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Possibilities of working memory training and the influence on cognitive functions
Páchová, Anna ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor) ; Preiss, Marek (referee) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
TITLE: The possibilities of working memory training and the influence on cognitive functions AUTHOR: Anna Páchová DEPARTMENT: Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Miroslav Rendl, CSc. ABSTRACT: The topic of the PhD thesis was to explore the possibilities of the cognitive development using the training of the basal functions. The analysis of literature showed that (1) working memory (WM) is considered to be the function, which is frequently associated with higher cognitive processes and (2) core training can improve the WM capacity and this improvement seems to be transferred to other types of memory. The transfer to higher cognitive functions (intelligence) was not confirmed unanimously. Training programs were evaluated usually in different groups of individuals but none of these studies considered the possibility of WM training in context of the socio-cultural handicap, even if low SES children achieve poorer performance in cognitive tests including tests of WM. Therefore the aim of this study was to verify the possibilities of WM training on cognitive development with special interest in low SES children. We designed a 400-minutes WM training PC program, which was applied on two groups of children with different SES (low SES - Roma children, middle/high SES - Czech children). The results showed that both groups...
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Psychosocial and linguistic aspects of explicit language in hiphop culture
Sommerová, Lucie ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
This thesis is focused on functions of explicit language in hiphop culture. This area was examine by using lyrics of czech hip-hop artists. We used analysis, especially analysis of content which revealed not only manifest meanings, but especially hidden meanings. Thereafter the hip-hop lyrics was comparing with carnival culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Conclusions obtained using these methods show, how hip-hop artists use explicit language in their lyrics. Keywords: Psycholinguistics, Sociolonguistics, Explicit language, Hip hop, Culture Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Possibilities of working memory training and the influence on cognitive functions
Páchová, Anna
TITLE: The possibilities of working memory training and the influence on cognitive functions AUTHOR: Anna Páchová DEPARTMENT: Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Miroslav Rendl, CSc. ABSTRACT: The topic of the PhD thesis was to explore the possibilities of the cognitive development using the training of the basal functions. The analysis of literature showed that (1) working memory (WM) is considered to be the function, which is frequently associated with higher cognitive processes and (2) core training can improve the WM capacity and this improvement seems to be transferred to other types of memory. The transfer to higher cognitive functions (intelligence) was not confirmed unanimously. Training programs were evaluated usually in different groups of individuals but none of these studies considered the possibility of WM training in context of the socio-cultural handicap, even if low SES children achieve poorer performance in cognitive tests including tests of WM. Therefore the aim of this study was to verify the possibilities of WM training on cognitive development with special interest in low SES children. We designed a 400-minutes WM training PC program, which was applied on two groups of children with different SES (low SES - Roma children, middle/high SES - Czech children). The results showed that both groups...
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Signature of Preschool Age Children
Ondráčková, Blanka ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis devotes to the issue of writing and understanding the signature of preschool age. The theoretical part, after a concise summary of the characteristics of the developmental period and defining the relationship between literacy and graphomotory, primarily egages in children's understanding writing and perception of printed words. It mentions relevant researches related to the topic of child ability to write their name and the influence of this skill to the next child development. It also deals with the notion of "signature" and the reasons its attractiveness for preschool children. The focus of this thesis is own empirical research, the aim was to determine the relationship of preschool children to the signature. The first point of interest was the linguistic understanding of the signature and the other children's image of its social importance and usefulness. The attention was paid to the graphic representation of the signature and the ability to read it subsequently and repeatedly in context of linguistic understanding of the signature. This part of the research is focused on children's understanding of the print system and the function of letters as placeholders, ie the awareness that isolated letters do not mean itself. The children's view of the importance of the signature...
