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The generation gap in nutrition of obese people
Lochmanová, Aneta ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
The theme of this bachelor's thesis is the problematic of obesity. In the theoretical part there are summarized following topics: classification of obesity, diagnostic procedures, ethiopathogenesis, the complications connected with obesity and the treatment methods. The final part of this thesis is focused on the prevention and the nutrition in particular periods of human life. The main emphasis is put on the practical part, where eating habits of obese patients of various generations are compared and evaluated. This part deals with the frequency of consumption of fruit, vegetables, products of treated meat, fat and the other fat meals in the groups of four various age categories. Research is based on the quantitative elaboration of measurement of the obesity in the Czech population. This research was carried out by the company Stem/Mark according to the project Live healthy, where new calculations and evaluations had been made on the basis of my suggestion. The results of this research should be interpreted as follows: the age category from 18 to 29 years and the age category over 65 years show high consumption of fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the age categories from 30 to 49 years and from 50 to 64 years are characterized by higher consumption of treated meat, fat and other fat meals....
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Dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome and physical activity
Stránská, Zuzana ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Šmahelová, Alena (referee) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
Objective: In obese patients, we hypothesized physical exercise (PE) to affect lipids rather through its intrahepatic fat accumulation-lowering effect, associated with a decrease of total body fat (Fat%) and even weight (Mass), than through muscle work and an improvement of physical fitness. Design and setting: Thirty seven sedentary, non-diabetic women (BMI median 34.8 kg/m2) from our out- patient department were tested. Elimination criteria: recent weight reduction, lipid-influencing or heart rate-modifying medication. Interventions: PE protocol: 60 min supervised trainings, intensity at 65% of VO2max, modified by the Clamped Heart Rate test. Median (M) of total training hours was 34 during 115 days . Main Outcome Measurements: an effect of PE on total cholesterol (CH), triacylglycerols, HDL- cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), index of atherogenity (IA), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), maximum peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), Mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (Waist) and Fat%. Results: Statistically significant differences at start (_s) and at the end (_e) of PE (p<0.05): AIP -0.049, Mass -3.6 (kg), BMI -1.7 (kg/m2), Waist -2.5 (cm), Fat% -2.5, VO2max 2.92 (l.min-1.kg-1), W 16.4 (Watt). Correlation coefficients, Pearson's between Gaussian distributed (Gd-v) variables and...
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The Analysis of Selected Factors that Influence the Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus
Hendrychová, Tereza ; Šmahelová, Alena (advisor) ; Macek, Karel (referee) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Mgr. Tereza Hendrychová Supervisor Doc. MUDr. Alena Šmahelová, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis The analysis of selected factors that influence the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires continuing health care as prevention of the rise of acute complications and lowering the risk of development and further progression of chronic complications. The choice of the treatment method is fundamental for reaching the therapeutic aims. That is why medical staff members should continuously monitor information about new possibilities of the therapy including the current ones which are still continuously specified. The management of diabetes mellitus requires the active approach of patient as well as the complex medical health care. The emphasis should also be placed on his/her adherence or attitudes and on the motivation to the treatment. Search part Aim: The aim of the search part was to analyze the possibilities of DM type 1 pharmacotherapy with the focus on the comparison of the treatment of CSII (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) and MDI (multiple daily injections) in adult diabetics with DM type 1 and the possibility of use of some...
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The predictor of the weight
Sadílková, Aneta ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Conservative reduction mode still represents an essential element in treatment of obesity. It is based on inducing a negative energy balance by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Objective: Create a test database using collected data and implement a Weight Predictor web application that predicts real body weight loss for people intending to lose weight. Methods: The sample included 45 subjects, 31 female and 14 male, visiting the obesity clinic of Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital. Using the prospective method, we have collected data documenting the development of weight loss in these subjects in the first month of reduction. Changes in weight and changes in waist and hip circumference were recorded in direct connection with the real energy intake and expenditure. The collected data was analyzed in terms of its completeness and validity in order to select a suitable sample for testing the Weight Predictor application. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed in order to evaluate the overall success of weight loss in the subjects. Results: The overall success rate of the reduction mode was assessed as 67%. This means that 30 patients out of 45 were able to lose weight at least in the first month of the program. In...
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Study success in view of modern daat analyzing method
Štuka, Čestmír ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vokurka, Martin (referee) ; Dušek, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of the project is to find, by statistical analysis of the date available at the time of entrance examination, parameters that predict the student's ability to finish his/her studies successfully. In first part of this study, we will discuss admission criteria based on admission test (AT) and on undergraduate grade-point average (uGPA) supplemented by three other criteria (high school graduation in year of admission, performance in profile classes and so on. Admission test shows to be a good predictor of academic performance. Admitting part of students on the basis of their GPA is shown to improve prediction of academic performance. General aptitude test (GAT) was temporarily added to admission process at the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague (FFM). To prove predictive validity of GAT and to compare it with validity of current scientific knowledge test (ST). The added value of GAT was also examined. Prediction validity was estimated by Pearson correlation within cohorts (years 2002 - 2009) and by the correlation after each variable has been group-mean centred for all cohorts together. Incremental validity was assessed by testing submodels in linear and logistic regression models. The first year of studies is shown to be crucial for overall academic performance at FFM. Although...
