex and resonates through the Husserl lifelong work Our starting point is Husserl's late work Erfahrung und Urteil. The reason why we choose this work is twofold. First, this work shows the thoughts which result from the life long investigation of problematics. And the second reason is, this work hasn't been the subject of examination as much as Husserl's earlier works so far. The key to our work is the perspective in which every phenomenon shows. That's the reason, why we follow intentionality in three perspectives, which gradually uncovers itselves. The first perspective is the descent from acts of judgment to the original layers of intentionality. This brings us to the second perspective, which is the instinctive intentionality. This is the subject of following part of our work. The exposing of instinctive intentionality underlines the role of embodiment. The importance of embodiment in regard to intentionality is the final perspective. We investigate this with help of Maurice Merleau-Ponty Phenomenology of perception. This will...
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Appearing and Salvation. Subjectivity in The Material Phenomenology of Michel Henry
Černý, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee) ; Karul, Róbert (referee)
The doctoral thesis examines the possibilities of phenomenological philosophy to engage in the question of salvation in a Christian sense with reference to Michel Henry's material phenomenology. Henry's last three books signified a turn towards Christianity within his work and related the tension of two basic modes of appearing, assumed by his phenomenology, to the question of the life and death of a human. Material phenomenology strongly exposed the subjective pole of appearing and made subjectivity the stage for the story of human salvation. The thesis examines both the general concept of subjectivity in material phenomenology and the particular concept of a divine and human subject in the last three books of Michel Henry. The thesis follows the way Michel Henry creates the phenomenology of the inner- divine life; it examines the movement of a human subject from the inside of the divine life to the transcendence of the world, and then its return through the "second birth" to the divine life being displayed within itself; it enquires in what sense the divine and human subject are incarnated subjects; it demonstrates how the human subject is becoming a subject understanding the word of a divine life which speaks both within itself and in the Scripture. The thesis pays attention to the relation of a...
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On the emergence of Europe as a question
Arens, Nicolas ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Frogneux, Nathalie (referee)
In this thesis we attempt to reveal Patočka's conception of the idea of Europe and his vision of the Post-European world. According to Patočka, Europe is based on the idea of the "empty freedom", which had sustained it through all the historical changes, and which was killed by the dominance of the scientific thought. We will proceed through the research of the origin of the idea of Europe in the thought of the ancient Greeks and of their two ways of conceiving the soul and the world (Socrates' and Plato's on the one hand and Democritus' on the other), then through the characterisation and critique of the scientific approach and finally we will examine the "Post-European" world, and outline the future of Europe in it.
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A phenomenological view of colour
Zhu, Pingbo ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
Masterthesis Eine phänomenologische Betrachtung der Farbe A phenomenological view of colour Pingbo Zhu Every colour theory begs a space theory. A main aim of the space theory is to catch the core of knowledge: through knowing something we can know the world outside of us. This thesis is to illustrate a different way of defining colour by introducing a phenomenological way of talking about space. This question will thus be answered: why is colour a quality of an object and at the same time a content of sensation of subject? Thus a solution probably is that colour is a phenomenological bridge of objects and subjects. Some philosophers, who hold a standpoint of physicalism may argue that all mental states and activities can be reduced thoroughly to physical states and activities. Another claim would be that all sensations are the results of the activities of brain nerves. But in the following paragraphs I will analyse why a colour theory with the standpoint of physicalism cannot explain away colour. A phenomenological view of colour will therefore emphasize the necessity of the independence of mental activities, in other words, sensations and perceptions, which give rise to a better explanation of colour.
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Me impersonal by young Fichte (1794-1800) - in the light of fenomenology contemporary
Tai, Yuen Hung ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
Le Moi impersonnel chez le jeune Fichte (1794-1800) - à la lumière de la phénoménologie contemporaine Yuen-Hung TAI (2009-2011 Erasmus Mundus Master) Our studies aim at interpreting the notion of I in early Fichte (1794-1800) in the light of contemporary phenomenology. It is essential to understand the Fichte's I not as a overhanging and substantial subject, but rather as the place of encounter between I and Not-I, subjects and objects. We attempt to answer the following four problems starting from Fichte's conception of I. (1) What is the practice of philosophy? (2) What does it mean by I? (3) How could I know myself? (4) Where I move myself as being alive?
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Unreality and Consciousness of Image: the Emergence of a New Phenomenological Method in Eugen Fink's Dissertation
Coli, Anna Luiza ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
This master thesis has as main objective the exposure of the phenomenological method Eugen Fink introduces in his dissertation "Vergegenwartigung und Bild" from 1929, which will form the basis of the writings through which the young Fink was first known in the years of assistance to Husserl, namely, the VI. Cartesianische Meditation and the renowned article in the Kantstudien, "Die phanomenologische Philosophie Edmund Husserls in der gegenwartigen Kritik". A careful analysis shows that these works have had an important role in further development of phenomenology - what is particularly observed in the case of French phenomenology - but even a notable influence on Husserl's later work, as we can see in the texts comprised by the later text known as The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Both texts, however, are constituted on the basis Fink had already exposed in that dissertation, with which he received his doctor degree under the direction of Husserl and presupposes it insofar as this text presents for the first time the method of phenomenological inquiry undertaken by Fink and at the same time, the essential point of his divergence from Husserl's method for the phenomenology. The core of this new method lies in the revision of the phenomenological reduction's concept,...
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A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt
Molina García, Erika Natalia ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee)
Abstract. A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt. We propose the construction of a particular narration of atomism since its beginning with Democritus (460 BC.-370 BC.) until this day. Not intending to be thoroughgoing with such a wide history but aiming nevertheless to be rigorous, we open a path through the long life of this cosmological drive running in every field of science and philosophy by using a method that we call "symbolic phenomenology", in reference to our principles and themes, our limits and possibilities, to the gestures of our analyzes. The four Elements, the numbers, the u-topia, the earth and the expeausition (Skin-Show, Nancy, 2000) are consequently developed as symbols to gradually fill the notion of an atom whose meaning in the usual language has been deprived of its past and of the discontinuity that we identify as its source. By this intuitions we go forward and we discover what it could mean to have an atomistic approach to the world and which the last sprouts of this approach are: Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Luc Nancy. Both philosophers being in a constellation that indicates us a direction, a new philosophical possibility: The phenomenology of touch. Key words: atomism, symbolic phenomenology, fractality, phenomenology of touch, expeausition.
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Subjective body and life. An Essay on the way of thinking of Michel Henry
Jiskra, Martin ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
v anglickém jazyce: The fundamental theme of this diploma paper is the phenomenology of the body which is related to the investigation of the act of the appearing itself in the works of the French philosopher Michel Henry. The phenomenological approach of this thinker is going to be defined primarily by the confrontation with intentional phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, which in the matter of the appearance keeps itself within the bounds of the relation to the world. This classical version of the phenomenology will be compared with Henrys phenomenology of the life. The life which is understood in such a manner is invisible or unapparent because it is radically immanent and never appears in the exteriority of the world. Anyhow, the redefinition of the classical conception of the appearance should make possible access to the most important and the most interesting thing for us that is to say to subjective or transcendental body, which appears and experiences itself directly in its affective self- experience of the invisible interiority. Therefore, the subjective body is going to be described upon these grounds together with Henry as immanent being that is at the same time appearance. Thus we are going to present philosophy of Michel Henry, which is called radical phenomenology of interiority that is...
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