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Efficiency of working memory training
Milichovská, Petra ; Páchová, Anna (advisor) ; Pavelková, Isabella (referee)
This thesis concentrates on verification of efficiency of the program NBack Campaign, destined for working memory training, and continues the evaluation of the author of the program Anna Páchová. Our research has continued in the tradition of the evaluation of programs destined for training of cognitive functions. We have decided to use design pretest, training part and retest in our research. Based on the analyse of literature we concluded, that the research of working memory of children at the age between 10 and 18 years is peripheral issue and appears just in studies of the development of working memory. For this reason we decided to include 26 children from eight-year grammar school. We wanted to check, how they would respond on the programm and how the training would affect them. Our research was realized during three months and the research sample was reduced during that time. Following analysis of collected data has confirmed the statistically important shift in tasks children have trained in. Transfer into other tasks has not been shown. That is why we have decided to devote our time to individual pupils and their special characteristics. Keywords: Cognitive training, working memory, Nback Campaign, n-back task, spatial matrix, transfer
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Cognitiv strategies in gender non-traditional tasks
Malá, Petra ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
A fairy tale is one of the socialization factors which can support gender stereotypes in children's perception of the world around them. Fairy tale presents male and female characters in their gender roles to both boys and girls. This enables children to develop their own identity, gender identity being one of its parts. Pre-school children are confused by a fairy tale that does not follow gender schemes which they aquired in the past. In this kind of situation chidren employ their individual strategies which help them to get a better understanding of the tale and thanks to that assimilate the tale to their image of the world and the order that rules it. Typically, pre-school children don't accept characters that do not show attributes belonging to their gender role. They prefer characters which are typically masculine - active and brave, or typically feminine - passive and beautiful. Thus, traditional fairy tales don't offer the same opportunities of experiencing the story for both sexes. The goal of my qualitative research was an observation of differences between the way boys and girls perceive a fairy tale following gender stereotypes and another fairy tale that violates them. I based the research on structured interviews with children focused on how they perceive the tale. Afterwards, I analyzed this...
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Students with special educational needs and the school in their life
Vondrová, Eliška ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The work is fosuced on the place of school and education in life of students with special educational needs. Selected seventh class in one of excluded area is describe here with point of view of their social-cultural composition and other characteristics of children who attend it. The method is used primarily semicontrolled conversation about what school means for children, what is the meaning of education for them and what is their daily life and vision of the future about. Using interviews with the class teacher are first determined the individual profiles of all children in the classroom. These profiles are gradually replenished by collecting data using open questionnaires, interviews and documentary material. The result is a qualitative picture of school attendance and children's life in such an specific environment.
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Learnability principles of progressive matrices: a comparison of Czech and Roma children
Páchová, Anna ; Seidlová Málková, Gabriela (referee) ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of the graduation theses was to describe and explain the differences between Czech and Roma children in the scope of cognitive modifiability. The second aim was to consider the progressive matrices as tools for measurement of intelligence. To evaluate the cognitive modifiability I used the pretest and retest sets of matrices chosen from the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition, I also designed three separate sets of matrices that were used for explanation of matrix task principles. I confirmed the learnability of these principles, i.e. the matrix task results are influenced not only by the biological factors but primarily by the cultural background. It means that matrices cannot be considered as a culture free test. The results of Czech children in pretest and retest were significantly higher than the results of Roma children (however, the differences in the retest reached the borderline of statistic significance). On the other hand, the level of improvement (defined as retest minus pretest) was higher in the group of Roma children. So, the worse results of Roma children cannot be explain due to cognitive inferiority. They seem to be associated with the socio-cultural background and with the absence of Mediated Learning Experience. The...
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Educational Simulation in Task Situations (A survey focusing on the aspects of acceptance, interactivity, and authenticity)
Hannemann, Tereza ; Krykorková, Hana (advisor) ; Pinkas, Jaroslav (referee) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The dissertation 'Educational Simulation in Task Situations' is focused on a new medium - educational simulation, which is starting to establish itself in the field of education. This work is examining educational simulations from three different points of view: 1) the acceptance of educational simulations in the school environment, 2) the interactivity of learning material, and 3) the authenticity of learning material. The experimental results are divided into three separate chapters according to the respective viewpoint. The investigation focused on acceptance in the first chapter draws from the evaluation of 34 Czech teachers and more than 1000 students, who both evaluated the benefits and shortcomings of particular educational simulations that were used by the teachers and their students. The experiment on interactivity (N = 152) in the second chapter is focused on the experimental comparison of learning material with activated interactive features and learning material with deactivated features. The third experiment on authenticity (N = 48) compares teaching material using authentic media sequences and the same material converted into an animated form. All three main chapters contain a theoretical review of the respective topic and our own experimental research. The methodology is based on the...
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