|
|
Neuropsychological diagnosis and psychoeducation of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Hrešková, Lucia ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee) ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (referee)
Neuropsychological assessment and psychoeducation of patients diagnosed with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) Mgr. Lucia Hrešková Tutor: Assoc. Prof. Lenka Krámská, Ph.D. Abstract: The term psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) refers to a conversion disorder (300.11) imitating epileptic seizures that are psychological etiology (DSM-5). Neuropsychological assessment including personality profile and mood status is an integral part of the diagnosis and treatment of PNES. The main treatment is psychotherapy. In the theoretical part of this research project, we have processed psychoeducation guide for clinical psychologists and psychotherapists working with patients diagnosed with PNES, based on recommended standards (Myers, 2014; LaFrance & Wincze, 2015; Reiter et al., 2015) and long-term clinical experiences with these patients (in particular Assoc. Prof. Lenka Kramska, Ph.D.). The purpose of our research project was to assess the presence of maladaptive emotional regulation in the profile of patients diagnosed with PNES (N = 51) compared to healthy populations (N = 51), through self-report questionnaires Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results of our research show a significantly higher level of maladaptive emotional regulation in the...
|
|
|
Czech version of the Personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Theoretical background, psychometric properties and implications for clinical practice.
Riegel, Karel Dobroslav ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Vevera, Jan (referee) ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (referee)
2 ABSTRACT In the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), the diagnosis of specific personality disorders is obtained through an evaluation of the level of impairment in personality functioning and an assessment of dimensional personality traits associated in 25 "lower order" facets and 5 "higher order" domains. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed for examination of personality traits within this system. This Ph.D. thesis covers five relevant publications regarding AMPD, particularly PID-5. First, the authors introduce the theoretical background of the PID-5. Attention is paid on its ease of use, data interpretation and use of these data for treatment planning in different clinical settings. Two empirical studies test PID-5 psychometric properties (internal consistency, validity, discrimination capacity and unidimensional structure) in the sample of community volunteers (n=351) and a clinical sample of psychiatric patients (n=143). PID-5 was administered individually and in a group setting using pen-paper method and online data collection. 33 respondents completed the inventory twice to check test-retest reliability. Authors presumed, evidence will be found to support internal consistency and convergent validity of the PID-5 personality trait domains, as well as their...
|
|
|
Circadian system early development and it's misalignment in humans and in animal models
Mikulášková, Marta ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (referee)
The inner circadian timekeeping system rules all physiological proccesses that repeat in our body regularly every day. This system works at many different levels, from the molecular level to the level of complex behavior. Although the central clock is located in the hypothalamic brain area, the molecular mechanism responsible for the rhytmicity per se is present in almost every cell in the body. In humans, the misalignment of inner clock due to irregular daily schedule might lead to development of severe disorders including sleep problems, obesity, breast cancer and neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, intensive research of the circadian system is necessary for our understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in the connection between misaligned inner clock and these diseases. During my PhD studies, we ascertained that during prenatal development in rats, fetal central circadian clock is sensitive to periodic maternal feeding. This occurs specially under conditions when the maternal circadian system is disturbed and entraining signals from the maternal central clock are lacking. Moreover, we studied the functional state of the circadian system in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. In 10-12 year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we found a shortened...
|
|
|
Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders
Vimmerová-Lattová, Zuzana ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Praško, Ján (referee) ; Šonka, Karel (referee)
Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders MUDr. Zuzana Vimmerová Lattová Abstract: Recent epidemiological and experimental data suggest a negative influence of shortened or disturbed night sleep on glucose tolerance. However, no comparative studies of glucose metabolism have been conducted in clinical sleep disorders. Dysfunction of the HPA axis may play a causative role in some sleep disorders and in other sleep disorders it may be secondary to the sleep disorder. Moreover, dysfunction of the HPA axis is regarded as a possible causative factor for the impaired glucose sensitivity associated with disturbed sleep. However, data on HPA system activity in sleep disorders are sparse and conflicting. We studied 25 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, 18 restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, 21 patients with primary insomnia and compared them to 33 healthy controls. We performed oral glucose tolerance test and assessed additional parameters of glucose metabolism. The dynamic response of the HPA system was assessed by the DEX-CRH-test which combines suppression (dexamethasone) and stimulation (CRH) of the stress hormone system. Compared to controls, increased rates of impaired glucose tolerance were found in OSA (OR: 4.9) and RLS (OR: 4.7), but not in primary insomnia. In addition, HbA1c...