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The effect of different bariatric operations on the weight loss in the treatment of obesity
Janoušková, Eva ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric procedures belong to modern methods of therapy of obesity, especially in patients with higher degree of obesity. Currently, different procedures are performed, among those gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. Our research investigated the effect of various bariatric procedures on the weight loss and some other metabolic values in the treatment of obesity. Methods: The data collection for quantitative research was carried out at the 3rd medical department of 1st faculty of medicine of Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, partially retrospectively and mainly prospectively. We monitored the change of weight and compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the first year after operation in group of 54 patients of which 32 patients had a two-year monitoring as well. For monitoring changes of weight throughout a particular period of time after operation, the conversion on % EWL a % EBMIL was used. The data was evaluated by basic statistical methods. Results 1: In our reference group (n=54) average value of EWL was found 37,58 % in the first year after the surgery. The value of EWL for sleeve gastrectomy was 47,52 %. The value of EWL for gastric bypass was 39,82 %. The value of EWL for gastric banding was 23,28 %. Results 2: In the subset of...
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Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis with skinfold thickness method in overweight persons
Kočvarová, Eliška ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to compare the methods most frequently used to determine the amount of body fat in overweight persons. Two bioelectrical impedance analyses using the analyzer Nutriguard-M and Inbody 3.0 and the skinfold test using the calliper Best were compared with a reference method (underwater weighting). The objective was to evaluate the validity of the mentioned methods and to decide which one is the most appropriate. In the first part of the thesis the background of obesity and body composition analysis is described. In the second part measured values are evaluated. The study included 18 overweight persons (6 men, 12 women), mean age 46,1 ± 15,8 years, mean BMI 28,2 ± 2,5 kg / m2. No significant differences were found among mean values of BF% obtained by Inbody 3.0 and the skinfold test. But the values measured by Nutriguard-M with tetra-polar electrodes arrangement were found significant (p < 0,05).
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Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and hypertension in children with diabetes mellitus type 1
Šuláková, Terezie ; Janda, Jan (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee) ; Souček, Miroslav (referee)
Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the office blood pressure (OBP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in the assessment of hypertension (HTN) in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). Methods: We analyzed OBP and ABPM measurements in 84 diabetic children (43 boys) obtained at a median age of 14.9 years and 6.3±3.5 years after diagnosis of DM1. OBP and ABPM results were converted into standard deviation scores (SDS). In addition, we analyzed blood pressure loads and nighttime dipping. The comparison between OBP and ABPM was performed using kappa coefficient and receiver operator curve (ROC). Results: HTN was diagnosed in 43/84 (51%) patients using OBP (>95th percentile) and in 24/84 (29%) patients using ABPM (≥95th percentile during 24h, day or night). Both methods were in agreement in 33 ABPM normotensive and 16 ABPM hypertensive patients (most had nighttime HTN); 32% patients had white coat HTN and 9.5% patients had masked HTN. The kappa coefficient was 0.175 (95% CI -0.034 to 0.384) suggesting poor agreement between OBP and ABPM. Diastolic OBP was a better predictor of ABPM HTN (ROC AUC=0.71±0.06) than systolic OBP (AUC= 0.58 ± 0.07). The percentage of non-dippers ranged from 7 to 23% in ABPM normotensive patients and 21-42% in ABPM hypertensive patients who also had...
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Constitution of interested persons in physical activity and their aims in reconditioning center of VŠTJ MEDICINA PRAHA
Svobodová, Eva ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Title: Constitution of interested persons in physical aktivity and their aims in reconditioning center of VŠTJ MEDICINA PRAHA Objectives: The first aim of this work is to find out, what is the main motivation of the patiens with the metabolic syndrome in the beginning of the physical excercise. The second aim is through analysis of clients of reconditioning center for assuring sufficient professionally led classes of physical aktivity. Methods: Socio-epidemiologic research on sample of clients of reconditioning center of VŠTJ MEDICINA PRAHA at first class. For research questionnaires were used. Results: The survey involved 84 new clients, 69 women and 15 men whose average age was 48.6 ± 13.8 years. The largest group, 64%, consisted of respondents with secondary education. As the main motivation of 62 respondents reported weight loss. In the comparison with the current population is in the file higher incidence of diabetes and hypertension. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, motivation
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The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level
Šebková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Title: The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare values of gained percentage of total body fat by descriptive method such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfolds measuring in comparison with "gold standard method" DEXA and to evaluate the usability of each method of body composition measuring by five groups of women, devided according to BMI level (in range 20-47 kg/m2 ). The purpose of this thesis is to find the most useful method especially for the overweight and obese women (BMI over 30 kg/m2 ) and to estimate the equation for the whole group. The other part of this thesis is the theoretical conclusion of the matters of body composition assessing and the importance of good knowledge about this topic for physiotherapists. Methods: The study was realizing from January of 2010 to March of 2011. There were 136 women, who were clients of Fitness center of VŠTJ Medicina Praha and jointed to the group voluntarely. The criteria of choosing the subjects into the study were: age 18 - 75 years, BMI 20 ≤ 45 kg/m2 , relatively healthy without accute disease. Women with cardiostimulator, pregnant women or nursing mothers were excluded. The monitored...
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