|
|
|
The process of supervision in training in cognitive behavioral therapy and expectations of supervisors and those supervisees from supervisit
Vyskočilová, Jana ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (advisor) ; Kožnar, Jan (referee)
Bc. Jana Vyskočilová, FHS Řízení a supervize, Abstrakt k diplomové práci. ABSTRACT The first part of the study deals with theoretical issues of supervision, especially supervision in cognitive behavioral therapy. The practical part is focused to mapping the expectations of supervision of trainees of CBT training in various phases of their training (after 1 year of training and after the fourth year of training, prior to training) and expectations of supervision of trainees training in CBT supervision. ABSS (Attitudes and Beliefs about Supervision Scale) was used as an evaluation instrument to assessed the expectations and beliefs of supervision. The expectations of probands with different experience in supervision were compared to find out where are consensual and where differ. The results show that trainees in supervision (Supervisors) emphasize particularly the importance of self-reflection and structures, Intermediate and advanced training students differ in their attitudes and expectations of supervision minimally (increased emphasis on counter-transference in intermediate students). Probands who are just going into training and have no previous experiences with supervision generally have higher expectations of supervision than trainees, who are already undergoing training. The finding that...
|
|
|
Disease is neutral - Life with "depression"
Vojtková, Lucie ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (referee)
This thesis is inspired by the theory of social construction of mental illness. The work is a case study that uses the metaphor of the story and narrative analysis of interviews examining the individual human experience with mental illness. My goal was to find out what makes us understand the disease and how this understanding can be used in a daily struggle with the disease. In the theoretical part, I drew from documented knowledge about mental illness, particularly for depressive disorder and schizophrenia simplex. Then I presented the narrative approach as a legitimate way of exploring understanding of lived experience. The practical part is implemented as a case study and through narrative analysis provides interesting insight into the way of understanding and coping with mental illness a person who has the expertise and also suffer from mental illness. Key words: mental illness, social construction, narrative, narrative approach, the dominant medical discourse, depression, schizophrenia simplex, stigma, coping strategies.
|
|
|
Dissociation: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology and Relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Raszka, Michal ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Libiger, Jan (referee)
The aim of this study was to investigate dissociative symptoms in OCD from many angles. This is the context in terms of psychopathology, prediction of therapeutic effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), neuropsychology (with emphasis on inhibitory processes), the structure of personality, and neurobiology. The work offers a model of neurobiological correlates of blending dissociation and OCD, which has been experimentally validated parts.
|
|
| |
|
|
Dissociation in adolescence. Validation of the Czech version of the A-DES in the clinical and non-clinical group of adolescents
Soukup, Jan ; Papežová, Hana (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Michal (referee) ; Praško, Ján (referee)
The purpose of this study was to find psychometric properties of the Czech language version of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (Armstrong et al., 1997). 653 non-clinical participants and 162 adolescent psychiatric inpatients completed Czech versions of the A-DES and SDQ-20 questionnaires (Somatoform dissociative questionnaire; Nijenhuis et al., 1996), and provided further information (data regarding demographic variables, diagnoses, further psychopathology). The Czech A-DES has very good internal consistency, test-retest reliability and a good validity, though its predictive power is limited. The ADES scores significantly correlate with the measure of somatoform dissociation, self injurious behavior, reported traumatic experiences, a presence of clinician-observed dissociative symptoms, and polysymptomatic diagnostic picture (three comorbid diagnoses, differential diagnosis). A-DES scores were significantly higher in ADHD group, but not in a group with a diagnosis of a dissociative disorder. The study supports the intercultural validity of the concept of the dissociation and its clinical correlates; however, further research of the intercultural differences is needed. The authors stress the need to screen all adolescent psychiatric patients for dissociation, especially those who show more...
|
|
| |
guest ::
